2015 Formula One season

Lewis Hamilton, the defending World Drivers' Champion and current championship leader.

The Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid, the car entered by Mercedes, the defending World Constructors' Champions.

The 2015 Formula One season is the 66th season of the Formula One World Championship, a motor racing championship for Formula One cars which is recognised by the sport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. Twenty drivers representing ten teams are scheduled to contest each of nineteen Grands Prix,^[1] starting in Australia on 15 March and ending in Abu Dhabi on 29 November as they compete for the World Drivers' and World Constructors' Championships.

Lewis Hamilton is the defending Drivers' Champion after securing his second title at the 2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.^[2] His team, Mercedes, began the season as the defending Constructors' Champion, having secured its first championship title at the 2014 Russian Grand Prix.^[3]

After four races, Hamilton leads the Drivers' championship standings by 27 points from Nico Rosberg, with Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel in third. Mercedes lead the Constructors' standings ahead of Ferrari and Williams.

Signed teams and drivers

The following teams and drivers are signed to take part in the 2015 Formula One World Championship.^[4][5]

Team	Constructor	Chassis	Power unit	Tyre	No.	Race drivers	Rounds	No.	Free Practice drivers
Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari	SF15-T	Ferrari 059/4[6]	P	5 7	Sebastian Vettel Kimi Räikkönen	1–4 1–4	N/A
Sahara Force India F1 Team	Force India-Mercedes	VJM08	Mercedes PU106B Hybrid	P	11 27	Sergio Pérez Nico Hülkenberg	1–4 1–4	N/A
Lotus F1 Team	Lotus-Mercedes	E23 Hybrid	Mercedes PU106B Hybrid	P	8 13	Romain Grosjean Pastor Maldonado	1–4 1–4	30	Jolyon Palmer
Manor Marussia F1 Team[5]	Marussia-Ferrari	MR03[7]	Ferrari 059/3[8][9]	P	28 98	Will Stevens Roberto Merhi	2–4 2–4	N/A
McLaren Honda	McLaren-Honda	MP4-30	Honda RA615H Hybrid	P	20 14 22	Kevin Magnussen Fernando Alonso Jenson Button	1 2–4 1–4	N/A
Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team	Mercedes	F1 W06 Hybrid	Mercedes PU106B Hybrid	P	6 44	Nico Rosberg Lewis Hamilton	1–4 1–4	N/A
Infiniti Red Bull Racing	Red Bull-Renault	RB11	Renault Energy F1-2015	P	3 26	Daniel Ricciardo Daniil Kvyat	1–4 1–4	N/A
Sauber F1 Team	Sauber-Ferrari	C34	Ferrari 059/4[6]	P	9 12	Marcus Ericsson Felipe Nasr	1–4 1–4	36	Raffaele Marciello
Scuderia Toro Rosso	Toro Rosso-Renault	STR10	Renault Energy F1-2015	P	33 55	Max Verstappen Carlos Sainz Jr.	1–4 1–4	N/A
Williams Martini Racing	Williams-Mercedes	FW37	Mercedes PU106B Hybrid	P	19 77	Felipe Massa Valtteri Bottas	1–4 1–4	N/A
Sources:[4][5][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Team changes

McLaren renewed their relationship with Japanese manufacturer Honda, twenty-three years since they last competed together. Pictured is the McLaren MP4/6, one of the last cars built by McLaren to use a Honda engine, racing at the 1991 United States Grand Prix.

• Honda returned to Formula One as an engine supplier, providing McLaren with a V6 engine and Energy Recovery System package, ending the team's 20-year partnership with Mercedes-Benz.^[17] Honda had previously supplied McLaren from 1988 until 1992, when they ended their involvement in Formula One. Honda returned to the sport in 2000, again as an engine supplier, providing British American Racing and Jordan Grand Prix with engines until they purchased the former in 2006 and competed as a constructor until 2008.
• Lotus changed engine suppliers, ending their association with Renault in favour of a deal with Mercedes.^[18] This ended a 20-year involvement of Renault with the Enstone based team, after being an engine supplier to Benetton since 1995, and being the owner of the team from 2002 to 2010.
• Following the 2014 Russian Grand Prix, Marussia went into administration, missing the final three races of the 2014 season. In November 2014, administrators announced that the Marussia team would cease trading and close down,^[19] but the team was saved from liquidation in February 2015 when new investment was secured and the team left administration after an agreement with creditors was reached.^[20] The team re-entered as Manor Marussia.
• The assets of the Caterham team were auctioned off by the company's administrators during the opening rounds of the season,^[21][22][23] and the team was not included on the final entry list published ahead of the opening race.^[5]

