1996 Tour de France
 | |||
| Route of the 1996 Tour de France | |||
| Race details | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | 29 June – 21 July 1996 | ||
| Stages | 21+Prologue | ||
| Distance | 3,895.4 km (2,420 mi) | ||
| Winning time | 95h 57' 16"[1] (40.697 km/h or 25.288 mph) | ||
| Palmares | |||
 |
Winner |  Bjarne Riis ‡ (Denmark) |
(Team Telekom) |
| Second |  Jan Ullrich (Germany) |
(Team Telekom) | |
| Third |  Richard Virenque (France) |
(Festina) | |
 |
Points | Erik Zabel ‡ (Germany) |
(Team Telekom) |
 |
Mountains | Richard Virenque (France) |
(Festina) |
| Youth | Jan Ullrich (Germany) |
(Team Telekom) | |
| Team | Festina | ||
The 1996 Tour de France was the 83rd Tour de France, starting on 29 June and ending on 21 July, featuring 19 regular stages, 2 individual time trials, a prologue and a rest day (10 July).
This Tour was noted by the "fall" of favorite Miguel Indurain, ending his record run of five consecutive victories. The course included a stage through his home town Villava, however he suffered a bronchitis because of the poor weather in the first week, and was fined and penalised for accepting drinks illegally.[2] Indurain started to lose time in stage 7, and finally ended 11th failing to win a single stage or spend one day in the yellow jersey.
Stage 9 was scheduled to be a 176 kilometer ride from Val-d'Isère to Sestriere. However, due to appalling weather conditions, including snow, the organizers cut the stage to just 46 km. Bjarne Riis won the stage and opened a crucial 44 second gap over Jan Ullrich. Ullrich, only 22, really broke through in this Tour, and won the individual time trial of stage 20.
Several riders with Team Telekom have confessed to doping offences around the period of the 1996 tour, including support riders Rolf Aldag, Udo Bölts, Christian Henn[3] and Brian Holm and team masseur Jef d'Hont has admitted in his autobiography that there was organised use of EPO in the team.[4] On 24 May 2007, Erik Zabel admitted to using EPO during the first week of the race. The winner of the Tour, Bjarne Riis, admitted on 25 May 2007 that he also used EPO during the Tour, as a result he has been asked by the International Cyling Union (UCI) to return the yellow jersey he received.[5][6] So far, runner-up Jan Ullrich, who has been under suspicion of doping as a part of the Operación Puerto doping case, has not commented on allegations that he also used EPO. Third place Richard Virenque and fourth place Laurent Dufaux were implicated in the 1998 Festina scandal.
Although UCI lawyer Philippe Verbiest has stated that the statute of limitations for removing Riis as winner of the Tour de France has expired, "you cannot strip him of the title but it possible not to mention it anymore ... Because of what he admitted, he is not the winner of the Tour de France. Riis did not win." Tour spokesman Philippe Sudres also stated that: "We consider philosophically that he can no longer claim to have won.".[7] In 2007, Riis' victory was removed from the Tour de France,[8] but the following year they listed Bjarne Riis again as winner of Tour de France 1996, albeit with a remark about his confession.[9]
Participants
The 18 teams on top of the UCI rankings at the start of 1996 were automatically invited for the Tour. These were:[10]
|
Four wildcards were given, for a total of 22 teams:[11]
