3 Commando Brigade
| 3 Commando Brigade | |
|---|---|
|
Cap Badge of the Royal Marines | |
| Active | 14 February 1942–present |
| Country |
 United Kingdom |
| Branch | Naval Service |
| Type |
Marines Commando Light infantry |
| Role | Commando/Amphibious Landing Force |
| Size |
8 Battalions 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group - Plymouth40 Commando - Taunton 42 Commando - Plymouth 45 Commando - Arbroath 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines Commando Logistic Regiment - Chivenor 29 Commando Regiment RA - Plymouth 24 Commando Regiment RE - Chivenor |
| Part of | Royal Marines |
| Garrison/HQ | HQ - Stonehouse Barracks, Plymouth |
| March | Quick - Sarie Marais |
| Engagements |
Second World War Operation Musketeer |
| Commanders | |
| Brigade Commander | Brigadier Stuart Birrell RM |
| Brigade Regimental Sergeant Major | Warrant Officer 1st Class A C Jacka RM |
| Insignia | |
| 3 Commando Brigade Formation Badge |
 |
3 Commando Brigade is a commando formation of the British Armed Forces and the main manoeuvre formation of the Royal Marines. Its personnel are predominantly Royal Marines, supported by units of Royal Engineers, Royal Artillery,and the Fleet Air Arm, together with other Commando Qualified sailors, soldiers and airmen.
The brigade was formed in 1943, during the Second World War, with a mixture of army commando and Royal Marine commando units and served in the Burma Campaign. After the Second World War, the army commandos were disbanded and the brigade became a Royal Marine formation. Recently, the Brigade has again become a mixed army and marine formation with the addition of an army infantry battalion, artillery regiment and engineer regiment alongside three Royal Marine battalions and support services. Since the end of the Second World War, it has served in the Suez crisis, Falklands War, Gulf War and the War in Afghanistan.
History
3 Commando Brigade can trace its origins back to World War II, when it was formed as the 3rd Special Service Brigade. The Commandos were formed as forces to perform raids on occupied Europe. Many of these raids were relatively small affairs, but some were very large, such as the 1942 Dieppe Raid, and the attack on St. Nazaire to cripple the dry dock there.
The 3rd Special Service Brigade was formed in 1943 and sailed for the Far East and saw action against the Japanese in the Burma Campaign. On 6 December 1944, the brigade was renamed 3rd Commando Brigade, removing the hated title Special Service and its association with the German SS.[1] In January 1945, the Brigade was involved in the battles to secure the Myebon peninsula and Kangaw, holding a key position during the battle of Hill 170 against repeated Japanese attacks.
The brigade was then withdrawn to India to prepare for the amphibious assault on Malaya, but the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan ended the war before the planned invasion. Instead, the brigade moved to Hong Kong to secure the Crown Colony.
In 1946, the Army Commandos in the brigade were disbanded and the brigade became a Royal Marine Commando formation.[2]
Formation in World War II
- No. 1 Commando
- No. 5 Commando
- No. 42 Royal Marine Commando
- No. 44 Royal Marine Commando.[3][4]
Post World War II
3 Commando Brigade was at the forefront of many actions over the next 25 years, acting as a strategic reserve for the Far East and Mediterranean areas. Its most high profile operation during this time was the Suez Crisis, when it took part in the amphibious assault against Egyptian targets. During Operation Musketeer, units of the brigade made the first British helicopter-borne assault in history.
1971 saw the withdrawal of British forces from the Far East and Persian Gulf. The brigade returned to the UK with other British units. It moved to Stonehouse Barracks in Plymouth, where it remains to this day.
The Royal Marines served on many occasions in Northern Ireland as part of Operation BANNER and had a number of successful interdictions against paramilitary groups.
Operation Corporate
The brigade's next large operation was in 1982. Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands, and 3 Commando Brigade, reinforced by 2 Para and 3 Para, was one of the two main British land formations that took part in operations to recapture the islands. The Brigade landed at San Carlos Water and marched across East Falkland to Stanley. Argentine units were defeated in several sharp engagements, and their forces surrendered on 14 June.
