1st Canadian Parliament
| 1st Parliament of Canada | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Majority parliament | |||
| September 24, 1867 – July 8, 1872 | |||
| Parliament leaders | |||
| Prime Minister |
Rt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald (1st Canadian Ministry) July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 | ||
| Party standings in the House | |||
| Government | Conservative Party | ||
| Opposition | Liberal Party | ||
| Third Party | Liberal-Conservative | ||
| Fourth Party | Independent Conservative | ||
| Fifth Party | Nationalist Liberal | ||
| House of Commons | |||
 Seating arrangements of the House of Commons | |||
| Speaker of the Commons |
Hon. James Cockburn November 6, 1867 – March 25, 1874 | ||
| Members |
180 seats MP seats List of members | ||
| Senate | |||
| Speaker of the Senate |
The Hon. Joseph Edouard Cauchon November 5, 1867 – May 16, 1869 | ||
| Government Senate Leader |
Alexander Campbell July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 | ||
| Opposition Senate Leader |
Luc Letellier de St-Just July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 | ||
| Senators |
72 seats senator seats List of senators | ||
| Sessions | |||
|
1st Session November 6, 1867 – May 22, 1868 | |||
|
2nd Session April 15, 1869 – June 22, 1869 | |||
|
3rd Session February 15, 1870 – May 12, 1870 | |||
|
4th Session February 15, 1871 – April 14, 1871 | |||
|
5th Session April 11, 1872 – June 14, 1872 | |||
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The 1st Canadian Parliament was in session from November 6, 1867 until July 8, 1872. The membership was set by the 1867 federal election from August 7 to September 20, 1867. It was prorogued prior to the 1872 election.
It was controlled by a majority coalition between the Conservative Party and the Liberal-Conservative Party under Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald and the 1st Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Liberal Party, led by Edward Blake from 1869 to 1871, followed by a vacancy in the Liberal leadership.
The Speaker was James Cockburn. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1867-1871 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.
Major bills and motions
On December 10, 1867, Finance minister John Rose moved the House to a committee of supply. Prime Minister Macdonald seconded.[1]
Members of Parliament
Following is a full list of members of the first parliament by province. Cabinet members are bolded.
Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.
Nova Scotia
| Electoral district | Name | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annapolis | William Hallett Ray | Anti-Confederate then Liberal1 | ||
| Antigonish | Hugh McDonald | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Cape Breton | James Charles McKeagney | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Colchester | Archibald McLelan to June 21, 1869 (appointed to Senate) | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Adams George Archibald from September 9, 1869 to May 19, 1870 (named Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories) |
Liberal-Conservative | |||
| Frederick M. Pearson from November 8, 1870 | Liberal | |||
| Cumberland | Charles Tupper | Conservative | ||
| Digby | Alfred William Savary | Anti-Confederate then Conservative1 | ||
| Guysborough | Stewart Campbell | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Halifax* | Alfred Gilpin Jones | Anti-Confederate then Independent | ||
| Patrick Power | Anti-Confederate then Liberal1 | |||
| Hants | Joseph Howe | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Inverness | Hugh Cameron | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Kings | William Henry Chipman to April 9, 1870 (death) | Anti-Confederate then Liberal1 | ||
| Leverett de Veber Chipman from June 23, 1870 | Liberal | |||
| Lunenburg | Edmund Mortimer McDonald | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Pictou | James William Carmichael | Anti-Confederate then Liberal1 | ||
| Queens | James Fraser Forbes | Anti-Confederate then Liberal1 | ||
| Richmond | William Croke to March 11, 1869 (death) | Anti-Confederate then Conservative1 | ||
| Isaac Le Vesconte from April 20, 1869 | Conservative1 | |||
| Shelburne | Thomas Coffin | Anti-Confederate then Liberal-Conservative1 | ||
| Victoria | William Ross | Anti-Confederate then Liberal1 | ||
| Yarmouth | Thomas Killam to December 15, 1868 (death) | Anti-Confederate | ||
| Frank Killam from April 20, 1869 | Liberal | |||
Note:
1 – The Anti-Confederate Party dissolved after failing to secure Nova Scotia's secession from Confederation. In 1869 its members joined other parties, or in one case sat as an independent.
