2005 in paleontology

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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2005.

Plants

Newly named plants

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Archaeamphora[2]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Li

Early Cretaceous

Jianshangou Formation

 China

The type species is Archaeamphora longicervia

Archaeamphora longicervia

Fothergilla malloryi[3]

sp nov

Valid

Radtke, Pigg, & Wehr

Ypresian

Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington

 USA

Oldest confirmed member of the genus Fothergilla

Corylopsis readae[3]

sp nov

Valid

Radtke, Pigg, & Wehr

Ypresian

Klondike Mountain Formation, Washington

 USA

One of the oldest occurrences of Corylopsis

Protozoa

New taxa

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images
Valid
  • Poinar
Burdigalian Dominican amber, Hispaniola  Dominican Republic Oldest record of the vector association between Triatoma and Trypanosoma

Arthropoda

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acropyga glaesaria[5]

Sp nov

Valid

Lapolla

Burdigalian

Dominican amber, Hispaniola

 Dominican Republic

Oldest record of trophophoresy in ants

Dinokanaga[6]

Ge et sp nov

Valid

Archibald

Ypresian

"Tranquille Shale", British Columbia

 Canada

Six species named D. andersoni, D. dowsonae,
D. hillsi, D. sternbergi, D. webbi, D. wilsoni

Dinokanaga andersoni

Triatoma dominicana[4]

Sp nov

Valid

Poinar

Burdigalian

Dominican amber, Hispaniola

 Dominican Republic

Oldest record of the vector association between Triatoma and Trypanosoma

Xiphosurans

Plesiosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes

Eromangasaurus

Valid

Kear

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[7]

Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images
Appalachiosaurus[8] Valid taxon
  • Carr
  • Williamson
  • Schwimmer
Archaeodontosaurus Valid taxon
  • Eric Buffetaut
Auroraceratops Valid taxon
"Bakesaurus" Nomen nudum
  • Zhou S.
Baurutitan Valid taxon
  • Kellner
  • Campos
  • Trotta
Brachytrachelopan[9] Valid taxon
Buitreraptor[10] Valid taxon
  • Makovicky
  • Apesteguía
  • Agnolín
Cathartesaura Valid taxon
  • Gallina
  • Apesteguía
Changchunsaurus[11] Valid taxon
Chebsaurus[12] Valid taxon
Condorraptor[13] Valid taxon
  • Rauhut
Daanosaurus[14] Valid taxon
  • Ye
  • Gao Y.
  • Jiang
Dalianraptor Valid taxon
  • Gao C.
  • Liu J.

Possibly a misidentified bird.

Dashanpusaurus Valid taxon
Dubreuillosaurus Valid taxon
  • Allain
Falcarius[15] Valid taxon
Ferganocephale[16] Valid taxon
  • Averianov
  • T. Martin
  • Bakirov
Galveosaurus[17] Valid taxon
  • Sánchez-Hernández
"Galvesaurus"

Junior synonym.

Junior synonym of Galveosaurus.

Hagryphus Valid taxon
  • Zanno
  • Sampson
Hexinlusaurus Valid taxon
  • Barrett
  • Butler
  • Knoll
Hungarosaurus[18] Valid taxon
  • Ösi
Jinfengopteryx[19] Valid taxon
Karongasaurus[20] Valid taxon
  • Gomani
Lanzhousaurus Valid taxon
  • You
  • Ji Q.
  • Li D.
"Krzyzanowskisaurus"

Misidentification.

  • Heckert

Valid non-dinosaurian taxon. Possibly a junior synonym of Revueltosaurus.

Nemegtomaia Valid taxon
Neuquenraptor[21] Valid taxon
  • Novas Pol

May be a subjective junior synonym of Unenlagia.

Pedopenna[22] Valid taxon
  • Xu X.
  • Zhang F.
Penelopognathus Valid taxon
  • Godefroit
  • Li H.
  • Shang
Puertasaurus Valid taxon
Shixinggia[23] Valid taxon
  • Zhang B.
Stormbergia Valid taxon
  • Butler
Tanycolagreus[24] Valid taxon
  • Carpenter
  • Miles
  • Cloward
Trigonosaurus Valid taxon
Tyrannotitan[25] Valid taxon
Xinjiangovenator[26] Valid taxon
  • Rauhut
  • Xu X.
"Yunxiansaurus" Nomen nudum
  • Zhou S.

