1986 Vrancea earthquake

1986 Vrancea earthquake
1986 Vrancea earthquake (Romania)
Date 30 August 1986, 21:28:55 (GMT)[1]
31 August 1986, 00:28:55 (EET)
Magnitude 6.5 Mw (National Institute for Earth Physics)
6.9 Mw (United States Geological Survey)
Depth 131 km (81 mi)
Epicenter 45°30′N 26°30′E / 45.500°N 26.500°ECoordinates: 45°30′N 26°30′E / 45.500°N 26.500°E
Total damage 55,000 homes damaged
Max. intensity VIII (Severe)
Landslides Yes
Foreshocks 5.3 Mw (16 August 1986)[2]
Aftershocks 77
Casualties 2 deaths, 558 injuries (official)
Over 150 deaths (unofficial)

Striking central Romania on August 30 at 21:28 UTC, the 1986 Vrancea earthquake killed more than 150 people, injured over 500, and damaged over 50,000 homes. The second largest earthquake in the area since the modernization of earthquake monitoring devices,[3] it was felt north to Poland and south to Italy and Greece. The death toll makes it the second deadliest earthquake to occur in 1986 worldwide, after major seism of San Salvador that took the lives of almost 1,500 people.

One local news facility listed that the earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale,[4] and the USGS listed its seismic moments as 5.6 and 7.9.[5] A research paper of V. I. Ulomov cited this earthquake with magnitude Mw 7.1.[6] Its epicenter was somewhere in the Vrancea Mountains.

The focal mechanism of the earthquake was described as "moderately well controlled", suggesting reverse faulting with some strike-slip motion.

Geography

The epicenter was pinpointed to Vrancea County, specifically to the Vrancea Mountains, about 110 miles (177 km) north of Bucharest.[4] In 1977, another strong quake ruptured oil fields in the area.[4]

Aftershocks

The rupture was located at a depth of between 131 and 148 km, as revealed by the location of aftershock hypocenters. The strongest aftershock occurred in the morning of September 2, 1986, at 5:00 a.m. (EET), at 143 km depth, with magnitude 5.0 Ms, and was felt in Bucharest with an intensity of about III-IV degrees on the Mercalli scale. In total, 77 aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude over 3.2 on the Richter scale, of which 19 exceeded the value of 4.0 magnitude on the Richter scale.[7]

Damage and casualties

The earthquake was felt in at least eight geographically diverse countries, affecting most of southeast Europe.[5] The worst affected area was in the Focșani–Bârlad region, where intensity VIII (Severe) damage was recorded, causing a church to collapse.[5] In Bessarabia, the earthquake had, in patches, quite severe effects. In Chișinău, 4 apartment buildings collapsed, resulting in at least 100 casualties. In south-west of Bessarabia, near Prut floodplain, were observed subsidence of land, sand spirts and the formation of craters near the Prut riverbed. In Bucharest, 50 laborers who worked in the basement of a building died when they were crushed by piles of rubble.[8]

Causing 150 deaths, the earthquake also injured 558 people and fractured at least 55,000 households.[5] Intensity of VII (very strong) was reported in Bucharest and in northern Bulgaria. In addition, intensities of V (rather strong) were recorded in Skopje (now the capital of the Republic of Macedonia), suggesting the earthquake was widespread.[5] This is confirmed by reports of the earthquake as far north as Hungary and east Poland, and as far south as Greece and Italy.[5] Lesser intensities of IV (moderate) in Simferopol and Kiev in the Soviet Union and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and III (slight) in Moscow and Titograd, Yugoslavia were recorded.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ Monfret, Tony; Deschamps, Anne, and Romanowicz, Barbara (April 1990). "The Romanian earthquake of August 30, 1986: A study based on GEOSCOPE very long-period and broadband data". Pure and Applied Geophysics 133 (2): 367–379. Bibcode:1990PApGe.133..367M. doi:10.1007/BF00877169. Retrieved 2009-08-30.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Major Earthquake Rocks Eastern Europe". AGERPRES. September 1, 1986. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Significant Earthquakes of the World: 1986". United States Geological Survey. July 16, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
  6. ↑ http://www.springerlink.com/content/n3n160453030h443/fulltext.pdf
  7. ↑ "Seismicity of Romania", National Institute for Earth Physics, section Vrancea subcrustal zone
  8. ↑ "A magnitude 3.6 earthquake occurred near Bucharest", Realitatea.net