33rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment

33rd Arkansas Infantry (Confederate)
Arkansas state flag
Active	1861–1865
Country	Confederate States of America
Allegiance	CSA
Branch	Infantry
Engagements	American Civil War Battle of Prairie Grove Battle of Little Rock Battle of Milliken's Bend Red River Campaign Battle of Pleasant Hill Battle of Jenkins Ferry

The 33rd Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War.^[1] The unit served in the Department of the Trans-Mississippi from its formation in the summer of 1862 until the surrender in May 1865.

Organization

The 33rd Arkansas was created from existing companies by Special Order Number 28, issued by Major General Thomas C. Hindman on July 11, 1862:^[2]

The following companies, now rendezvoused at Camden Arks., are incorporated into and will form one regiment of Infantry, in the service of the Confederate States, for three years or the War, to wit:

1. - Captain Arnold’s company, (A)

2. - Captain Davison’s company, (B)

3. - Captain Radford’s company, (C)

4. - Captain Overstreet’s company, (D)

5. - Captain William’s company, (E)

6. - Captain Speele’s company, (F)

7. - Captain Witchell’s company, (G)

8. - Captain Flint’s company, (H)

9. - Captain Ervin’s company, (I)

10.- Captain Langford’s company, (K)

The following field and staff officers are appointed for such regiment.

H. S. Grinstead, Colonel

H. W. McWilliam, Lieut. Colonel

W. S. Crenshaw, Major

John W. Faust, Asst. Qtr. Master

W. Y. Chester, Asst. Commissary Subsistence

A. M. Barnes, Adjt. With rank of Lieut.

These officers will enter at once upon the discharge of their duties and will be obeyed and respected accordingly.

By command of

Maj. Genl. Hindman

These companies were ordered to Camp White Sulphur Springs in mid July 1862 in two battalions which were organized there as the 33rd Arkansas. These two battalions arrived a week or so apart at Sulphur Springs, one in early July and the other after July 15. At one point the regiment included 11 companies. Once the 33rd Arkansas was assembled as a regiment at White Sulphur Springs, it was entered into a camp of instruction under Colonel Robert G. Shaver. The regiment remained at Camp White Sulphur Springs until October 4, 1862 when it was ordered north as part of a brigade commanded by Colonel Shavers.^[3] When finally mustered into confederate service the regiment was composed of volunteer companies from the following counties:^[4]

• Company A, Commanded by Captain Rufus E Arnold, organized in Columbia County, Arkansas on May 14, 1862.
  

  Colonel Hiram L. Grinstead, Killed at the Battle of Jenkins Ferry
• Company B, Commanded by Captain Dee Newton, organized in Ouachita County, Arkansas on June 17, 1862.
• Company C, Commanded by Captain John A. Goodgame, organized in Dallas County, Arkansas on June 17, 1862.
• Company D, Commanded by Captain Oliver H. Overstreet, organized in Ouachita County, Arkansas on June 14, 1862.
• Company E, Commanded by Captain Geraldus Williams, organized in Clark County, Arkansas on June 14, 1862. (Composed partly of former members of other organizations, principally, Company A, 12th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and, Company H, 23rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment)
• Company F, Commanded by Captain John A. Ansley, organized in Ouachita County, Arkansas on June 18, 1862. (Composed partly of absentees from the 12th and 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Johnson's))
• Company G, Commanded by Captain Wiley M. Mitchell, organized in Columbia County, Arkansas on June 19, 1862.
• Company H, Commanded by Captain Thomas M. East, organized in Clark County, Arkansas on May 18, 1862. (Composed of many reenlisted men from other organizations, principally 12th Arkansas Infantry Regiment)
• Company I, Commanded by Captain Francis J. Erwin, organized in Montgomery County, Arkansas on June 24, 1862. (Seven of this unit reported as former members of the 4th Arkansas Infantry Regiment)
• Company K, Commanded by Captain William B. Langford, organized in Ouachita County, Arkansas on June 23, 1862.

The regimental officers at the formation of the regiment were:^[4]

• Colonel H.L. Grinstead, Appointed July 11, 1862 at the age of 36, was born in Kentucky.
• Lieutenant Colonel Henry W. McMillan, Appointed July 11, 1862 at the age of 30, born in North Carolina.
• Major William T. Steele, Age 29, born in Tennessee.
• Surgeon D. S. Williams, Age 27, born in NC. Appointed July 18, 1862.
• Asst Surgeon, Junius N. Bragg, was appointed August 16, 1861 at age 26, and was born in North Carolina.
• Sergeant Major James E. Lide, who enlisted on June 17, 1862 at Camden, AR. He was an escaped POW from the 11th Arkansas Infantry Regiment. Appointed Sgt Major July 10, 1863.