Driver changes

Sebastian Vettel left Red Bull Racing—the team he won four World Drivers' Championships with—at the end of the 2014 season to join Ferrari.

• Fernando Alonso will replace Kevin Magnussen at McLaren, returning to the team seven years after he last raced for them.^[24][25] Following an accident during pre-season testing, Alonso withdrew from the season-opening Australian Grand Prix, and Magnussen was named as his temporary replacement.^[26]
• Sebastian Vettel left Red Bull Racing at the end of the 2014 season after fifteen years with the team and its wider junior development programme to join Ferrari in the place of Alonso.^[27] Daniil Kvyat was promoted to Red Bull from Toro Rosso to fill the seat vacated by Vettel.^[28]
• With Kvyat joining Red Bull and Jean-Éric Vergne leaving the team to become a Ferrari development driver,^[29] Toro Rosso overhauled their lineup. The team signed reigning Formula Renault 3.5 Series champion Carlos Sainz Jr.,^[30] and European Formula Three third-place finisher Max Verstappen, who became the youngest driver to make his Formula One début at the age of 17 years, 164 days when he started the 2015 season.^[31]
• Esteban Gutiérrez and Adrian Sutil were released from Sauber, where they were replaced by Caterham's Marcus Ericsson and GP2 driver Felipe Nasr.^[32][33] Gutiérrez and Sutil went on to join Ferrari and Williams respectively as reserve drivers.^[34][35]
• Manor F1 hired former Caterham driver Will Stevens to drive for his first full season in the sport,^[36] while former Caterham test driver Roberto Merhi was signed to a short-term deal.^[37] Former Marussia drivers Max Chilton and Jules Bianchi relinquished their seats, with Chilton joining Nissan Motorsports in the FIA World Endurance Championship,^[38] while Bianchi remained in an indefinite coma as a result of a brain injury suffered in an accident at the 2014 Japanese Grand Prix.^[39][40]
• Kamui Kobayashi left Caterham to race in the Super Formula series in Japan.^[41]

Season calendar

Nations that will host a Grand Prix in 2015 are highlighted in green, with circuit locations marked in black. Former host nations are shown in dark grey, and former host circuits are marked with a white dot.

The following nineteen Grands Prix are currently scheduled to take place in 2015.^[1]

Round	Grand Prix	Circuit	Date
1	Australian Grand Prix	Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit, Melbourne	15 March
2	Malaysian Grand Prix	Sepang International Circuit, Kuala Lumpur	29 March
3	Chinese Grand Prix	Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai	12 April
4	Bahrain Grand Prix	Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir	19 April
5	Spanish Grand Prix	Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Barcelona	10 May
6	Monaco Grand Prix	Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo	24 May
7	Canadian Grand Prix	Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal	7 June
8	Austrian Grand Prix	Red Bull Ring, Spielberg	21 June
9	British Grand Prix	Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone	5 July
10	Hungarian Grand Prix	Hungaroring, Budapest	26 July
11	Belgian Grand Prix	Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot	23 August
12	Italian Grand Prix	Autodromo Nazionale Monza, Monza	6 September
13	Singapore Grand Prix	Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore	20 September
14	Japanese Grand Prix	Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka	27 September
15	Russian Grand Prix	Sochi Autodrom, Sochi	11 October
16	United States Grand Prix	Circuit of the Americas, Austin, Texas	25 October
17	Mexican Grand Prix	Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico City	1 November
18	Brazilian Grand Prix	Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo	15 November
19	Abu Dhabi Grand Prix	Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi	29 November
Sources:[1][42]

Calendar changes

Comparison between the layout of the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez last used by Formula One in 1992 (top), and the proposed layout to be used from 2015 (bottom).