Newly named birds

Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Afrocygnus chauvireae [27]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Antoine Louchart

Patrick Vignaud

Andossa Likius

Hassane Taisso Mackaye

Michel Brunet

Late Miocene

Anthracotheriid Unit

 Chad

An Anatidae, the oldest from Africa.

Aquila nipaloides [28]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Antoine Louchart

Claudia Bedetti

Marco Pavia

Pleistocene

Corsica and Sardinia

 France:

 Corsica;

 Italy:

 Sardinia

An Island Accipitridae.

Chascacocolius cacicirostris [29]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Coliiformes, Chascacocoliidae Zelenkov et Dyke, 2008.

Ciconia louisebolesae [30]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Walter E. Boles

Late Oligocene-Early Miocene

Riversleigh

 Australia:

 Queensland

A Ciconiidae.

Crossvallia unienwillia [31]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Claudia P. Tambussi

Marcelo A. Reguero

Sergio A. Marenssi

Sergio N. Santillana

Late Paleocene

Cross Valley Formation

 Antarctica

A Spheniscidae.

Dalianraptor cuhe [32]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gao Chunling

Liu Jinyuan

Early Cretaceous,

Early Albian

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866. This is the type species of the genus.

Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes [33]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Eocene

MP 8;

Messel pit,

MP 11

 UK:

 England;

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Podargiformes, Fluvioviridavidae Mayr, 2005.

Gallinula disneyi [34]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Walter E. Boles

Oligocene-Miocene

Riversleigh

 Australia:

 Queensland

A Rallidae, in 2011 this species becomes the type species of the new genus Australlus Worthy et Boles, 2011.

Gallirallus vekamatolu [35]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Jeremy J. Kirchman

David W. Steadman

Holocene

‘Eua

 Tonga

A Rallidae.

Hongshanornis longicresta [36]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Zhou Zhonghe

Zhang Fucheng

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

An Ornithuromorphae Chiappe, Ji, Ji et Norell, 1999, Hongshanornithidae O’Connor, Gao et Chiappe, 2010]]. This is the type species of the genus.

Jinfengopteryx elegans [37]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Ji Qiang

Ji Shu’an

Lü Junchang

You Hailu

Chen Wen

Liu Yongqing

Liu Yanxue

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous

Qiaotou Formation

 China

An Avialae Gauthier, 1986.

Limnofregata hasegawai [38]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Storrs L. Olson

Hiroshige Matsuoka

Late Early Eocene

Green River Formation

 USA:

 Wyoming

An Fregatidae, Limnofregatinae Olson, 1977.

Lithoptila abdounensis [39]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Estelle Bourdon

Baâdi Bouya

Mohamed Iarochène

Late Paleocene-Early Eocene

Thanetian

 Morocco

A Prophaethontidae Harrison et Walker, 1976.

Oxyura vantetsi [40]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Trevor H. Worthy

Holocene

Lake Poukawa

 New Zealand

An Anatidae, extinct since the 16th century.

Parvigrus pohli [41]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Oligocene

Pichovet, Vachères, Southern France

 France

A Parvigruidae Mayr, 2005.

Perugyps diazi [42]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Marcelo Stucchi

Steven D. Emslie

Late Miocene-Early Pliocene

Pisco Formation

 Peru

A Cathartidae.

Protocypselomorphus manfredkelleri [43]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Cypselomorphae (Sensu Mayr, 2002).

?Primotrogon pumilio [44]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Trogonidae, In 2009 Mayr creates the new genus Masillatrogon for this species and makes ?Primotrogon pumilio its type species.

Pseudoseisuropsis cuelloi [45]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Santiago Claramunt

Andrès Rinderknecht

Late Pleistocene

Coastal cliffs near Rio de la Plata estuary

 Uruguay

A Furnariidae.

Rallus eivissensis [46]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Miquel McMinn

M. Palmer

Josep A. Alcover

Pleistocene, Holocene

Ibiza

 Spain:

 Ibiza

A Rallidae.

Rhodacanthis forfex [47]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Kauai

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, Drepanidini.