Gulf War
In the aftermath of the Gulf War, the brigade was deployed on a non-combat task in northern Iraq. The Kurds had suffered immensely during the war and its immediate aftermath, and the brigade was used due to its rapid deployment ability. It provided humanitarian aid to the Kurds and saved many from starvation.
21st Century
Recently, the brigade has been involved in two major campaigns, including Operation Veritas in Afghanistan, 2001 and 2002, and Operation Telic during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In Afghanistan, no contact was made with enemy forces, despite contrary predictions. Iraq, however, saw heavy fighting occur in the early stages of the campaign, as the brigade made its first amphibious assault in over 20 years by landing on the Al-Faw peninsula in south east Iraq. Both operations were successful, and demonstrated the brigade's ability to perform its traditional role as one of the United Kingdom's elite fighting forces.
In 2006, the brigade returned to Afghanistan on Operation Herrick, replacing 16 Air Assault Brigade, where intense fighting occurred and the brigade suffered a loss of 15 men (KIA).
Organisation
The Brigade is commanded by a Royal Marines Brigadier and contains Royal Marines, Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force. Brigade headquarters staff are located at Stonehouse Barracks, Plymouth, Devon with the majority of the subordinate formations in South West England. By 2003, the brigade's constituent Commando units had been re-organised in accordance with the Commando 21 re-structuring.
The Commando Helicopter Force (CHF), of the Fleet Air Arm, based at RNAS Yeovilton provides Helicopter support.
The Special Forces (SF) element is usually provided by units of the Special Boat Service (SBS). SF support will be allocated from the Director Special Forces, as required for tasking.
The attached army units consist of commando-trained units from the British Army. They are attached to the brigade and provide close-support, field artillery and integral combat engineer support.
When the Brigade is operating as the United Kingdom/Netherlands Landing Force the Operational Control of one Marine Infantry Battalion, a Mortar Company, 7th SBS Troop (NL) and a Combat Service Support element of the Korps Mariniers are delegated to the formation.
The Brigade structure has recently been enhanced with the formation of 24 Commando Regiment Royal Engineers, which subsumed 59 and 131 Squadrons and increased its capacity, bringing it into line with the deployable brigades of the British Army.
The subordinate units as of 2013 are:
| Royal Marines | British Army |
|---|---|
| 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group (Stonehouse Barracks, Plymouth) | 24 Commando Regiment Royal Engineers (RM Chivenor, Devon) |
| 40 Commando (Norton Manor Camp, Taunton) | 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery (Royal Citadel, Plymouth) |
| 42 Commando (Bickleigh Barracks, Plymouth) | 383 Commando Petroleum Troop, Royal Logistic Corps (Plymouth) |
| 45 Commando (RM Condor, Arbroath) | Korps Mariniers (as part of UK/NL Landing Force) |
| 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group (HMNB Clyde, Argyll and Bute) | 1st Marine Combat Group (Doorn, Utrechtse Heuvelrug) |
| 539 Assault Squadron (HMNB Devonport, Plymouth) | |
| Royal Marines Armoured Support Group (RNAS Yeovilton, Somerset) | |
| Commando Logistic Regiment (RM Chivenor, Devon) |
Commanders
Commanders have included:[5]