- Kelme-Artiach
- Brescialat
- Agrigel-La Creuse
- Aubervilliers 93
Stages
| Stage | Date | Route | Terrain | Length | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | 29 June | 's-Hertogenbosch |  Individual time trial | 9.4 km (5.8 mi) |  Alex Zülle (SUI) |
| 1 | 30 June | 's-Hertogenbosch – 's-Hertogenbosch |  Plain stage | 209.0 km (129.9 mi) | Frédéric Moncassin (FRA) |
| 2 | 1 July | 's-Hertogenbosch – Wasquehal | Plain stage | 247.5 km (153.8 mi) |  Mario Cipollini (ITA) |
| 3 | 2 July | Wasquehal – Nogent-sur-Oise | Plain stage | 195.0 km (121.2 mi) | Erik Zabel (GER) |
| 4 | 3 July | Soissons – Lac de Madine | Plain stage | 232.0 km (144.2 mi) | Cyril Saugrain (FRA) |
| 5 | 4 July | Lac de Madine – Besançon | Plain stage | 242.0 km (150.4 mi) |  Jeroen Blijlevens (NED) |
| 6 | 5 July | Arc-et-Senans – Aix-les-Bains |  Hilly stage | 207.0 km (128.6 mi) | Michael Boogerd (NED) |
| 7 | 6 July | Chambéry – Les Arcs |  Stage with mountain(s) | 200.0 km (124.3 mi) | Luc Leblanc (FRA) |
| 8 | 7 July | Bourg-Saint-Maurice – Val d'Isère | Individual time trial | 30.5 km (19.0 mi) |  Evgueni Berzin (RUS) |
| 9 | 8 July | Le Monêtier-les-Bains – Sestrières | Stage with mountain(s) | 46.0 km (28.6 mi) | Bjarne Riis (DEN) |
| 10 | 9 July | Turin – Gap | Hilly stage | 208.5 km (129.6 mi) | Erik Zabel (GER) |
| 11 | 11 July | Gap – Valence | Hilly stage | 202.0 km (125.5 mi) |  José Jaime Gonzalez (COL) |
| 12 | 12 July | Valence – Le Puy-en-Velay | Hilly stage | 143.5 km (89.2 mi) | Pascal Richard (SUI) |
| 13 | 13 July | Le Puy-en-Velay – Super Besse | Hilly stage | 177.0 km (110.0 mi) | Rolf Sørensen (DEN) |
| 14 | 14 July | Besse – Tulle | Hilly stage | 186.5 km (115.9 mi) |  Djamolidine Abduzhaparov (UZB) |
| 15 | 15 July | Brive-la-Gaillarde – Villeneuve-sur-Lot | Plain stage | 176.0 km (109.4 mi) | Massimo Podenzana (ITA) |
| 16 | 16 July | Agen – Hautacam | Stage with mountain(s) | 199.0 km (123.7 mi) | Bjarne Riis (DEN) |
| 17 | 17 July | Argelès-Gazost – Pamplona | Stage with mountain(s) | 262.0 km (162.8 mi) | Laurent Dufaux (SUI) |
| 18 | 18 July | Pamplona – Hendaye | Hilly stage | 154.5 km (96.0 mi) | Bart Voskamp (NED) |
| 19 | 19 July | Hendaye – Bordeaux | Plain stage | 226.5 km (140.7 mi) | Frédéric Moncassin (FRA) |
| 20 | 20 July | Bordeaux – Saint-Émilion | Individual time trial | 63.5 km (39.5 mi) | Jan Ullrich (GER) |
| 21 | 21 July | Palaiseau – Paris (Champs-Élysées) | Plain stage | 147.5 km (91.7 mi) | Fabio Baldato (ITA) |
Results
There were several classifications in the 1996 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[13]
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[13]
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[13]
The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[13]
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[14]
For the combativity classification, a jury gave points after each stage to the cyclists they considered most combative. The cyclist with the most votes in all stages lead the classification.
Classification leadership
- Jersey wearers when one rider is leading two or more competitions
- In stage 1, Chris Boardman wore the green jersey.
- Other notes
- The white jersey wasn't actually awarded between 1989 and 1999 – the white column in this table represents the leader in the youth classification.
General classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bjarne Riis (DEN) | Telekom | 95h 57' 16" |
| 2 | Jan Ullrich (GER) | Telekom | +1' 41" |
| 3 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Festina | +4' 37" |
| 4 | Laurent Dufaux (SUI) | Festina | +5' 53" |
| 5 |  Peter Luttenberger (AUT) | Carrera | +7' 07" |
| 6 | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | Polti | +10' 03" |
| 7 |  Piotr Ugrumov (LAT) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +10' 04" |
| 8 |  Fernando Escartín (ESP) | Kelme | +10' 26" |
| 9 | Abraham Olano (ESP) | Mapei | +11' 00" |
| 10 | Toni Rominger (SUI) | Mapei | +11' 53" |
| Final general classification (11–129) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
| 11 | Miguel Indurain (ESP) | Banesto | +14' 14" |
| 12 |  Patrick Jonker (AUS) | ONCE | +18' 58" |
| 13 | Bo Hamburger (DEN) | TVM | +22' 19" |
| 14 | Udo Bölts (GER) | Telekom | +25' 56" |
| 15 | Alberto Elli (ITA) | MG-Technogym | +26' 18" |
| 16 | Manuel Fernández Ginés (ESP) | Mapei | +26' 28" |
| 17 | Leonardo Piepoli (ITA) | Refin | +27' 36" |
| 18 | Laurent Brochard (FRA) | Festina | +32' 11" |
| 19 | Michele Bartoli (ITA) | MG-Technogym | +37' 18" |
| 20 | Evgueni Berzin (RUS) | Gewiss | +38' 00" |
| 21 | Viatcheslav Ekimov (RUS) | Rabobank | +43' 58" |
| 22 | Stefano Cattai (ITA) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +48' 03" |
| 23 | Laurent Madouas (FRA) | Motorola | +53' 15" |
| 24 | Arsenio González (ESP) | Mapei | +55' 28" |
| 25 | Massimiliano Lelli (ITA) | Saeco | +55' 35" |
| 26 | Alex Zülle (SUI) | ONCE | +56' 47" |
| 27 | Giuseppe Guerini (ITA) | Polti | +1h 05' 12" |
| 28 | Rolf Sørensen (DEN) | Rabobank | +1h 11' 28" |
| 29 | Jesper Skibby (DEN) | TVM | +1h 11' 36" |
| 30 | Marco Fincato (ITA) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +1h 11' 51" |
| 31 | Michael Boogerd (NED) | Rabobank | +1h 13' 45" |
| 32 | José Luis Arrieta (ESP) | Banesto | +1h 13' 48" |
| 33 | Paolo Savoldelli (ITA) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +1h 15' 20" |
| 34 | Erik Breukink (NED) | Rabobank | +1h 20' 03" |
| 35 | Aitor Garmendia (ESP) | ONCE | +1h 20' 42" |
| 36 | Oscar Camenzind (SUI) | Panaria-Vinavil | +1h 25' 27" |
| 37 | Claudio Chiappucci (ITA) | Carrera | +1h 27' 23" |
| 38 | Melchor Mauri (ESP) | ONCE | +1h 27' 28" |
| 39 |  Chris Boardman (GBR) | Gan | +1h 27' 44" |
| 40 | Federico Echave (ESP) | Mapei | +1h 29' 25" |
| 41 | José Roberto Sierra (ESP) | ONCE | +1h 30' 11" |
| 42 | Pascal Hervé (FRA) | Festina | +1h 33' 01" |
| 43 | Mirko Gualdi (ITA) | Polti | +1h 34' 59" |
| 44 | Laurent Roux (FRA) | TVM | +1h 36' 11" |
| 45 | Andrea Tafi (ITA) | Mapei | +1h 38' 54" |
| 46 | Andrea Ferrigato (ITA) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +1h 39' 23" |
| 47 | Pascal Richard (SUI) | MG-Technogym | +1h 40' 56" |
| 48 | Félix García Casas (ESP) | Festina | +1h 42' 13" |
| 49 | Neil Stephens (AUS) | ONCE | +1h 43' 33" |
| 50 | Davide Perona (ITA) | Gewiss | +1h 43' 40" |
| 51 | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +1h 45' 44" |
| 52 | Valentino Fois (ITA) | Panaria-Vinavil | +1h 45' 58" |
| 53 | Herminio Díaz Zabala (ESP) | ONCE | +1h 47' 08" |
| 54 |  Orlando Rodrigues (POR) | Banesto | +1h 47' 15" |
| 55 | Bruno Thibout (FRA) | Motorola | +1h 49' 02" |
| 56 | Bruno Cenghialta (ITA) | Gewiss | +1h 49' 19" |
| 57 | José María Jiménez (ESP) | Banesto | +1h 51' 30" |
| 58 | Prudencio Indurain (ESP) | Banesto | +1h 52' 30" |
| 59 | Paolo Lanfranchi (ITA) | Mapei | +1h 54' 42" |
| 60 | Flavio Vanzella (ITA) | Motorola | +1h 54' 52" |