Returning races

• The Mexican Grand Prix is scheduled to return to the Formula One calendar for the first time since 1992. The race is to be held at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez circuit located in the centre of Mexico City, which also was the location of all of the Mexican Grands Prix in previous decades.^[43] The circuit will be substantially reconfigured to accommodate the sport's return.^[44]

Failed race bids

• The Grand Prix of America, originally aimed for a debut in 2013 at the Port Imperial Street Circuit in New Jersey, was again delayed for a third straight year.^[45][46]
• The German Grand Prix was set to return to the Nürburgring, in accordance with the event-sharing agreement established between the Nürburgring and the Hockenheimring in 2008.^[47] The Nürburgring had previously hosted the race in 2013 and so was scheduled to host it again in 2015, but the venue was left off the provisional calendar,^[48] leaving the event-sharing agreement at a stalemate.^[49][50] With both venues unwilling to host the event,^[51][52] the race was ultimately cancelled, leaving the country off the Grand Prix calendar for the first time since 1960.^[42]
• The Indian Grand Prix was cancelled for the second consecutive year following tax disputes between the FIA and the Uttar Pradesh government.^[53]
• The Korean Grand Prix was scheduled to return to the Formula One calendar after being removed in 2014,^[1] but the plan was ultimately abandoned.^[54]

Regulation changes

Technical regulations

• The number of power units that a driver may use in a season was to be reduced from five in 2014 to four in 2015.^[55] However, at the Malaysian Grand Prix weekend teams agreed to increase the limit back to five for the 2015 season pending FIA approval. ^[56]
• The rules regarding engine development that were introduced in 2014 were changed, with the manufacturers allowed to perform half the development permitted in 2014; the development will be halved again in 2016.^[57]
• Following the backlash over "ugly" nose designs in 2014, the FIA moved to amend the rules surrounding nose designs for the 2015 season. Noses are now lower than in 2014, retaining a minimum cross section, but they must taper to a point at a fixed linear rate, effectively outlawing the dramatic finger shapes seen in 2014 in favour of a more gradual shape. Furthermore, the design of the nose must be symmetrical and consistent with the centreline of the car, thereby banning the more exotic designs, such as the "twin-tusk" approach used by Lotus on the E22 chassis.^[58]
• The minimum weight of the cars at all times during an event was increased to 702 kilograms (1,548 lb), an increase of 10 kilograms (22 lb) from 2014.^[1]
• The ban on Front-and-Rear Interconnected suspension systems (FRIC) implemented in the middle of the 2014 season was formalised, with the regulations stating that the front and rear suspension must be designed in such a way that any change in performance must be a direct result of a change in load applied solely to them.^[1]
• The anti-intrusion panels on both sides of the survival cell have been extended upwards to the rim of the cockpit and alongside the driver's head.^[1]
• Following the financial struggles faced by Marussia and Caterham in 2014, the FIA approved the use of 2014-specification chassis in 2015 provided that teams showed cause and received an individual dispensation to compete with their old chassis.^[59] However a request by Manor F1 to use their 2014 car was later rejected by the other teams.^[60][61] Subsequent regulation changes allowed the team to use a modified 2014 chassis which meets current safety and dimensional limits. The car is powered by a 2014 specification Ferrari power unit, with a new chassis to be introduced later in the season.^[9]

