1982 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Game

1982 NCAA Tournament Championship Game
National Championship Game
1 2 Total
Georgetown 32 30 62
North Carolina 31 32 63
Date March 29, 1982
Arena Louisiana Superdome
Location New Orleans, Louisiana
Favorite Georgetown by 1[1]
Referee John Dabrow, Bobby Dibbler & Hank Nichols[2]
Attendance 61,612[3][4]
United States TV coverage
Network CBS
Announcers Gary Bender and Billy Packer
Nielsen Ratings 21.5

The 1982 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Game took place on March 29, 1982 between the North Carolina Tar Heels and Georgetown Hoyas at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The match-up was the final one of the forty-fourth consecutive NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship single-elimination tournament — commonly referred to as the NCAA Tournament — organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and is used to crown a national champion for men's basketball at the Division I level.

Head coach John Thompson and the Georgetown Hoyas entered the game ranked eighth in the AP Poll, with an overall record of 286. The Hoyas were led by Firstteam All-American Eric Floyd and seven-foot freshman Patrick Ewing. In the midst of a fifteen game winning streak, the North Carolina Tar Heels entered the National Championship game with a record of 312 after defeating the Houston Cougars in the national semifinal. The Dean Smith led North Carolina were anchored by Junior and Firstteam All-American James Worthy.

The game was televised by CBS across the United States, which attracted over 17 million viewers. Georgetown jumped out to an early 1210 lead after twelve minutes of play, with eight of North Carolina's points coming from goaltending infractions by Ewing. The Hoyas entered halftime ahead by a single point, 3231. The teams traded the lead multiple times closing minutes of the second half. Following a turnover by Matt Doherty, Georgetown took the lead 6261 courtesy of a jump shot from Floyd. During the ensuing possession, North Carolina Freshman Michael Jordan hit a go-ahead basket with fifteen seconds remaining to give North Carolina a one point advantage.

The Tar Heels won their second NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship, with their first coming in 1957. Worthy was named the NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player for his efforts throughout the tournament. After losing in his first three national title game appearances something many had openly criticized him over coach Smith won his first National Championship as a head coach. Ewing helped lead the Hoyas back to the national title game in 1984 and 1985, winning it all in 1984. Both talented Freshman, Ewing and Jordan, went on to become National Players of the Year before each left college to play professional basketball.

Background

Georgetown Hoyas

A picture of three men standing together.
Georgetown coach John Thompson (left) managed to sign high-school basketball standout Patrick Ewing (right).

John Thompson was in the midst of his tenth season as head coach of the Georgetown Hoyas as the team entered the National Championship game. Before the season, Thompson made headlines when he signed top recruit, Patrick Ewing over several other top name schools,[5] along with Tony Jones, Ralph Dalton, Elvado Smith, and Bill Martin.[6][7][8] Georgetown was named by some voters as the number one team in the nation in the preseason polls due to its highly touted recruiting class.[7] The Hoyas' starting line up was: Eric Smith, Eric Floyd, and Fred Brown as guards, Mike Hancock in the forward position, and Ewing at center.

The Georgetown Hoyas participated in the Great Alaska Shootout to start the 198182 season. The Hoyas lost their opening game to Southwestern Lousiana 7061 after playing a sloppy game.[9] After winning the following game against, the Hoyas lost to Ohio State by one point in their final game of the tournament.[10] Georgetown then began a thirteen game win streak,[11] which was followed by losing three straight to three conference opponents.[12] The Hoyas then finished the regular season with nine more wins and one loss,[13] which was good enough to finish second in the Big East regular season standings.[14] The Hoyas won their first two games of the Big East Tournament by a collective margin of 29 points and advanced to the championship game against the Villanova Wildcats.[13] The two teams were tied at halftime, but at halftime the Hoyas elected to use a man to man defense over a zone.[15] This proved effective as they were able to force turnovers and shoot well from the field, which led them to win the game 7254.[15] The Georgetown Hoyas won the Big East Tournament and also, a bid to the NCAA Tournament.[15]