New Brunswick
| Electoral district | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albert | John Wallace | Liberal | |
| Carleton | Charles Connell | Liberal | |
| Charlotte | John Bolton | Liberal | |
| City and County of Saint John | John Hamilton Gray | Conservative | |
| City of Saint John | Samuel Leonard Tilley | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Gloucester | Timothy Warren Anglin | Liberal | |
| Kent | Auguste Renaud | Liberal | |
| King's | George Ryan | Liberal | |
| Northumberland | John Mercer Johnson to September 8, 1868 (death) | Liberal | |
| Richard Hutchison from December 24, 1868 | Liberal | ||
| Queen's | John Ferris | Liberal | |
| Restigouche | John McMillan to February 15, 1868 (appointed Inspector of Post Offices) | Liberal | |
| William Murray Caldwell from March 13, 1868 to September 29, 1870 (death) | Liberal | ||
| George Moffat from November 29, 1870 | Conservative | ||
| Sunbury | Charles Burpee | Liberal | |
| Victoria | John Costigan | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Westmorland | Albert James Smith | Liberal | |
| York | Charles Fisher to October 3, 1868 (appointed to the Supreme Court of New Brunswick) | Liberal | |
| John Pickard from October 28, 1868 | Independent Liberal | ||
Quebec
| Electoral district | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argenteuil | John Abbott | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Bagot | Pierre-Samuel Gendron | Conservative | |
| Beauce | Christian Pozer | Liberal | |
| Beauharnois | Michael Cayley | Conservative | |
| Bellechasse | Louis Napoléon Casault to May 26, 1870 (appointed to Superior Court of Quebec) | Conservative | |
| Télesphore Fournier from August 15, 1870 | Liberal | ||
| Berthier | Anselme Pâquet | Liberal | |
| Bonaventure | Théodore Robitaille | Conservative | |
| Brome | Christopher Dunkin4 to October 24, 1871 (appointed to Superior Court of Quebec) | Conservative | |
| Edward Carter from November 17, 1871 | Conservative | ||
| Chambly | Pierre Benoit | Conservative | |
| Champlain | John Jones Ross | Conservative | |
| Charlevoix | Simon Xavier Cimon | Conservative | |
| Châteauguay | Luther Holton | Liberal | |
| Chicoutimi—Saguenay | Pierre Alexis Tremblay | Liberal | |
| Compton | John Henry Pope5 | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Dorchester | Hector-Louis Langevin | Conservative | |
| Drummond—Arthabaska | Louis Adélard Sénécal | Conservative | |
| Gaspé | Pierre Fortin | Conservative | |
| Hochelaga | Antoine Dorion | Liberal | |
| Huntingdon | John Rose2 to September 30, 1869 (appointed to Senate) | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Julius Scriver from October 30, 1869 | Liberal | ||
| Iberville | François Béchard | Liberal | |
| Jacques Cartier | Guillaume Gaucher | Conservative | |
| Joliette | François Benjamin Godin | Liberal | |
| Kamouraska | no election in 1867 due to rioting | ||
| Charles Pelletier from February 17, 1869 | Liberal | ||
| Laprairie | Alfred Pinsonneault | Conservative | |
| L'Assomption | Louis Archambeault | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Laval | Joseph Bellerose | Conservative | |
| Lévis | Joseph Blanchet | Liberal-Conservative | |
| L'Islet | Barthélemy Pouliot3 | Conservative | |
| Lotbinière | Henri Joly De Lotbinière | Liberal | |
| Maskinongé | George Caron | Conservative | |
| Mégantic | George Irvine | Conservative | |
| Missisquoi | Brown Chamberlin to June 6, 1870 (resigned to become Queen's Printer) | Conservative | |
| George Baker from July 5, 1870 | Liberal-Conservative | ||
| Montcalm | Joseph Dufresne to July 13, 1871 (resigned) | Conservative | |
| Firmin Dugas from September 15, 1871 | Conservative | ||
| Montmagny | Joseph-Octave Beaubien | Conservative | |
| Montmorency | Joseph Cauchon to November 1, 1867 | Conservative | |
| Jean Langlois from December 11, 1867 | Conservative | ||
| Montreal Centre | Thomas Workman | Liberal | |
| Montreal East | George-Étienne Cartier | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Montreal West | Thomas D'Arcy McGee to April 7, 1868 (assassinated) | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Michael Patrick Ryan from April 20, 1868 | Liberal-Conservative | ||
| Napierville | Sixte Coupal dit la Reine | Liberal | |
| Nicolet | Joseph Gaudet | Conservative | |
| Ottawa (County of) | Alonzo Wright | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Pontiac | Edmund Heath | Conservative | |
