31st century BC

The 31st century BC is a century which lasted from the year 3100 BC to 3001 BC.

Events

Spiral design altar block from the Tarxien Temples of Malta, uncovered by Sir Themistocles Zammit

Front and Back Sides of Narmer Palette, this facsimile on display at the Royal Ontario Museum, in Toronto, Canada. The Palette depicts Narmer unifying Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt

• c. 3100 BC: Narmer (Menes) unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country; he rules this new country from Memphis.
• c. 3100 BC: Predynastic period (Neolithic) ends in Ancient Egypt (other date is 3150 BC).
• c. 3100 BC: Early Dynastic (Archaic) period starts in Ancient Egypt (other date is 3150 BC).
• c. 3100 BC: The first temple of Tarxien is in use by the Neolithic inhabitants of Malta.^[1]
• c. 3100 BC: First stage in the construction of Stonehenge.^[2]
• c. 3100 BC – 2600 BC: Skara Brae, Orkney Islands, Scotland is inhabited. Discovered 1850.)
• c. 3100 BC: Anu Ziggurat and White Temple in Uruk, Mesopotamia (modern Warka, Iraq) are built.)
• c. 3100 BC: Humans develop their first writing system, cuneiform script.
• c. 3077 BC: Comet Hale–Bopp appears in the sky. Its next appearance occurs in 540 BC

Significant people

• Scorpion II, presumably the last pre-dynastic pharaoh of ancient Upper Egypt
• Narmer, founder of the first dynasty of Egypt
• Hor-Aha, the second pharaoh of the First dynasty of Egypt
• Djer, the third pharaoh of the First dynasty of Egypt

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• Drainage and sewage system in the Indus Valley
• Dams, canals, stone sculptures using inclined plane and lever in Sumer and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley
• Copper was in use, both as tools and weapons
• Senet is one of the oldest known board games in the world.
• c. 3100 BC – Invention of writing in Mesopotamia and Egypt

References