In the first round of the NCAA Tournament, Georgetown faced Wyoming and won 5143.[16] The Hoyas then beat the Fresno State Bulldogs by eighteen, after leading by five at halftime, to advance to the regional finals.[17] Georgetown faced off against Oregon State in the regional final.[18] In the game, the Hoyas shot very well from the field, setting the tournament record for field goal percentage in a game, 77.4%, en route to the 69-45 victory.[18][19] In the national semifinal against Louisville, both teams shot very poorly.[19] The two teams traded the lead several times throughout the first half, but after three minutes into the second half, Georgetown gained the lead and never relinquished it.[19] The Hoyas used defense to maintain their lead and set the pace of the game, which they won 5046.[19]

North Carolina Tar Heels

A picture of Dean Smith.
The 1981-82 basketball season was Dean Smith's twentyfirst as head coach of North Carolina.

The North Carolina Tar Heels were coached by Dean Smith, who was in his twentyfirst season as head coach of the Tar Heels. This was Smith's fourth National Championship game appearance as the coach of North Carolina, after losing in 1968, 1977, and 1981.[7][20][21] Coach Smith entered the 1981 regular season with what he called the "best class he ever had" to that point in his career with: Buzz Peterson, Warren Martin, Michael Jordan, Lynwood Robinson, and John Brownlee.[7][22] His North Carolina team was named by many as the preseason number one and the favorite to win the national title.[7] North Carolina's starting line up consisted of Jimmy Black and Jordan at the guard positions, Matt Doherty and James Worthy in at forward, and Sam Perkins as starting center.[23]

North Carolina opened their 198182 campaign with a win against Kansas at a neutral site in Charlotte, North Carolina.[24] After winning five more games, the Tar Heels entered the Cable Car Classic.[25] Behind Perkin's 23 points, the Tar Heels managed to win the game, despite being taken to overtime.[26][27] North Carolina advanced to the tournament final where the defeated Santa Clara.[26] Wake Forest defeated North Carolina, who was playing without Perkins due to illness, to hand them their first loss of the season.[28][29] The Tar Heels won three more games before losing to Virginia, where they trailed the whole game.[30] North Carolina won the remaining games of its regular season.[31] The team won the ACC Tournament by narrowly defeating Virginia in tournament's championship game, 4745.[32]

North Carolina edged James Madison 5250 in the first round of the NCAA Tournament.[33][34] The Tar Heels beat Alabama in the succeeding round to advance to the regional final against Villanova.[35] North Carolina advanced to the Final Four with a 70-60 over Villanova as each starter scored over ten points.[36] In the national semifinal, North Carolina was pitted against Houston.[19] The Tar Heels opened the game with a 140 run.[19] Houston overcame the deficit and tied the game at 29 just a few minutes before the half.[19] Coming out of halftime, North Carolina went on a 72 run and eventually won the game 6863 after stalling for a significant period of time.[19]

Team rosters

1981-82 Georgetown Hoyas roster
No. Name Position Height Weight Class
10 Kurt Kaull G 6-3 Jr.
11 Tony Jones F 6-6 Fr.
12 Elvado Smith G 6-2 Fr.
20 Fred Brown G 6-5 190 So.
21 Eric Floyd G 6-3 170 Sr.
22 Gene Smith G 6-2 170 So.
24 Bill Martin F 6-7 215 Fr.
30 Ron Blaylock G 6-3 Sr.
32 Eric Smith F 6-5 185 Sr.
33 Patrick Ewing C 7-0 240 Fr.
34 Jim Corcoran G 6-0 Sr.
40 Mike Hancock F 6-7 180 Sr.
42 David Blue F 6-7 Jr.
50 Ed Spriggs F/C 6-9 240 Sr.
Reference:[37]
1981-82 North Carolina Tar Heels roster
No. Name Position Height Weight Class
4 Lynwood Robinson G 6-1 176 Fr.
21 Jimmy Black G 6-3 162 Sr.
22 Buzz Peterson G 6-3½ 165 Fr.
23 Michael Jordan G/F 6-5 189 Fr.
24 Jim Braddock G 6-2 171 Jr.
32 John Brownlee F/C 6-10 215 Fr.
41 Sam Perkins F/C 6-9 224 So.
43 Jeb Barlow F 6-8 207 Sr.
44 Matt Doherty F 6-8 210 So.
45 Chris Brust F/C 6-9 231 Sr.
50 Cecil Exum F 6-6 206 So.
51 Timo Makkonen C 6-11½ 202 So.
52 James Worthy F 6-8 219 Jr.
54 Warren Martin C 6-11 222 Fr.
Reference:[38][39]