| Portneuf | Jean Brousseau | Conservative | |
| Quebec-Centre | Georges-Honoré Simard | Conservative | |
| Quebec County | Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau | Conservative | |
| Quebec East | Pierre Huot to June 14, 1870 (resigned to become Postmaster of Quebec) | Liberal | |
| Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau from July 18, 1870 | Conservative | ||
| Quebec West | Thomas McGreevy | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Richelieu | Thomas McCarthy to September 23, 1870 (death) | Conservative | |
| Georges Isidore Barthe from November 18, 1870 | Independent Conservative | ||
| Richmond—Wolfe | William Hoste Webb | Conservative | |
| Rimouski | George Sylvain | Conservative | |
| Rouville | Guillaume Cheval dit St-Jacques | Liberal | |
| Saint Maurice | Louis Léon Lesieur Desaulniers to September 29, 1868 (resigned) | Conservative | |
| Élie Lacerte from October 30, 1868 | Conservative | ||
| Shefford | Lucius Huntington | Liberal | |
| Sherbrooke (Town of) | Alexander Galt | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Soulanges | Luc Masson | Conservative | |
| St. Hyacinthe | Alexandre Kierzkowski to August 4, 1870 (death) | Liberal | |
| Louis Delorme from September 1, 1870 | Liberal | ||
| St. John's | François Bourassa | Liberal | |
| Stanstead | Charles Colby | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Témiscouata | Charles Bertrand | Conservative | |
| Terrebonne | Louis Masson | Conservative | |
| Three Rivers | Louis Boucher De Niverville to September 30, 1868 (resigned) | Conservative | |
| William McDougall from October 17, 1868 | Conservative | ||
| Two Mountains | Jean-Baptiste Daoust | Conservative | |
| Vaudreuil | Donald McMillan | Conservative | |
| Verchères | Félix Geoffrion | Liberal | |
| Yamaska | Moïse Fortier | Liberal | |
Four Quebec members recontested their seats in byelections, and were re-elected:
2 – John Rose was reelected in Huntingdon on November 28, 1867, after being named Minister of Finance.
3 – Barthélemy Pouliot was unseated on petition, but was reelected in L'Islet on July 14, 1869.
4 – Christopher Dunkin was reelected in Brome on November 29, 1869, after being named Minister of Agriculture.
5 – John Henry Pope was reelected in Compton on November 11, 1871, after being named Minister of Agriculture following Dunkin's resignation from Parliament.
Ontario
Note:
6 – One Ontario MP, Alexander Morris, recontested his seat in a byelection. He was reelected in Lanark South on November 29, 1869, after being appointed Minister of Inland Revenue.
Manitoba
Manitoba joined Confederation in 1870. Byelections to choose Manitoba's representatives were held on March 2 and March 3, 1871.
| Electoral district | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lisgar | John Christian Schultz from March 2, 1871 | Conservative | |
| Marquette* (both candidates declared elected due to a tie) |
James S. Lynch from March 2, 1871 | Liberal | |
| Angus McKay from March 2, 1871 | Conservative | ||
| Selkirk | Donald Alexander Smith from March 2, 1871 | Independent Conservative | |
| Provencher | Pierre Delorme from March 3, 1871 | Conservative | |
British Columbia
British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871. Byelections to choose the province's representatives were held in November and December of that year.
| Electoral district | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cariboo District | Joshua Spencer Thompson from December 19, 1871 | Liberal-Conservative | |
| New Westminster District | Hugh Nelson from December 13, 1871 | Liberal-Conservative | |
| Vancouver | Robert Wallace from December 15, 1871 | Conservative | |
| Victoria* | Amor De Cosmos from November 24, 1871 | Liberal | |
| Henry Nathan, Jr. from November 24, 1871 | Liberal | ||
| Yale District | Charles Frederick Houghton from December 19, 1871 | Liberal | |
References
- Government of Canada. "1st Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
- Government of Canada. "1st Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
- Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
- Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
- Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
- Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
- Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
- Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Retrieved 2006-05-12.
