1988 in science
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The year 1988 in science and technology involved many significant events, some listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- September 29 – NASA resumes space shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster.
- November 15 – In the Soviet Union, the uncrewed Shuttle Buran is launched by an Energia rocket on her maiden orbital spaceflight (this was the first and last space flight for the shuttle).
- Canadian astronomers Bruce Campbell, G. A. H. Walker and Stephenson Yang publish radial-velocity observations suggesting that an extrasolar planet orbits the star Gamma Cephei,[1] although its existence is not confirmed until 2003.
- Asteroid 3994 Ayashi is discovered by Masahiro Koishikawa.
- 4407 Taihaku is discovered.
- 4539 Miyagino is discovered.
Climatology
- NASA climate scientist James Hansen uses the term global warming in testimony to the United States Congress[2] bringing it to public attention.[3]
Computer science
- November 2 – The Morris worm is unleashed on the Internet.
- November 17 – The Netherlands becomes the second country to get connected to the Internet.
- The first version of the Photoshop graphics software, devised by Thomas Knoll, ships with Barneyscan image scanners.[4]
Medicine
- May 1 – The initial case definition of Chronic fatigue syndrome (the "Holmes definition") is published, displacing the name Chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome.[5][6]
- Patricia Bath patents the Laserphaco Probe, a device "for ablating and removing cataract lenses".[7][8]
Publications
- Stephen Hawking publishes A Brief History of Time.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger
- Chemistry – Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
- Medicine – Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings
- Turing Award – Ivan Sutherland
Deaths
- January 11 – I.I. Rabi (born 1898), American physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for invention of the atomic beam magnetic resonance method of measuring magnetic properties of atoms and molecules.
- February 15 – Richard Feynman (born 1918), American physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 for his work on quantum electrodynamics.
- May 8 – Robert A. Heinlein (born 1907), "hard" science fiction author
- May 25 – Ernst Ruska (born 1906), Nobel Prize Physicist
- October 9 – Felix Wankel (born 1902), German mechanical engineer.
- December 21 – Nikolaas Tinbergen (born 1907), Dutch-born ethologist, ornithologist and Nobel Prize laureate.
References
- ↑ Campbell, B.; Walker, G. A. H.; Yang, S. (1988). "A search for substellar companions to solar-type stars". The Astrophysical Journal 331: 902. doi:10.1086/166608.
- ↑ U.S. Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, "Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change, part 2" 100th Cong., 1st sess., 23 June 1988, p. 44: "global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence a cause and effect relationship between the greenhouse effect and the observed warming."
- ↑ Conway, Erik (2012-01-28). "What's in a Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change". NASA.
- ↑ Story, Derrick (2000-02-18). "From Darkroom to Desktop — How Photoshop Came to Light". Story Photography. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 2012-08-20.
- ↑ Holmes, Gary P. et al. (1988). "Chronic fatigue syndrome: a working case definition". Annals of Internal Medicine 108 (3): 387–9. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-387. PMID 2829679.
- ↑ Campling, Frankie; Sharpe, Michael (2000). Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME). Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0-19-263049-0. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
- ↑ Wilson, Donald; Wilson, Jane (2003). The Pride of African American History. AuthorHouse. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-4107-2873-9.
- ↑ Henderson, Susan K. (1998). African-American Inventors III. Capstone Press. pp. 9–13. ISBN 978-1-56065-698-2.