Broadcast

The National Championship game was televised across the United States by CBS.[40][41] A total of 17.52 million homes, 30% of the television audience, watched the game.[40] The broadcast earned a 21.5 Nielsen Rating, the second highest for the NCAA National Championship game at the time, after 1979.[40]

Game summary

The game began with a tip–off between Georgetown's Patrick Ewing and North Carolina's Sam Perkins, which was won by Georgetown. Ewing made the first shot of the game from the baseline. On defense, Ewing was called for goaltending four times to give North Carolina their first eight points.[42][43][44][45] Georgetown coach John Thompson order Ewing to "make his presence known" on defense and to not worry about goaltending calls when attempting to block shots.[42][45] North Carolina did not physically make a shot until 8:08 had passed, at which point the score was 12-10 in favor of Georgetown.[43][44]

Box score

Source:[4][46][47]

March 29, 1982
8:12 pm EST[48]
Georgetown Hoyas 62, North Carolina Tar Heels 63
Scoring by half: 32-31, 30-32
Pts: Patrick Ewing 23
Rebs: Patrick Ewing 11
Asts: Fred Brown, Eric Floyd, Eric Smith 5
Pts: James Worthy 28
Rebs: Michael Jordan 9
Asts: Jimmy Black 9
Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans, Louisiana
Attendance: 61,612
Referees: John Dabrow, Bobby Dibbler & Hank Nichols


Legend
Pos Position FGM Field goals made FGA Field goals attempted FTM Free throws made FTA Free throws attempted Reb Rebounds
Ast Assists Blk Blocks Stl Steals PF Personal fouls Pts Points
Georgetown Hoyas
Player Pos FGM FGA FTM FTA Reb Ast Blk Stl PF Pts
Brown, FredFred Brown G 1 2 2 2 2 5 4 0 2 4
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing C 10 15 3 3 11 1 4 2 3 23
Floyd, EricEric Floyd G 9 17 0 0 3 5 2 0 4 18
Hancock, MikeMike Hancock F/C 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Jones, TonyTony Jones F 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Martin, BillBill Martin F 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Smith, EricEric Smith G/F 6 8 2 2 3 5 5 0 0 14
Smith, GeneGene Smith G 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Spriggs, EdEd Spriggs C 0 2 1 2 1 0 2 0 2 1
02Team totals 27 51 8 9 22 16 20 2 11 62
Reference:[4]
North Carolina Tar Heels
Player Pos FGM FGA FTM FTA Reb Ast Blk Stl PF Pts
Black, JimmyJimmy Black G 1 4 2 2 3 7 2 0 1 4
Braddock, JimJim Braddock G 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Brust, ChrisChris Brust F/C 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 1
Doherty, MattMatt Doherty F 1 3 2 3 3 1 0 0 0 4
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan G 7 13 2 2 9 2 2 0 2 16
Perkins, SamSam Perkins F/C 3 7 4 6 7 1 2 1 0 10
Peterson, BuzzBuzz Peterson G 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
Worthy, JamesJames Worthy F 13 17 2 7 4 0 3 0 3 28
02Team totals 25 47 13 22 30 14 11 1 7 63
Reference:[4]

Aftermath

North Carolina's James Worthy was named the NCAA Tournament's Most Outstanding Player for his performance during the course of the tournament.[47][49] Along with that honor, Worthy and Eric Floyd were both named Consensus Firstteam All-Americans for the 198182 season, while Tar Heel Sam Perkins was a Consensus Secondteam All-American.[50] Despite losing the game, John Thompson was given the United States Basketball Writers Association's Coach of the Year.[51]