Rhodacanthis litotes [47]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Helen F. James

Storrs L. Olson

Holocene

Oahu

 USA:

 Hawaii

A Fringillidae, Carduelinae, Drepanidini.

Rupelramphastoides knopfi [48]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Gerald Mayr

Early Oligocene

Rupelian

 Germany:

 Baden-Württemberg

A Pici (sensu Simpson and Cracraft, 1981), family incertae sedis (confer Ramphastidae Vigors, 1825)

Struthio kakesiensis [49]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Terry Harrison

Charles P. Msuya

Pliocene

Lower Laetoli Beds

 Tanzania

Known from eggshells

Struthio linxiaensis [50]

Valid

Sp. nov.

Hou Lianhai

Zhou Zhonghe

Zhang Fu-Cheng

Wang Zhao

Late Miocene

Liushu Formation

 China

Transferred to, and made the type species of a new genus Orientornis Wang, 2008.[51]

Vegavis iaai [52]

Valid

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Julia A. Clarke

Claudia P. Tambussi

Jorge L. Noriega

Gregory M. Erickson

Richard A. Ketcham

Late Cretaceous

Middle to Late Maastrichtian

 Antarctica

An ?Anseriformes. This is the type species of the genus.

Newly named pterosaurs

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Bakonydraco[53]

Valid

  • Weishampel
  • Jianu

Upper Cretaceous

Csehbánya Formation

 Hungary

The type species is Bakonydraco galaczi.

Boreopterus[54]

Valid

  • Ji

Lower Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

The type species is Boreopterus cuiae.

Caulkicephalus[55]

Valid

  • Steel
  • Martill
  • Unwin
  • Winch

Early Cretaceous

Wessex Formation

 England

The type species is Caulkicephalus trimicrodon.

Eoazhdarcho[56]

Valid

  • Ji

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

The type species is Eoazhdarcho liaoxiensis.

Eopteranodon[57]

Valid

  • Zhang

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

The type species is Eopteranodon lii.

Feilongus[58]

Valid

  • Wang
  • Kellner
  • Zhou
  • Campos

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

The type species is Feilongus youngi.

Huaxiapterus[59]

Synonym

  • Yuan

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

The type species is Huaxiapterus jii. Huaxiapterus is a junior synonym of Sinopterus[60]

Liaoxipterus[61]

Valid

  • Dong

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

The type species is Liaoxipterus brachyognathus.

Nurhachius[58]

Valid

  • Wang
  • Kellner
  • Zhou
  • Campos

Early Cretaceous

Jiufotang Formation

 China

The type species is Nurhachius ignaciobritoi.

Paranurognathus

Synonym

  • Peters

The type species is Paranurognathus tischlingeri. Paranurognathus is a junior synonym of Anurognathus.

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Irajatherium[62]

Valid

  • Martinelli
  • Bonaparte
  • Schultz
  • Rubert

Upper Triassic

Caturrita Formation

 Brazil

The type species is Irajatherium hernadezi.

Madysaurus[63]

Valid

  • Tatarinov

Triassic

Magygen Formation

 Kyrgyzstan

The type species is Madysaurus sharovi.

Putillosaurus[64]

Valid

  • Surkov

Lower Triassic

 Russia

The type specie is Putillosaurus sennikovi.

Footnotes

Complete author list

As science becomes more collaborative, papers with large numbers of authors are becoming more common. To prevent the deformation of the tables, these footnotes list the contributors to papers that erect new genera and have many authors.

  1. You, Li D., Ji Q., Lamanna, Peter Dodson.
  2. Rauhut, Remes, Fechner, Cladera, Puerta.
  3. Zan, Chen J., Jin L., Li T.
  4. Mahammed, Läng, Mami, Mekahli, Benhamou, Bouterfa, Kacemi, Chérief, Chaouti, Philippe Taquet.
  5. Peng G., Ye, Gao Y., Shu, Jiang.
  6. Barco, Canudo, Cuenca-Bescós, Ruíz-Omeñaca.
  7. Ji Q., Ji S., Lü, You, Chen W., Liu Y. Q., Liu Y. X.
  8. Lü, Tomida, Azuma, Dong Zhiming, Lee.
  9. Novas, Salgado, Calvo, Agnolin.
  10. Campos, Kellner, Reinaldo Jose Bertini, Santucci.
  11. Novas, de Valais, Patricia Vickers-Rich, Timothy H. Rich.