Sporting regulations

• The replacement of a complete power unit no longer results in a penalty. Penalties continue to be applied cumulatively for individual components of the power unit, and if such a grid place penalty is imposed and the driver's grid position is such that it cannot be applied in full, the remainder of the penalty is no longer carried over to the next race, but is instead applied in the form of a time penalty during the race corresponding to the number of grid spaces remaining in the penalty.^[1]
• In addition to the existing five-second penalty that may be served during a driver's scheduled pit stop, a new ten-second penalty that has to be served in the same manner, was introduced.^[1]
• If a car is deemed to have been released from its pit stop in an unsafe manner, the driver receives a ten-second stop-and-go penalty. Further penalties are applied if the stewards believe that the driver is aware of this and attempts to drive the car regardless.^[1]
• The qualifying procedure has been further clarified to cater to different sizes of starting grids: if twenty-four cars are entered for the race, seven are eliminated after the each of the first two qualifying segments; if twenty-two are entered, six are eliminated after each qualifying segment and so on if fewer cars are eligible.
• Double points will no longer be awarded at the final event of the championship.^[1]
• In light of a regulation introduced in 2014 dictating that a race can not run for more than four hours and following recommendations from the report into Jules Bianchi's accident the previous season, the start times of five Grands Prix have been moved one hour earlier, so that races do not start with less than four hours until dusk. Thus, the Australian, Malaysia, Chinese, Japanese and Russian Grands Prix will start an hour earlier than in 2014.^[62]
• In the aftermath of Bianchi's accident, a new procedure called Virtual Safety Car (VSC) was introduced following trials during the last three Grands Prix of 2014. The procedure may be initiated when double waved yellow flags are needed on any section of a circuit where competitors and officials may be in danger, but the circumstances are not as such to warrant deployment of the actual safety car. It obliges drivers to reduce their speed to match the one indicated on their displays on their steering wheels.^[1]
• The safety car procedure was amended. Once the last lapped car has passed the leader, the safety car returns to the pits at the end of the following lap. This is a change of the previous practice which required the unlapped cars to have caught up with the back of the pack before the safety car could return to the pits.^[1]
• If a race is suspended (red-flagged), the cars no longer line up on the grid but instead slowly proceed to the pit lane. Pit exit is closed and the first car to arrive in the pit lane proceeds to the exit with the others lining up behind in the order in which they arrive, regardless of race standing or garage location. Severe circumstances may still require cars to stop immediately on track.^[1]
• If any team personnel or team equipment remain on the grid after the fifteen-second signal has been shown before the start of the formation lap, the driver of the car concerned must start the race from the pit lane. If the driver concerned fails to obey this, they receive a ten-second stop-and-go penalty.^[1]
• Drivers are no longer permitted to change the design of their helmet in-season.^[63]
• A new model of safety car was introduced, with the Mercedes-AMG GT replacing the Mercedes-Benz SLS that was brought into service in 2010.^[64]

Season report

Max Verstappen set two records in his first two races: youngest driver to start a race, and youngest driver to score points.

Pre-season

Sauber's early season preparations were disrupted by a series of legal challenges from former Caterham driver Giedo van der Garde, who claimed that the team had reneged on a contract to race that was signed in June 2014.^[65] Van der Garde filed a motion with the Supreme Court of Victoria in Australia in an effort to force the team to replace one of their drivers with him at the opening round in Melbourne,^[66] with the court finding in his favour.^[67] Van der Garde later agreed to not participate in the event, with the driver and team settling the dispute for an undisclosed sum to terminate the contract following the first round.^[68]

McLaren's Fernando Alonso was involved in a pre-season testing accident that saw the two-time World Drivers' Champion hospitalised. McLaren claimed the crash was caused by a sudden gust of wind disrupting the car's downforce, while Alonso insisted the crash was caused by his steering wheel locking up.^[69] On doctor's advice, Alonso elected to sit out the opening round in Australia, prompting the team to replace him with Kevin Magnussen for the race.^[26][70] Alonso was ultimately cleared to race by the second round in Malaysia.^[71]

Championship

In Malaysia, Sebastian Vettel secured Ferrari's first victory since the 2013 Spanish Grand Prix and his since the 2013 Brazilian Grand Prix.

Opening rounds

Mercedes hit the ground running with a 1-2 finish in Australia, resulting in a twenty-eight point lead after just one round, finishing over 30 seconds clear of third place driver Sebastian Vettel, who secured a podium in his first race with Ferrari. Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo finished a lap down in sixth,^[72] prompting the team to continue to press their frustrations with Renault, as they were forced to use its second of four allotted power units for Ricciardo on the very first day of the season.^[73] The team also voiced its displeasure over the progress Renault has made in terms of power, with team principal Christian Horner stating that the Energy F1-2015 is still 100 horsepower (75 kW) down on Mercedes' PU106B Hybrid.^[74] After the race, Red Bull team advisor Helmut Marko suggested that Red Bull may exit Formula One entirely if changes to the regulations are not made to level the field or cut development costs.^[75] Renault countered with their own threat to pull out of Formula One as an engine supplier if its reputation continues to be damaged or is otherwise not profitable to the company.^[76] Mercedes followed up by finishing second and third in Malaysia, while Red Bull continued to struggle, rounding out the top ten a lap down. By the end of the flyaway rounds, Mercedes led the field, having earned 159 points (with Lewis Hamilton acquiring 93 out of 100 possible points), while Red Bull's struggles endured. The team acquired 26 points, enough for a distant fourth, and Ricciardo entered the European stages of the season on his fourth and final permissible power unit with fifteen events remaining on the calendar.