In the days leading up to the National Championship game, North Carolina head coach Dean Smith was a focal point of the media over his record in national championship games.[1][41][48][52][53] Smith had coached the North Carolina Tar Heels to six Final Fours and three national title games before the 1981-82 season, all of which resulted in the Tar Heels failing to win the tournament.[20][21][41][48][53] Due to these losses, Smith had earned a reputation for not being able to win the "big game."[54][55][56] When coach Smith won the National Championship game against Georgetown, he silenced those who had criticized him before the game.[57] Before retiring, coach Smith led the Tar Heels to one more national title victory in 1993.[58]

The Georgetown Hoyas returned the National Championship game in 1984, where they faced off against the Houston Cougars and won 8475.[20][59] It was the first NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship that Georgetown had won, along with the first that Thompson had won as head coach.[20][59] The following year, again made it back to the national title game.[60] This time, however, they lost to the number eight seeded Villanova Wildcats.[60]

The game featured two future National Players of the Year in Michael Jordan and Ewing. Sporting News named Jordan Player of the Year for the 1982-1983 season.[61] The following year, Jordan was the consensus National Player of the Year for the 1983-1984 season, winning each of the player of the year awards that were given out.[61] Ewing won four National Player of the Year awards for his efforts during the 1984-1985 season.[62]

