1994 in literature
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The year 1994 in literature involved some significant events and new books.
Events
- November 26 - The Ministry of Culture and Art in Poland orders exhumation of the presumed grave of painter, playwright and novelist Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (suicide 1939) in Zakopane. Genetic tests on the remaining bones prove that the body belongs to an unknown woman – a final absurdist joke, fifty years after the publication of Witkacy's last novel.[1]
- December 1 - The National and University Library of Iceland (Landsbókasafn Íslands – Háskólabókasafn) is established in Reykjavík by merger of the former national library, Landsbókasafn Íslands (established 1818) and the university library (1940).
- The first Giller Prize for Canadian Fiction is awarded.
New books
- Peter Ackroyd - Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem
- Kevin J. Anderson - Champions of the Force, Dark Apprentice and Jedi Search
- Reed Arvin - The Wind in the Wheat
- Thomas Berger - Robert Crews
- Louis de Bernières - Captain Corelli's Mandolin
- Lily Brett - Just Like That
- George Mackay Brown - Beside the Ocean of Time
- Christopher Bulis - State of Change
- James Chapman - Glass (Pray the Electrons Back to Sand)
- Tom Clancy - Debt of Honor
- Jonathan Coe - What a Carve Up!
- Michael Connelly - The Concrete Blonde
- Paul Cornell - Goth Opera and No Future
- Bernard Cornwell - Copperhead
- Douglas Coupland - Life After God
- Michael Crichton - Disclosure
- Terrance Dicks - Blood Harvest
- Stephen R. Donaldson - The Gap into Madness: Chaos and Order
- Bret Easton Ellis - The Informers
- Valerio Evangelisti - Nicolas Eymerich, inquisitore
- David Frum - Dead Right
- Stephen Fry - The Hippopotamus
- John Gardner - SeaFire
- James Finn Garner - Politically Correct Bedtime Stories
- David S. Garnett - Stargonauts
- Mark Gatiss - St Anthony's Fire
- Judith Godrèche - Point de côté
- John Grisham - The Chamber
- Romesh Gunesekera - Reef
- Epeli Hau'ofa - Tales of the Tikongs
- Dermot Healy - A Goat's Song
- Joseph Heller - Closing Time
- James Herbert - The Ghosts of Sleath
- Craig Hinton - The Crystal Bucephalus
- Alan Hollinghurst - The Folding Star
- Nancy Huston - La Virevolte
- John Irving - A Son of the Circus
- Alexander Jablokov - The Breath of Suspension
- James Kelman - How late it was, how late
- Stephen King - Insomnia'
- Dean R. Koontz - Dark Rivers of the Heart
- Joe R. Lansdale - Mucho Mojo
- Andy Lane - All-Consuming Fire
- Madeleine L'Engle - Troubling a Star
- Paul Leonard - Venusian Lullaby
- Jonathan Lethem - Gun, with Occasional Music
- H. P. Lovecraft - Miscellaneous Writings
- Steve Lyons - Conundrum
- F. Gwynplaine MacIntyre - The Woman Between the Worlds
- David A. McIntee - First Frontier
- Javier Marías - Tomorrow in the Battle Think on Me (Mañana en la batalla piensa en mí)
- Simon Messingham - Strange England
- James A. Michener - Recessional
- Rick Moody - The Ice Storm
- Jim Mortimore - Parasite
- Tim O'Brien - In the Lake of the Woods
- Daniel O'Mahony - Falls the Shadow
- John Peel - Evolution
- Ellis Peters - Brother Cadfael's Penance
- Terry Pratchett - Interesting Times and Soul Music
- Qiu Miaojin - Notes of a Crocodile
- James Redfield - The Celestine Prophecy
- Matthew Reilly - Contest
- Justin Richards - Theatre of War
- Gareth Roberts - Tragedy Day
- Gary Russell - Legacy
- Sidney Sheldon - Nothing Lasts Forever
- Carol Shields - The Stone Diaries
- Michael Slade - Ripper
- S. P. Somtow - Jasmine Nights
- Danielle Steel - Accident, The Gift and Wings
- William Trevor - Felicia's Journey
- John Updike - Brazil
- Andrew Vachss - Down in the Zero
- Marlene van Niekerk - Triomf
- Binod Bihari Verma - Balanak Bonihar O Pallavi
- Jill Paton Walsh - Knowledge of Angels
- Tim Winton - The Riders
New drama
- Marina Carr - The Mai
- Kevin Elyot - My Night With Reg
- Arthur Miller - Broken Glass
Poetry
Main article: 1994 in poetry
- Sophie Cabot Black - The Misunderstanding of Nature
Non-fiction
- Michael Asher - Thesiger
- Denise Chong - The Concubine's Children[2]
- Leon Forrest - Relocations of the Spirit: Collected Essays
- Martin Gilbert - In Search of Churchill
- Will Hutton - The State We're In
- Richard Leakey - The Origin of Humankind
- Steven Pinker - The Language Instinct
- Richard B. Trask - Pictures of the Pain: Photography and the Assassination of President Kennedy
- Elizabeth Wurtzel - Prozac Nation
- Li Zhisui - The Private Life of Chairman Mao
Births
Deaths
- January 3 – Frank Belknap Long, American horror, fantasy and sci-fi writer, 92
- January 30 – Pierre Boulle, French novelist, 82
- February 6 – Jack Kirby, American comic book writer, 77
- February 11 – Paul Feyerabend, Austrian philosopher of science, 70
- February 26 – J. L. Carr, English novelist, 81
- February 27 – Harold Acton, English writer, scholar and dilettante, 89
- March 9 – Charles Bukowski, German-born American poet and novelist, 73
- March 28 – Eugène Ionesco, Romanian playwright, 84
- April 16 – Ralph Ellison, American scholar and writer, 80