With McLaren's longest continuous testing session lasting twelve laps in Barcelona—a total of 56 kilometres (35 mi), a sixth of a total Grand Prix distance—before running into engine trouble, Honda elected to detune the power units for the opening Grands Prix in an effort to improve reliability and longevity while the manufacturer worked to improve these areas before homologation.^[77] Both cars qualified on the back row, and in the race Kevin Magnussen failed to reach the grid after suffering an abrupt engine failure, while Jenson Button managed to finish the race, albeit two laps behind the leaders in the last classified position.^[72] Alonso took over for Magnussen in Malaysia, however both cars qualified ahead of only the Marussias and eventually retired. The team showed signs of improvement in terms of performance, able to compete with the midfield cars in China and Bahrain, although reliability continued to prove troublesome as Button's car was unable to compete in the latter Grand Prix.

Following a tumultuous pre-season in which they went through a period of administration and were saved by late investment, Manor Marussia arrived in Melbourne with a car that had passed its mandatory crash tests, but had completed no testing.^[78] However, it was discovered that after arrival in Australia and while assembling the cars, their computers had been wiped completely clean of all data in preparation for auction.^[79] Despite the team's efforts, they were unable to solve the oversight and could not participate in the Grand Prix.^[80] The team managed to get the car running and on the racetrack by the second round in Malaysia and were able to set times within 107% of the leading times in practice, giving stewards reasonable grounds to allow the team to race when they failed to do so in qualifying. Merhi was able to finish the race three laps down in 15th, while Stevens did not start. Manor Marussia continued to show signs of consistency, with both cars qualifying within 107%, starting, and finishing both Grands Prix in China and Bahrain. They are one of two teams, the other being McLaren, to return to Europe without a championship point.

Ferrari came into the season seemingly much more competitive, finishing on the podium in the opening race. Returning driver Kimi Räikkönen stated that the SF15-T is "much better" to drive than last year's F14 T.^[81] With Vettel winning comfortably and Räikkönen finishing in fourth despite suffering a tyre failure in Malaysia, Ferrari began to show that they would stand out as "best of the rest" among the other nine teams. They followed this up with a 3-4 finish in China and Räikkönen securing his first podium appearance in Bahrain since rejoining Ferrari the previous season. With 107 points, the team returns to Europe fifty-two points behind Mercedes, and forty-six points ahead of third place Williams.

European rounds

Mercedes arrived at Spain already with a comfortable lead, having amassed a fifty-two point cushion over Ferrari after the first four races. Lewis Hamilton entered having left only 7 points out of a possible 100 on the table, giving him a twenty-seven point lead over teammate Nico Rosberg entering the eight-race European portion of the season.

Results and standings

Grands Prix

Round	Grand Prix	Pole position	Fastest lap	Winning driver	Winning constructor	Report
1	Australian Grand Prix	Lewis Hamilton	Lewis Hamilton	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	Report
2	Malaysian Grand Prix	Lewis Hamilton	Nico Rosberg	Sebastian Vettel	Ferrari	Report
3	Chinese Grand Prix	Lewis Hamilton	Lewis Hamilton	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	Report
4	Bahrain Grand Prix	Lewis Hamilton	Kimi Räikkönen	Lewis Hamilton	Mercedes	Report
5	Spanish Grand Prix					Report
6	Monaco Grand Prix					Report
7	Canadian Grand Prix					Report
8	Austrian Grand Prix					Report
9	British Grand Prix					Report
10	Hungarian Grand Prix					Report
11	Belgian Grand Prix					Report
12	Italian Grand Prix					Report
13	Singapore Grand Prix					Report
14	Japanese Grand Prix					Report
15	Russian Grand Prix					Report
16	United States Grand Prix					Report
17	Mexican Grand Prix					Report
18	Brazilian Grand Prix					Report
19	Abu Dhabi Grand Prix					Report