References

Citations
  1. 1.0 1.1 "Georgetown Will Be Last One". The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press. March 24, 1982. p. D7. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  2. "The Final Four" (PDF). 2014 NCAA Men's Final Four Records. NCAA. 2014. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 9, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  3. "Great Final Four moments". ESPN Classic. ESPN Internet Ventures. November 19, 2003. Archived from the original on February 5, 2010. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "200708 Men's Basketball Yearbook" (PDF). University of North Carolina. p. 111. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  5. Dan Devine (June 13, 2013). "A Ku Klux Klan rally kept Patrick Ewing from going to the University of North Carolina". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo Sports - NBC Sports Network, Stats LLC, Opta. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  6. Daley, Steve (July 19, 1981). "Georgetown's Ewing isn't cut from the J.R. mold". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Publishing Company LLC). p. 59. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "North Carolina Gets Top Billing, But Not By Much". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. November 22, 1981. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  8. "Big East Preview". The Heights LXI (42). Heights, Inc. December 7, 1981. p. 20. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  9. "Georgetown, Ohio State Upset In Alaska Shootout". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. UPI. November 29, 1981. p. 12-B. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  10. "Georgetown loses again in Alaska Shootout". Pittsburgh Post-Gazzette. Associated Press. November 30, 1981. p. 29. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  11. Malcolm Moran (January 14, 1982). "Georgetown Beats Seton Hall, 62-60, For 13th In Row". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  12. Frank Litsky (March 22, 1982). "Georgetown Riding A Confident Road". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  13. 13.0 13.1 "1981-82 Georgetown Hoyas Schedule and Results". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  14. "1981-82 Big East Conference Season Summary". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Malcolm Moran (March 7, 1982). "Big East Crown to Georgetown". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  16. Gordon S. White Jr. (March 14, 1982). "Georgetown, N. Carolina Gain; Hoyas Overcome Foul Problems". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  17. Frank Litsky (March 19, 1982). "Georgetown Gains; Fresno State Falls, 58-40 - Oregon State Routs Idaho". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  18. 18.0 18.1 Frank Litsky (March 21, 1982). "Georgetown, Louisville In Final Four; Hoyas Better Oregon State By 69-45". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 Malcolm Moran (March 28, 1982). "North Carolina and Georgetown Reach Final; Louisville Bows, 50-46". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 "Tar Heels win NCAA basketball championship". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  21. 21.0 21.1 Gordon S. White Jr. (March 31, 1981). "Indiana Defeats North Carolina, 63-50, For N.C.A.A. Title". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  22. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 103.
  23. "25 years later...". Ellensburg Daily Record. UPI. March 30, 1982. p. 10. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  24. "N. Carolina Tops Kansas, 74-67". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Associated Press. November 29, 1981. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  25. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 55.
  26. 26.0 26.1 Black & Fowler 2006, p. 56.
  27. "N. Carolina Wins In Overtime". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Associated Press. December 29, 1981. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  28. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 63.
  29. "North Carolina Upset". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Associated Press. January 22, 1982. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  30. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 65.
  31. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 73.
  32. Black & Fowler 2006, pp. 7980.
  33. "Georgetown, N. Carolina Gain; Memphis State Tops Wake Forest". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Associated Press. March 14, 1982. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  34. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 84.
  35. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 85.
  36. Black & Fowler 2006, p. 87.
  37. "1981-82 Georgetown Hoyas Roster and Stats". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  38. "1981-82 North Carolina Tar Heels Roster and Stats". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  39. Rick Brewer, ed. (1981), "Player Thumbnails", Carolina Basketball 81-82, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Meredith-Webb Printing Company, pp. 10–21
  40. 40.0 40.1 40.2 "Viewing Heavy". The Bryan Times. UPI. April 1, 1982. p. 15. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  41. 41.0 41.1 41.2 Lee Benson (March 26, 1982). "NCAA final qualifies as classic". The Deseret News. UPI. p. D1. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  42. 42.0 42.1 Gergen, Joe. "North Carolina hits jackpot – 1982". Sporting News (Internet Archive). Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  43. 43.0 43.1 Malcolm Moran (March 30, 1982). "North Carolina Slips Past Georgetown by 63-62". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  44. 44.0 44.1 Mike Kiley (March 30, 1982). "Bad pass seals Tar Heels' title". Chicago Tribune. Tribune Publishing Company LLC. p. 73. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  45. 45.0 45.1 Donald Huff (March 30, 1982). "Hoyas Slip Into UNC's Hands, 63-62". Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  46. "(1) North Carolina 63, (1) Georgetown 62". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. 2010. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  47. 47.0 47.1 Jeff Borzello. "1982 Men's NCAA Basketball Tournament". CBSSports.com. CBS Broadcasting Inc. Archived from the original on April 27, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  48. 48.0 48.1 48.2 Ken Rappoport (March 29, 1982). "Old friends enemies tonight". Beaver County Times. Associated Press. p. B1. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  49. "James Worthy". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC0. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  50. "Division I Consensus All-American Selections". 2009–10 NCAA Men's Basketball Records (National Collegiate Athletic Association). p. 136. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  51. "Thompson Honored". Herald-Journal. March 24, 1982. p. D4. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  52. "Tar Heels vow to win title for Coach Smith". The Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. March 29, 1982. p. 9. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  53. 53.0 53.1 "Tar Heels attempt to end Dean Smith 'choke' syndrome". Rome-Tribune News. March 23, 1982. p. 8. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  54. Andrew Carter (November 27, 2013). "Special coverage: UNC's Dean Smith a mentor to all". newsobserver.com. News & Observer. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  55. Robyn Norwood (March 30, 2002). "The Big One-der". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  56. Frank Deford (October 29, 1997). "His Own Man Armed With An Integrity Forged In A Small Kansas Town, Dean Smith Fought Off His Critics, Inspired His Players And Won Battles Large And Small, On The Court And Off". Sports Illustrated. Time Inc. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  57. Allen Wilson (December 23, 1990). "The Dean North Carolina Fans Who Once Hung Dean Smith In Effigy Now Hang Banners In An Arena Bearing His Name. But This Coach's Impact On College Basketball Extends Beyond The Court". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Interactive, Inc. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  58. "Basketball coaching legend Dean Smith born". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Archived from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  59. 59.0 59.1 Bruce Keidan (April 3, 1984). "Hoyas rip Houston by 84-75". Pittsburgh Post-Gazzette. Associated Press. p. 28. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  60. 60.0 60.1 Jack Carey (March 15, 2010). "Efficient '85 Villanova team mounted tourney's greatest upset". USA Today. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  61. 61.0 61.1 "Michael Jordan". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
  62. "Patrick Ewing". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
Bibliography