| 61 | Massimo Podenzana (ITA) | Carrera | +1h 55' 18" |
| 62 | Thierry Bourguignon (FRA) | Aubervilliers | +1h 56' 38" |
| 63 | Fabio Baldato (ITA) | MG-Technogym | +1h 57' 08" |
| 64 | Maarten den Bakker (NED) | TVM | +1h 58' 25" |
| 65 | Marcello Siboni (ITA) | Carrera | +2h 00' 52" |
| 66 | Marino Alonso (ESP) | Banesto | +2h 00' 55" |
| 67 | Jean-Pierre Bourgeot (FRA) | Agrigel | +2h 01' 22" |
| 68 | Wladimir Belli (ITA) | Panaria-Vinavil | +2h 01' 42" |
| 69 | Cédric Vasseur (FRA) | Gan | +2h 02' 05" |
| 70 | Massimo Donati (ITA) | Saeco | +2h 02' 53" |
| 71 | José Joaquín Castelblanco (COL) | Kelme | +2h 03' 01" |
| 72 | Marco Saligari (ITA) | MG-Technogym | +2h 03' 09" |
| 73 | Marco Zen (ITA) | Roslotto-ZG Mobili | +2h 04' 03" |
| 74 | Erik Dekker (NED) | Rabobank | +2h 05' 03" |
| 75 | Christophe Moreau (FRA) | Festina | +2h 07' 20" |
| 76 | Christian Henn (GER) | Telekom | +2h 07' 33" |
| 77 | .svg.png){kind=small} Andréï Tchmil (BEL) | Lotto | +2h 09' 38" |
| 78 | Djamolidine Abduzhaparov (UZB) | Refin | +2h 10' 02" |
| 79 | Paolo Fornaciari (ITA) | Saeco | +2h 10' 04" |
| 80 | Bruno Boscardin (SUI) | Festina | +2h 10' 12" |
| 81 | Julio César Aguirre (COL) | Kelme | +2h 10' 23" |
| 82 | Erik Zabel (GER) | Telekom | +2h 10' 26" |
| 83 | Rolf Aldag (GER) | Telekom | +2h 12' 16" |
| 84 | Danny Nelissen (NED) | Rabobank | +2h 12' 25" |
| 85 | Oscar Pellicioli (ITA) | Carrera | +2h 13' 14" |
| 86 | François Simon (FRA) | Gan | +2h 16' 19" |
| 87 | Sergei Uslamin (RUS) | Refin | +2h 16' 30" |
| 88 | Jens Heppner (GER) | Telekom | +2h 17' 17" |
| 89 | Federico Muñoz (COL) | Kelme | +2h 17' 25" |
| 90 | Rolf Järmann (SUI) | MG-Technogym | +2h 20' 28" |
| 91 | François Lemarchand (FRA) | Gan | +2h 21' 15" |
| 92 | José Ramón Uriarte (ESP) | Banesto | +2h 23' 59" |
| 93 | Mariano Piccoli (ITA) | Brescialat | +2h 24' 29" |
| 94 | Cristian Salvato (ITA) | Refin | +2h 26' 59" |
| 95 | Johan Museeuw (BEL) | Mapei | +2h 29' 02" |
| 96 | José Jaime González (COL) | Kelme | +2h 29' 13" |
| 97 | Rossano Brasi (ITA) | Polti | +2h 30' 20" |
| 98 | Fabio Roscioli (ITA) | Refin | +2h 31' 06" |
| 99 | Bart Voskamp (NED) | TVM | +2h 31' 31" |
| 100 | Francesco Frattini (ITA) | Gewiss | +2h 32' 06" |
| 101 | Scott Sunderland (AUS) | Lotto | +2h 32' 54" |
| 102 | Francisco Cabello (ESP) | Kelme | +2h 36' 22" |
| 103 | Cristiano Frattini (ITA) | Brescialat | +2h 37' 56" |
| 104 | Thierry Laurent (FRA) | Agrigel | +2h 37' 57" |
| 105 | .svg.png){kind=small} Omar Enrique Pumar (VEN) | Brescialat | +2h 38' 10" |
| 106 | Frédéric Moncassin (FRA) | Gan | +2h 38' 57" |
| 107 | Brian Holm (DEN) | Telekom | +2h 39' 51" |
| 108 | Frédérick Guesdon (FRA) | Polti | +2h 42' 49" |
| 109 | José Ángel Vidal (ESP) | Kelme | +2h 42' 58" |
| 110 | Wilfried Peeters (BEL) | Mapei | +2h 46' 47" |
| 111 |  Frankie Andreu (USA) | Motorola | +2h 48' 46" |
| 112 | Alessandro Baronti (ITA) | Panaria-Vinavil | +2h 52' 37" |
| 113 | Tobias Steinhauser (GER) | Refin | +2h 54' 34" |
| 114 | Thierry Gouvenou (FRA) | Aubervilliers | +2h 54' 35" |
| 115 | Jacky Durand (FRA) | Agrigel | +2h 54' 39" |
| 116 | Peter Van Petegem (BEL) | TVM | +2h 56' 10" |
| 117 | Dario Bottaro (ITA) | Gewiss | +2h 56' 38" |
| 118 | Gilles Talmant (FRA) | Aubervilliers | +2h 57' 35" |
| 119 | Gerrit de Vries (NED) | Polti | +3h 04' 45" |
| 120 | Paul Van Hyfte (BEL) | Lotto | +3h 06' 43" |
| 121 | Ivan Cerioli (ITA) | Gewiss | +3h 07' 50" |
| 122 | Peter Farazijn (BEL) | Lotto | +3h 14' 06" |
| 123 | Nico Mattan (BEL) | Lotto | +3h 14' 49" |
| 124 | Marc Wauters (BEL) | Lotto | +3h 15' 46" |