- 1943–1944 Brigadier Peter Young
- 1944–1945 Brigadier Campbell Hardy
- 1948–1951 Brigadier Campbell Hardy
- 1951–1952 Brigadier Cecil Phillips
- 1952–1954 Brigadier James Moulton
- 1954–1955 Brigadier Ian Riches
- 1955–1957 Brigadier Reginald Madoc
- 1957–1959 Brigadier Robert Houghton
- 1959–1960 Brigadier Peter Hellings
- 1960–1962 Brigadier Norman Tailyour
- 1962–1964 Brigadier Francis Barton
- 1964–1965 Brigadier Leslie Marsh
- 1965–1966 Brigadier Anthony Willasey-Wilsey
- 1966–1968 Brigadier Ian Gourlay
- 1968–1970 Brigadier Peter Whiteley
- 1970–1972 Brigadier Patrick Ovens
- 1972–1975 Brigadier Roger Ephraums
- 1975–1977 Brigadier John Richards
- 1977–1979 Brigadier Jeremy Moore
- 1979–1981 Brigadier Michael Wilkins
- 1981–1983 Brigadier Julian Thompson
- 1983–1984 Brigadier Martin Garrod
- 1984–1986 Brigadier Henry Beverley
- 1986–1988 Brigadier Robin Ross
- 1988–1990 Brigadier Andrew Whitehead
- 1990–1992 Brigadier Andrew Keeling
- 1992–1994 Brigadier David Pennefather
- 1994–1995 Brigadier Jonathan Thomson
- 1995–1997 Brigadier Anthony Milton
- 1997–1998 Brigadier Robert Fulton
- 1998–1999 Brigadier David Wilson
- 1999–2001 Brigadier Robert Fry
- 2001–2002 Brigadier Roger Lane
- 2002–2004 Brigadier James Dutton
- 2004–2006 Brigadier John Rose
- 2006–2007 Brigadier Jeremy Thomas
- 2007–2008 Brigadier David Capewell
- 2008–2008 Brigadier Buster Howes
- 2008–2009 Brigadier Gordon Messenger
- 2010–2011 Brigadier Ed Davis
- 2011–2013 Brigadier Martin Smith
- 2013–2014 Brigadier Stuart M. Birrell
- 2014–present Brigadier Charlie Stickland
Battle honours
The following Battle honours were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War.[6]
- Adriatic
- Alethangyaw
- Aller
- Anzio
- Argenta Gap
- Burma 1943–45
- Crete
- Dieppe
- Dives Crossing
- Djebel Choucha
- Flushing
- Greece 1944–45
- Italy 1943–45
- Kangaw
- Landing at Porto San Venere
- Landing in Sicily
- Leese
- Litani
- Madagascar
- Middle East 1941, 1942, 1944
- Monte Ornito
- Myebon
- Normandy Landing
- North Africa 1941–43
- North-West Europe 1942, 1944–1945
- Norway 1941
- Pursuit to Messina
- Rhine
- St. Nazaire
- Salerno
- Sedjenane 1
- Sicily 1943
- Steamroller Farm
- Syria 1941
- Termoli
- Vaagso
- Valli di Comacchio
- Westkapelle
See also
- British Commandos
- British military history
- Ski warfare
- Military of the United Kingdom
- 1st Commando Brigade
- 2nd Commando Brigade
- 4th Commando Brigade
- Australian commandos
- Marine Expeditionary Brigade American equivalent
- Netherlands Marine Corps Dutch equivalent and part of UK/NL Landing Force
References
Notes
- ↑ Moreman 2008, p. 32.
- ↑ Chappell 1996, p. 31.
- ↑ "burmastar".
- ↑ Chappell 1996, p. 28.
- ↑ Royal Navy Senior Appointments
- ↑ Moreman, p.94
Bibliography
- Chappell, Mike (1996). Army Commandos 1940–1945. Elite Series # 64. London: Osprey Military Publishing. ISBN 1-85532-579-9.
- Moreman, Tim (2008). British Commandos 1940–46. Battle Orders. London: Osprey Military Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-986-8.
- Southby-Tailyour, Ewen (2009). 3 Commando Brigade. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-192696-0.
- Neillands, Robin (2004). By Sea and Land: The Story of the Royal Marine Commandos. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Classics. ISBN 1-84415-043-7.
- Philip, Sea soldiers' readied for a new world disorder,' Jane's Navy International, September 2001 - re Commando 21 and COMUKMARFOR reorganisations
External links
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