African Americans in Confederate Ranks

The 33rd Arkansas is one of the few regiments that included the names of African American servants and slaves on its muster rolls. While it was not uncommon for slaves and servants to accompany their masters to war, some even serving on the battlefield,^[5] it was uncommon for them to actually be carried on the unit's muster rolls. The following African Americans are included on the 33rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment's Muster rolls:^[4]

Company A - "DOCK -Negro. - Enl 1 Nov 1863 at Camp Bragg, AR. Present 28 Feb 1864."

Company B - "ABRAHAM Cook Enl Jan 1864 at Camp Bragg, AR. Present 29 Feb 1864"

"MOSE, - (Slave) Cook Enl 1 Dec 1863 at Camp Bragg, AR. Present 29 Feb 1864."

"NELSON - slave Cook Enl 1 Dec 1863 at Camp Bragg, AR. Present 29 Feb 1864."

Company C - "LIDE, AMOS Negro Cook - Enl 1 Nov 1863 at Camp Bragg, AR for 3 yrs. Present through Feb 1864."

"McCALLUM, EDWARD Negro Cook. Enl 1Nov1863 at Camp Bragg, AR. On sick furlough 15days 25Feb1864."

"McCOLLUM, ARCHY Negro Cook. Enl 15Dec1863 at Camp Bragg, AR. Died 4Jan1864."

Company G - "ALBERT Cook Enl 20 Nov 1863 at Camp Bragg, AR. Present slave cook."

"LINDSEY - Cook Enl 20 Nov 1862 at Camp Bragg, AR. Slave cook."

Company K - "JACK" Cook - Enl 26 Oct 186(3) at Camp Bragg, AR. Present 29 Feb 1864."

"NICK, - Cook Enl 26 Oct 1862. Present, never paid, 29 Feb 1864."

Battles

The 33rd Arkansas was assigned to Colonel Robert G. Shaver's 2nd Brigade of Daniel M. Frost's 3rd Division of Major General Thomas C. Hindman's 1st Corps of the Army of the Trans-Mississippi for the Battle of Prairie Grove on December 7, 1862.^[6] The other regiments in the brigade were the 27th, 38th, and Adams' Arkansas Infantry Regiments. According to Colonel Robert G. Shaver's report on the Battle of Prairie Grove, the 38th was ordered to support Colonel Dandridge McRae's Brigade during the fight at Prairie Grove.^[7]

Camp near Fort Smith, Ark., Dec. 15, 1862.

Dear Sisters—This leaves me still sick, but some better than when I wrote you last. The fatigue of crossing the Boston Mountains was great. We left Van Buren on the 3rd of this month, with five days’ rations, to attack the enemy, who were then at Cane Hill, in some force, but on the night of the 6th General Hindman was informed that he was in eight miles of General Schofield, with about ten thousand troops. After receiving the intelligence, General Hindman ordered that we be ready to move at one o’clock the next morning.

The cavalry was thrown out ahead of the infantry, and about an hour by the sun on the morning of the 7th, which was Sunday, our cavalry engaged the enemy. When the firing commenced we were ordered up in double-quick, but before we got where the engagement took place we met some of our men coming back with a good many prisoners and wagons which they had captured.

When we got to where the engagement took place we were thrown into line of battle, but we soon found the enemy had fallen back. We then advanced about half a mile and formed again, but they had fallen back still further. About eleven o’clock the firing commenced in good earnest on the right wing. We were then ordered away from the battery and ordered out into the woods in center and were under cross-fire from two of the enemy’s batteries all the evening, but they had their sights too high for us. About two o’clock we were charged by the Pin Indians, who set up one of the most horrible yells I ever heard. We received their charge, repulsed them and then charged them and drove them back with a loss of two killed, eleven wounded and twelve missing, most of whom have come up since. I did not get a man hurt at all, but the way the shot and shell rained down on us it looked like we could not escape as well as we did. I think we will winter some distance south of here.

I will close as my paper is out. My love to all.

Good bye from your brother,

TOM D. THOMSON.^[8]

After Prairie Grove the unit retreated to Van Buren, with the rest of Hindman's Army. On February 28, 1862, Brigadier General J. C. Tappan, formerly commander of the 13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, was ordered to assume command of Shaver's brigade, consisting of the 38th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, commanded by Colonel Robert G. Shaver, the 27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel James R. Shaler, and the 33rd Arkansas Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel Hiram L. Grinstead. They remained with Tappan's Brigade through the remainder of the war. General Tappan was ordered to move his brigade to Louisiana to support General Taylor's operations against General's Grant's forces laying siege to Vicksburg Mississippi.^[9] The 33rd spent the month of July 1863 in the vicinity of Delhi, Louisiana where they conducted raids on Federal interests between Delhi and the Mississippi River.^[10] Tappan's brigade was ordered to return to Arkansas, via Pine Bluff, in August 1863.^[11] The Tappan's Brigade and the 33rd Arkansas missed the Battle of Helena on July 4, 1863, because of its operations in Louisiana.^[10]