- ↑ "The Great Coalition" (PDF). Paul G. Cornell. Retrieved 2012-05-19.
External links
- Seating plan for the House of Commons, 1867
- 1867 Orders-in-Council
- 1868 Orders-in-Council
- 1869 Orders-in-Council
- 1870 Orders-in-Council
- 1871 Orders-in-Council
- 1872 Orders-in-Council
- 1873 Orders-in-Council
Pre-Confederation predecessors
| Colony | Assembly |
|---|---|
| Province of Canada | 8th Parliament |
| Nova Scotia | 22nd General Assembly |
| New Brunswick | 21st Legislative Assembly |
By-elections
Main article: By-elections to the 1st Canadian Parliament
| By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yale District | December 19, 1871 | New seat | Charles Frederick Houghton | Liberal | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| Cariboo | December 19, 1871 | New seat | Joshua Spencer Thompson | Liberal-Conservative | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| Vancouver Island | December 15, 1871 | New seat | Robert Wallace | Conservative | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| New Westminster | December 13, 1871 | New seat | Hugh Nelson | Liberal-Conservative | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| Victoria | November 24, 1871 | New seat | Henry Nathan, Jr. and Amor De Cosmos | Liberal | New riding as a result of British Columbia joining Confederation. Two MPs elected | NA | |||
| Brome | November 17, 1871 | Christopher Dunkin | Conservative | Edward Carter | Conservative | Appointed to the Superior Court of Quebec | Yes | ||
| Compton | November 11, 1871 | John Henry Pope | Conservative | John Henry Pope | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Agriculture | Yes | ||
| Montcalm | September 15, 1871 | Joseph Dufresne | Conservative | Firmin Dugas | Conservative | Appointed Sheriff of the County of St. John | Yes | ||
| Algoma | June 30, 1871 | Wemyss Mackenzie Simpson | Conservative | Frederick William Cumberland | Conservative | Appointed Indian Commissioner for the North | Yes | ||
| Hastings East | March 20, 1871 | Robert Read | Conservative | John White | Conservative | Called to the Senate | Yes | ||
| Provencher | March 3, 1871 | New seat | Pierre Delorme | Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| Selkirk | March 2, 1871 | New seat | Donald Alexander Smith | Independent Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| Lisgar | March 2, 1871 | New seat | John Christian Schultz | Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. | NA | |||
| Marquette | March 2, 1871 | New seat | James S. Lynch and Angus McKay | Liberal and Conservative | New riding as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation. Two MPs elected due to a tie. | NA | |||
| Restigouche | November 29, 1870 | William Murray Caldwell | Liberal | George Moffat, Sr. | Conservative | Appointed Inspector of Post Offices in New Brunswick | No | ||
| Richelieu | November 18, 1870 | Thomas McCarthy | Conservative | Georges Isidore Barthe | Independent Conservative | Death | No | ||
| Colchester | November 8, 1870 | Adams George Archibald | Liberal-Conservative | Frederick M. Pearson | Liberal | Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories | No | ||
| St. Hyacinthe | September 1, 1870 | Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski | Liberal | Louis Delorme | Liberal | Death | Yes | ||
| Bellechasse | August 15, 1870 | Louis-Napoléon Casault | Conservative | Télesphore Fournier | Liberal | Appointed to Superior Court of Quebec | No | ||
| Quebec East | July 18, 1870 | Pierre-Gabriel Huot | Liberal | Adolphe Guillet dit Tourangeau | Conservative | Appointed Postmaster at Quebec | No | ||
| Missisquoi | July 5, 1870 | Brown Chamberlin | Conservative | George Barnard Baker | Liberal-Conservative | Appointed Queen's Printer | Yes | ||