References

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  2. Li, H. (2005). "Early Cretaceous sarraceniacean-like pitcher plants from China". Acta Bot. Gallica 152 (2): 227–234. doi:10.1080/12538078.2005.10515473.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Radtke, M.G.; Pigg, K.B.; Wehr, W.C. (2005). "Fossil Corylopsis and Fothergilla Leaves (Hamamelidaceae) from the Lower Eocene Flora of Republic, Washington, U.S.A., and Their Evolutionary and Biogeographic Significance". International Journal of Plant Sciences 166 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1086/427483.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Poinar, G. (2005). "Triatoma dominicana sp. n. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), and Trypanosoma antiquus sp. n. (Stercoraria: Trypanosomatidae), the First Fossil Evidence of a Triatomine-Trypanosomatid Vector Association". Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 5 (1): 72–81. doi:10.1089/vbz.2005.5.72. PMID 15815152.
  5. LaPolla, J. S. (2005). "Ancient Trophophoresy: A Fossil Acropyga (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Dominican Amber". Transactions of the American Entomological Society 131 (1/2): 21–28. JSTOR 25078875.
  6. Archibald, S.B. (2005). "New Dinopanorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Eocene Okanogan Highlands (British Columbia, Canada and Washington State, USA)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42 (2): 119–136. doi:10.1139/e04-073.
  7. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  8. Carr T.D., Williamson T.E., Schwimmer D.R. (2005). "A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (Middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (1): 119–143. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0119:ANGASO]2.0.CO;2.
  9. Rauhut O.W.M., Remes K., Fechner R., Cladera G., Puerta P. (2005). "Discovery of a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Patagonia". Nature 435 (2): 670–672. doi:10.1038/nature03623. PMID 15931221.
  10. Makovicky P.J., Apesteguia S., Agnolin F.L. (2005). "The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America". Nature 437 (7061): 1007–1011. doi:10.1038/nature03996. PMID 16222297.
  11. Zan S.-Q., Chen J., Jin L.-Y., Li T. (2005). "A primitive ornithopod from the Early Cretaceous Quantou Formation of central Jilin, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 43: 182–193.
  12. Mahammed, F., E. Läng, L. Mami, L. Mekahl, M. Benhamou, B. Bouterfa, A. Kacemi, S.-A. Chérief, H. Chaouati, and P. Taquet. 2005. The ‘Giant of sour’, a Middle Jurassic sauropod dinosaur from Algeria. Systematic Palaeontology (Vertebrate Palaeontology) Paleovol/Elsevier.
  13. Rauhut O.W.M. (2005). "Osteology and relationships of a new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Patagonia". Palaeontology 48 (1): 87–110. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00436.x.
  14. Ye Y., Jiang S. (2005). "A new genus of sauropod from Zigong, Sichuan". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 43: 175–181.
  15. Kirkland J I., Zanno L.E., Sampson S.D., Clark J.M., DeBileux D.D. (2005). "A primitive therizinosauroid dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah". Nature 435 (7038): 84–87. doi:10.1038/nature03468. PMID 15875020.
  16. Averianov A.O. T. Martin, Bakirov A.A. (2005). "Pterosaur and dinosaur remains from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the northern Fergana depression, Kyrgystan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology 48 (1): 135–155. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00437.x.
  17. Sánchez-Hernández, B (2005). "Galveosaurus herreroi, a new sauropod dinosaur from Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Tithonian-Berriasian) of Spain". Zootaxa 1034: 1–20.
  18. Osi, A (2005). "Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (2): 370–383. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0370:htanad]2.0.co;2.
  19. Ji, Q., S. Ji, J. Lu, H. You, W. Chen, and Y. Liu. 2005. First avialian bird from China. Geological Bulletin of China 24 (3): pp. 197-209.
  20. Gomani, E.M. 2005. Sauropod dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of Malawi, Africa: Palaeontologia Electronica 8 (issue 1 - n. 27a): 37 pages.
  21. Novas F.E., Pott D. (2005). "New evidence on deinonychosaurian dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Nature 433 (7028): 858–861. doi:10.1038/nature03285. PMID 15729340.