Tappan's Brigade and the 33rd returned to Arkansas in August 1863, and were involved in the defense of Little Rock. When Little Rock fell on September 10, 1863, the regiment withdrew to southern Arkansas and went into winter quarters in Hempstead County.^[10]

In the Spring of 1864, the Churchill's Division, with Tappan's Brigade moved south to oppose Union General Nathaniel Banks' Red River Campaign in north-central Louisiana in March and early April 1864. The division arrived during the Battle of Mansfield on April 8, 1864, but was not committed to the battle^[12] and occupied a position on the flank of General Taylor's division. Brigadier General Churchill was placed in command of both his own division and Brigadier General Parson's Division during the pursuit of the enemy from Mansfield to Pleasant Hill, Louisiana so Brigadier General Tappan assumed command of Churchill's Division. While Tappan commanded the Division, Colonel Grinstead assumed command of Tappan's Brigade and led it through the fight at Pleasant Hill, on April 9, 1864.^[13] General Tappan described the action at Pleasant Hill as follows:^[14]

My line was formed at about 4:30 o'clock. . . . I threw out three companies of skirmishers under Major Steele of Grinsted's regiment, and immediately ordered my line to advance rapidly as directed. . . . For an hour and a half we were as warmly engaged with the enemy as it has ever been my experience to witness on any battlefield. My division, however, never faltered, but moved steadily forward, with the valor of men determined to succeed or fall in the attempt. . . . At this juncture, learning that the division on the right had been outflanked and was falling back , I immediately directed my attention in that direction and saw that such was the case. When said division had swept entirely past mine, and my command became exposed to a heavy and murderous fire from the flank as well as from the front, I ordered the brigade commanders to fall back with a view of forming a line in a more advantageous position. . . . The exhausted condition of the men, the lateness of the hour (it being near dark), and the denseness of the thicket made it extremely difficult to rally the men. While the battle lasted no men ever fought more gallantly. This is evidenced by the fact that the enemy made little or no attempt to pursue our line; on the contrary, he fled toward Red river as soon as night came, leaving his dead to be buried and his wounded to be cared by us. The loss of the division in the engagement was as follows: Killed, 26; wounded, 112; missing, 63.^[14]

Churchill's Division marched back north into Arkansas to deal with the other part of the Federal advance, General Frederick Steele's Camden Expedition. The division arrived after a long forced march at Woodlawn, Arkansas on April 26, where they rested overnight, then joined the pursuit of Steele's retreating army, catching it trying to cross the Saline River near Jenkins' Ferry. The regimental commander, Colonel Hiram Lane Grinstead, was killed in action at Jenkins' Ferry.^[10][15] The regiment sustained 92 men killed and wounded in the fight at Jenkins' Ferry.^[16] The regiment was engaged in the following battles:^[17]

• Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, December 7, 1862.
• Battle of Little Rock, Arkansas, September 10, 1863.
• Red River Campaign, Arkansas March–May, 1864.
• Battle of Pleasant Hill, April 9, 1864.
• Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas April 30, 1864.

Surrender

This regiment surrendered with the Department of the Trans-Mississippi, General E. Kirby Smith commanding, May 26, 1865.^[18][19] With few exceptions, the Arkansas Infantry regiments in the Trans-Mississippi simply disbanded without formally surrendering. When the Trans-Mississippi Department surrendered, all of the Arkansas infantry regiments were encamped in and around Marshall, Texas (war-ravaged Arkansas no longer able to subsist the army). The regiments were ordered to report to Shreveport, Louisiana, to be paroled but none of them did so. Some individual soldiers went to Shreveport on their own to be paroled, others reported to Union garrisons at Fort Smith, Pine Bluff or Little Rock to receive their paroles, but for the most part, the men simply went home.^[17][20]

See also

• List of Arkansas Civil War Confederate units
• Lists of American Civil War Regiments by State
• Confederate Units by State
• Arkansas in the American Civil War
• Arkansas Militia in the Civil War

References

External links

• Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Home Page
• The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
• The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
• The Arkansas History Commission, State Archives, Civil War in Arkansas
•  This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document "Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, National Park Service".

Arkansas in the American Civil War 1861 Seizure of Little Rock Arsenal 1862 Battle of Pea Ridge Battle of Whitney's Lane Battle of Saint Charles Battle of Cotton Plant Battle of Cane Hill Battle of Prairie Grove 1863 Battle of Arkansas Post Battle of Chalk Bluff Battle of Helena Battle of Devil's Backbone Battle of Bayou Fourche Battle of Pine Bluff 1864 Battle of Elkin's Ferry Battle of Prairie D'Ane Battle of Poison Spring Battle of Marks' Mills Battle of Jenkins' Ferry Battle of Old River Lake Battle of Fort Smith Reconstruction Arkansas Militia in Reconstruction Units Arkansas Militia in the Civil War List of Arkansas Civil War Confederate units List of Arkansas Civil War Union units