| Kings | June 23, 1870 | William Henry Chipman | Anti-Confederate | Leverett de Veber Chipman | Liberal | Death | No | ||
| Cumberland | June 15, 1870 | Charles Tupper | Conservative | Charles Tupper | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as President of the Privy Council | Yes | ||
| Frontenac | April 27, 1870 | Thomas Kirkpatrick | Conservative | George Airey Kirkpatrick | Conservative | Death | Yes | ||
| Brome | November 29, 1869 | Christopher Dunkin | Conservative | Christopher Dunkin | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Agriculture | Yes | ||
| Lanark South | November 29, 1869 | Alexander Morris | Conservative | Alexander Morris | Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Inland Revenue | Yes | ||
| Renfrew South | November 29, 1869 | Daniel McLachlin | Liberal | John Lorn McDougall | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
| Renfrew North | November 13, 1869 | John Rankin | Liberal-Conservative | Francis Hincks | Conservative | Resignation to provide a seat for Hincks | Yes | ||
| Huntingdon | October 30, 1869 | John Rose | Liberal-Conservative | Julius Scriver | Liberal | Resignation to move to London where he acted as the Prime Minister's unofficial representative to the UK. | No | ||
| Colchester | September 9, 1869 | Archibald McLelan | Anti-Confederate | Adams George Archibald | Liberal-Conservative | Called to the Senate | No | ||
| L'Islet | July 14, 1869 | Barthélemy Pouliot | Conservative | Barthélemy Pouliot | Conservative | Election annulled | Yes | ||
| Wellington Centre | July 12, 1869 | Thomas Sutherland Parker | Liberal | James Ross | Liberal | Death | Yes | ||
| Hants | April 24, 1869 | Joseph Howe | Anti-Confederate | Joseph Howe | Liberal-Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as President of the Privy Council | No | ||
| Yarmouth | April 20, 1869 | Thomas Killam | Anti-Confederate | Frank Killam | Liberal | Death | No | ||
| Richmond | April 20, 1869 | William Joseph Croke | Anti-Confederate | Isaac LeVesconte | Conservative | Death | No | ||
| Kamouraska | February 17, 1869 | Vacant | Charles Alphonse Pantaléon Pelletier | Liberal | No election held in 1867 due to riots | NA | |||
| Northumberland | December 24, 1868 | John Mercer Johnson | Liberal | Richard Hutchison | Liberal | Death | Yes | ||
| Saint Maurice | October 30, 1868 | Louis-Léon Lesieur Desaulniers | Conservative | Élie Lacerte | Conservative | Appointed inspector of prisons and asylums in Quebec | Yes | ||
| York | October 28, 1868 | Charles Fisher | Liberal | John Pickard | Independent Liberal | Appointed to New Brunswick Supreme Court | No | ||
| Three Rivers | October 17, 1868 | Louis-Charles Boucher de Niverville | Conservative | William McDougall | Conservative | Appointed sheriff for the district of Trois-Rivières | Yes | ||
| York West | August 14, 1868 | William Pearce Howland | Liberal-Conservative | Amos Wright | Liberal | Appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario | No | ||
| Montreal West | April 20, 1868 | Thomas D'Arcy McGee | Liberal-Conservative | Michael Patrick Ryan | Liberal-Conservative | Death (assassinated) | Yes | ||
| Lincoln | April 13, 1868 | James Rea Benson | Liberal-Conservative | Thomas Rodman Merritt | Liberal | Called to the Senate | No | ||
| Restigouche | March 13, 1868 | John McMillan | Liberal | William Murray Caldwell | Liberal | Appointed Inspector of Post Offices in New Brunswick | Yes | ||
| Montmorency | December 11, 1867 | Joseph Cauchon | Conservative | Jean Langlois | Conservative | Called to the Senate | Yes | ||
| Huntingdon | November 28, 1867 | John Rose | Liberal-Conservative | John Rose | Liberal-Conservative | Recontested upon appointment as Minister of Finance | Yes | ||
Post-Confederation succession
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