  22. Xu, X., and F. Zhang. 2005. A new maniraptoran dinosaur from China with long feathers on the metatarsus" Naturwissenschaften 92: pp. 173-177Xu, X.
  23. Lu, J. and B.-K. Zhang. 2005. A new oviraptorid (Theropod: Oviraptosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province of southern China. Online document (Chinese Extinct Organism Net: http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=zh- CN&u=http://www.dinosaur.net.cn/_Dino_News_2 005/dino20050110.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3DS hixinggia%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF- 8
  24. Carpenter, K., C. Miles and K. Cloward. 2005. New small theropod from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming. In: the carnivorous dinosaurs (K. Carpenter, ed.). Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IA: pp. 23-48.
  25. Novas FE, de Valais S, Vickers-Rich P, Rich T (May 2005). "A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids". Naturwissenschaften 92 (5): 226–30. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0623-3. PMID 15834691.
  26. Rauhut O.W.M., Xu X. (2005). "The small theropod dinosaurs Tugulusaurus and Phaedrolosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Xinjiang, China". J. Vert. Paleontol 25 (1): 107–118. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0107:TSTDTA]2.0.CO;2.
  27. Antoine Louchart, Patrick Vignaud, Andossa Likius, Hassane Taisso Mackaye & Michel Brunet (2005). "A New Swan (Aves: Anatidae) in Africa, from the Latest Miocene of Chad and Libya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 (2): 384–392. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0384:ansaai]2.0.co;2.
  28. Antoine Louchart, Claudia Bedetti & Marco Pavia (2005). "A New Species of Eagle (Aves: Accipitridae) Close to the Steppe Eagle, from Pleistocene of Corsica and Sardinia, France and Italy". Palaeontolgraphica Abteilung A 272 (5-6): 121–148.
  29. Gerald Mayr (2005). "A New Eocene Chascacocolius-like Mousebird (Aves: Coliiformes) with a Remarkable Gaping Adaptation" (PDF). Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5: 167–171. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2004.10.013.
  30. Walter E. Boles (2005). "A Review of the Australian Fossil Storks of the Genus Ciconia (Aves: Ciconiidae), with the Description of a New Species" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum 57: 165–178. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1440.
  31. Claudia P. Tambussi & Marcelo A. Reguero, Sergio A. Marenssi & Sergio N. Santillana (2005). "Crossvallia unienwillia, a New Sphenicidae (Sphenisciformes, Aves) from the Late Paleocene of Antarctica". Geobios 38 (5): 667–675. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2004.02.003.
  32. Gao Chunling & Liu Jinyuan (2005). "A new avian taxon from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning". Global Geology 24 (4): 313–316.
  33. Gerald Mayr (2005). "A Fluvioviridavis-like Bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42 (11): 2021–2037. doi:10.1139/e05-060.
  34. Walter E. Boles (2005). "A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum 57: 179–190. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441.
  35. Jeremy J. Kirchman & David W. Steadman (2005). "Rails (Aves: Rallidae: Gallirallus) from Prehistoric Sites in the Kingdom of Tonga, Including a Description of a New Species". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 118 (2): 465–477. doi:10.2988/0006-324x(2005)118[465:rargfp]2.0.co;2.
  36. Zhou, Zhou Zhonghe & Zhang Fucheng (2005). "Discovery of an ornithurine bird and its implication for Early Cretaceous avian radiation" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102 (52): 18998–19002. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507106102. PMC 1323170. PMID 16344487.
  37. Ji Qiang, Ji Shu’an, Lü Junchang, You Hailu, Chen Wen, Liu Yongqing & Liu Yanxue (2005). "First Avialian Bird from China (Jinfengopteryx elegans gen. et sp. nov.)". Geological Bulletin of China 24 (3): 197–209.
  38. Storrs L. Olson & Hiroshige Matsuoka (2005). "New Specimens of the Early Eocene Frigatbird Limnofregata (Pelecaniformes: Fregatidae), with the Description of a New Species" (PDF). Zootaxa 1046: 1–15.
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