- May 24 – John Wain, English novelist, poet and critic, 69
- May 30
- Juan Carlos Onetti, Uruguayan writer, 94
- Isobel English, real name June Guesdon Jolliffe, English novelist, 73
- June 7 – Dennis Potter, English TV dramatist, 59
- June 17 – Yuri Nagibin, Soviet screenwriter and novelist, 74
- June 26 – Jahanara Imam, Bangladeshi writer and political activist, 65
- July 5 – Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, Malayalam short story writer, 86
- July 30 – Robin Cook (Derek Raymond), English novelist, 63
- August 7 – Rosa Chacel, Spanish writer, 96
- September 7 – James Clavell, Australian-born novelist, 69
- November 12 – J. I. M. Stewart (Michael Innes), Scottish novelist and critic, 86
- November 28 – Ian Serraillier, English novelist and poet, 82
- December 12 – Donna J. Stone, American poet and philanthropist, 61
- December 24 – John Osborne, English dramatist, 65
Awards
- Nobel Prize for Literature: Kenzaburo Oe
- Europe Theatre Prize: Heiner Müller
- Camões Prize: Jorge Amado
Australia
- The Australian/Vogel Literary Award: Darren Williams, Swimming In Silk
- C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry: Robert Gray, Certain Things
- Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry: Barry Hill, Ghosting William Buckley
- Mary Gilmore Prize: Deborah Staines, Now, Millennium
- Miles Franklin Award: Rodney Hall, The Grisly Wife
Canada
- Bronwen Wallace Memorial Award
- Edna Staebler Award: Linda Johns, Sharing a Robin's Life [3]
- Giller Prize for Canadian Fiction: M.G. Vassanji, The Book of Secrets
- See 1994 Governor General's Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.
France
- Prix Goncourt: Didier Van Cauwelaert, Un Aller simple
- Prix Décembre: Jean Hatzfeld, L'Air de guerre and Éric Holder, La Belle Jardinière
- Prix Médicis French: Yves Berger, Immobile dans le courant du fleuve
- Prix Médicis International: Robert Schneider, Frère Sommeil
United Kingdom
- Booker Prize: James Kelman, How Late It Was, How Late
- Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Theresa Breslin, Whispers in the Graveyard
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Alan Hollinghurst, The Folding Star
- James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: Doris Lessing, Under My Skin
- Cholmondeley Award: Ruth Fainlight, Gwen Harwood, Elizabeth Jennings, John Mole
- Eric Gregory Award: Julia Copus, Alice Oswald, Steven Blyth, Kate Clanchy, Giles Goodland
- Whitbread Best Book Award: William Trevor, Felicia's Journey
United States
- Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize: Jan Beatty, Mad River
- Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry: Wendell Berry
- Anisfield-Wolf Book Award: Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Latin Deli: Prose and Poetry
- Bernard F. Connors Prize for Poetry: Stewart James, "Vanessa", and (separately) Marilyn Hacker, "Cancer Winter"
- Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry: A. R. Ammons, Garbage
- Compton Crook Award: Mary Rosenblum, The Drylands
- National Book Award for Fiction: William Gaddis, A Frolic of His Own
- National Book Critics Circle Award: Carol Shields, The Stone Diaries
- Nebula Award: Greg Bear, Moving Mars
- Newbery Medal for children's literature: Lois Lowry, The Giver
- PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction: Philip Roth, Operation Shylock
- Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Edward Albee, Three Tall Women
- Pulitzer Prize for Fiction: E. Annie Proulx, The Shipping News
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Yusef Komunyakaa, Neon Vernacular: New and Selected Poems
- Wallace Stevens Award inaugurated with first award this year: W. S. Merwin
Elsewhere
- Montana Book Award for Poetry: Bill Manhire, ed., 100 New Zealand Poems
- New Zealand Book Award for Poetry: Andrew Johnston, How to Talk
- Premio Nadal: Rosa Regàs, Azul
References
- ↑ "...Przeprowadzone badania wykazują, że szczątki kostne, przywiezione w 1988 roku ze wsi Jeziory na Ukrainie należą do kobiety w wieku 25–30 lat, o wzroście około 164 cm. ..." ("the tests conducted indicate that the bone remains, brought in 1988 from the village Jeziory in the Ukraine, belong to a woman 25–30 years old and about 164 cm tall...") from the protocol of the commission called by the Ministry of Culture and Art after the exhumation on 26 November 1994 of the presumed grave of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz at Pęksowy Brzyzek cemetery in Zakopane. From: Maciej Pinkwart, "Wygraliśmy" at the Wayback Machine (archived January 20, 2010) in: Moje Zakopane dn. 21 February 2005. (Source: Komunikat Komisji powołanej przez Ministra Kultury i Sztuki do spraw pochówku Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza. Prof. dr hab. Tadeusz Polak). Retrieved 11 November 2012.
- ↑ Faculty of Arts, 1995, Edna Staebler Award, Wilfrid Laurier University, Previous winners, Denise Chong, Retrieved 17 November 2012.
- ↑ Faculty of Arts, 1994, Edna Staebler Award Wilfrid Laurier University, Previous winners, Linda Johns, Retrieved 21 November 2012.