| 125 | Mario Chiesa (ITA) | Carrera | +3h 18' 02" |
| 126 | Simone Biasci (ITA) | Saeco | +3h 22' 16" |
| 127 | Eros Poli (ITA) | Saeco | +3h 34' 38" |
| 128 | Jeroen Blijlevens (NED) | TVM | +3h 35' 12" |
| 129 | Jean-Luc Masdupuy (FRA) | Agrigel | +3h 49' 52" |
Points classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Erik Zabel (GER) | Telekom | 335 |
| 2 | Frédéric Moncassin (FRA) | Gan | 284 |
| 3 | Fabio Baldato (ITA) | MG-Technogym | 255 |
| 4 | Djamolidine Abduzhaparov (UZB) | Refin | 204 |
| 5 | Jeroen Blijlevens (NED) | TVM | 158 |
Mountains classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Festina | 383 |
| 2 | Bjarne Riis (DEN) | Telekom | 274 |
| 3 | Laurent Dufaux (SUI) | Festina | 176 |
| 4 | Laurent Brochard (FRA) | Festina | 168 |
| 5 | Luc Leblanc (FRA) | Polti | 158 |
Team classification
| Rank | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Festina-Lotus | 287h 46' 20" |
| 2 | Deutsche Telekom | +15' 14" |
| 3 | Mapei-GB | +51' 36" |
| 4 | Roslotto | +1h 22' 29" |
| 5 | ONCE | +1h 36' 10" |
Young rider classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Time |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jan Ullrich (GER) | Telekom | 95h 58' 57" |
| 2 | Peter Luttenberger (AUT) | Carrera | +5' 26" |
| 3 | Manuel Fernández Ginés (ESP) | Mapei | +24' 47" |
| 4 | Leonardo Piepoli (ITA) | Refin | +25' 55" |
| 5 | Michael Boogerd (NED) | Rabobank | +1h 12' 04" |
Combativity classification
| Rank | Name | Team | Points |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Richard Virenque (FRA) | Festina | 50 |
| 2 | Bjarne Riis (DEN) | Telekom | 47 |
| 3 | Michele Bartoli (ITA) | MG-Technogym | 47 |
See also
Notes
: The winner Bjarne Riis has admitted to the use of doping during the 1996 Tour de France. Shortly after his confession, the organisers of the Tour de France have said that they didn't consider him a winner, but later said that his victory could not be removed because too much time had passed. The same goes for Erik Zabel, the winner of the points classification.
References
- ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ↑ "Riis overcame climatic chaos to end the reign of Indurain". CNN. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ "Zabel admits to doping at Telekom". BBC News. 24 May 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ flandersnews.be – Belgian book causes upset
- ↑ http://www.team-csc.com/ny_news.asp?n_id=1337
- ↑ "Riis told to return yellow jersey". BBC News. 25 May 2007. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ "ESPN – Tour no longer lists Riis as champ after doping admission – Cycling". Sports.espn.go.com. 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- ↑ "Tour Director Christian Prudhomme has erased Bjarne Riis' name from the Tour de France record books...". Autobus.cyclingnews.com. 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- ↑ "Bjarne Riis Reinstated As Tour Winner". BikeRadar. 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
- ↑ "News for February 8: Teams Qualification Rules for Events". Cyclingnews. Future Publishing Limited. 8 February 1996. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 "83ème Tour de France 1996" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
- ↑ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 15 Aug 2011.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
- ↑ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0679729364. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
External links
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