World Drivers' Championship standings

Points are awarded to the top ten classified finishers using the following structure:

In the event of a tie, a count-back system is used as a tie-breaker, with a driver's best result used to decide the standings.^{[N 1]}

Pos. Driver AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN RUS USA MEX BRA ABU Points 1 Lewis Hamilton 1 2 1 1 93 2 Nico Rosberg 2 3 2 3 66 3 Sebastian Vettel 3 1 3 5 65 4 Kimi Räikkönen Ret 4 4 2 42 5 Felipe Massa 4 6 5 10 31 6 Valtteri Bottas DNS 5 6 4 30 7 Daniel Ricciardo 6 10 9 6 19 8 Felipe Nasr 5 12 8 12 14 9 Romain Grosjean Ret 11 7 7 12 10 Nico Hülkenberg 7 14 Ret 13 6 11 Max Verstappen Ret 7 17† Ret 6 12 Carlos Sainz Jr. 9 8 13 Ret 6 13 Sergio Pérez 10 13 11 8 5 14 Marcus Ericsson 8 Ret 10 14 5 15 Daniil Kvyat DNS 9 Ret 9 4 16 Fernando Alonso Ret 12 11 0 17 Jenson Button 11 Ret 14 DNS 0 18 Roberto Merhi DNP 15 16 17 0 19 Will Stevens DNP DNS 15 16 0 20 Pastor Maldonado         Ret Ret Ret 15 0 —  Kevin Magnussen DNS 0 Pos. Driver AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN RUS USA MEX BRA ABU Points

Key Colour Result Gold Winner Silver 2nd place Bronze 3rd place Green Points finish Blue Non-points finish Non-classified finish (NC) Purple Did not finish (Ret) Red Did not qualify (DNQ) Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ) Black Disqualified (DSQ) White Did not start (DNS) Race cancelled (C) Light blue Practiced only (PO) Friday test driver (TD) (from 2003 onwards) Blank Did not practice (DNP) Excluded (EX) Did not arrive (DNA) Bold - Pole position Italics - Fastest lap

Notes:

• † — Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

World Constructors' Championship standings

Pos. Constructor No. AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN RUS USA MEX BRA ABU Points 1 Mercedes 6 2 3 2 3 159 44 1 2 1 1 2 Ferrari 5 3 1 3 5 107 7 Ret 4 4 2 3 Williams-Mercedes 19 4 6 5 10 61 77 DNS 5 6 4 4 Red Bull-Renault         3 6 10 9 6 23 26 DNS 9 Ret 9 5   Sauber-Ferrari 9 8 Ret 10 14 19 12 5 12 8 12 6 Lotus-Mercedes 8 Ret 11 7 7 12 13 Ret Ret Ret 15 7 Toro Rosso-Renault 33 Ret 7 17† Ret 12 55 9 8 13 Ret 8 Force India-Mercedes         11 10 13 11 8 11 27 7 14 Ret 13 9 McLaren-Honda 14 Ret 12 11 0 20 DNS 22 11 Ret 14 DNS 10 Marussia-Ferrari 28 DNP DNS 15 16 0 98 DNP 15 16 17 Pos. Constructor No. AUS MAL CHN BHR ESP MON CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL ITA SIN JPN RUS USA MEX BRA ABU Points

Key Colour Result Gold Winner Silver 2nd place Bronze 3rd place Green Points finish Blue Non-points finish Non-classified finish (NC) Purple Did not finish (Ret) Red Did not qualify (DNQ) Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ) Black Disqualified (DSQ) White Did not start (DNS) Race cancelled (C) Light blue Practiced only (PO) Friday test driver (TD) (from 2003 onwards) Blank Did not practice (DNP) Excluded (EX) Did not arrive (DNA) Bold - Pole position Italics - Fastest lap

Notes:

• † — Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

Footnotes

References

External links

• Official website
• Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile