1977 in paleontology
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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1977.
Molluscs
Bivalves
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fordilla sibirica[2] |
sp nov |
Valid |
Krasilova |
Early Cambrian |
Tyuser Formation |
early Cambrian bivalve species |
||
Dinosaurs
- Trexler found hadrosaur remains west of Choteau, Montana in Two Medicine Formation strata.[3]
Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[4]
Name | Status | Authors | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fulengia[5] | Nomen dubium. Possible synonym of Lufengosaurus. |
|
| ||
Opisthocoelicaudia[6] | Valid taxon |
|
|||
Othnielia[7] | Valid taxon | ||||
Piveteausaurus[8] | Valid taxon |
|
|||
Saichania[9] | Valid taxon | ||||
"Shanshanosaurus"[10] | Junior synonym of Tarbosaurus. | ||||
Tarchia[9] | Valid taxon | ||||
Tuojiangosaurus[11] | Valid taxon |
|
|
||
Valdosaurus[12] | Valid taxon | ||||
Wannanosaurus[13] | Valid taxon |
|
|||
"Yezosaurus" | Nomen nudum. Non-dinosaurian marine reptile. |
|
|
||
Newly named birds, remarks
- Colin J. O Harrison and Cyril Walker described and named 16 fossils from the Early Eocene from very small fragments. It is not possible to describe taxa so old from those fragments, given the fact that in the Eocene many birds with a mix of characters existed (mosaics).
Newly named birds
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argillipes aurorum [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002,[15] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Argillipes paralectoris [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002.[15] |
|
Buthierax pouliani [16] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
MQ 2a |
An Accipitridae Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||||
Cepphus storeri [17] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison |
Late Pliocene |
MN 16-17 |
|
An Alcidae. |
|
Ciconia sarmatica [18] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Dan Grigorescu Jenö Kessler |
Sarmatian, MN 8 |
A Ciconiidae. |
|||
Cinclodes major [19] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Eduardo P. Tonni |
Middle Pleistocene |
A Furnariidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Coturnipes cooperi [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, placed in Aves Incertae Sedis by Olson, 1999, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Gallus beremendensis [20] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Dénes Jánossy |
Late Pliocene |
MN 16a |
A Phasianidae. |
||
Limnofregata azygosternon [21] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Eocene |
Green River Formatie, Fossil Bute Member |
|
A Fregatidae, Limnofregatinae Olson, 1977, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Malacorhynchus scarletti [22] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
± 3500 YBP |
An Anatidae. |
||||
Marinavis longirostris [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Procelariiformes, in its own family, Marinavidae Harrison et Walker, 1977, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Microena goodwini [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Columbidae, placed in Aves Inceretae Sedis by Mlíkovský 2002,[15] according to Mayr, 2009 perhaps a "Coraciiformes" or a "Caprimulgiformes"/Apodiformes, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Neptuniavis minor [14] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
An ?Procellariidae, maybe a synonym of Dasornis toliapica (Owen, 1873). |
|
Neptuniavis miranda [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
An ?Procellariidae, this is the type species of the new genus, maybe a synonym of Dasornis emuinus (Bowerbank, 1854), this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Oxyura zapatanima [23] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene |
Jocotopec Sand and Gravel Quarry |
An Anatidae. |
|||
Parvicuculus minor [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
An Apodiformes, Hemiprocni Karkhu, 1992, Parvicuculidae Harrison, 1982, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Parvigyps praecox [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Accipitridae, by Mlíkovský, 2002 placed in Aves Incertae Sedis,[15] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Percolinus venablesi [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Gypsornis Milne-Edwards, 1871 in the Cariamidae by Mlíkovský, 2002,[15] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Phalacrocorax chapalensis [23] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene |
Jocotopec Sand and Gravel Quarry |
A Phalacrocoracidae. |
|||
Pinguinus alfrednewtoni [24] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Pliocene |
Yorktown Formatie, |
|
An Alcidae. |
||
Precursor litorum [14] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Glareolidae, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis. |
|
Precursor magnus [14] |
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Glareolidae, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis. |
|
Precursor parvus [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in the Glareolidae, this is the type species of the new genus, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis. |
|
Primodroma bournei [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
A Hydrobatidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Primoscens minutus [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described in a new family Primoscenidae Harrison et Walker, 1977, Passeriformes, placed in synonymy with the family Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, ?Piciformes by Mayr, 2008,[25] this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Procuculus minutus [14] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Colin J. O. Harrison Cyril A. Walker |
Early Eocene |
MP 8-9 |
|
Described as a Cuculidae, Harrison, 1982 placed it in his new family Parvicuculidae,[26] Olson, 1985 and Mayr, 2009 think it might be a synonym of Primapus lacki Harrison et Walker, 1975. Best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|
Quipollornis koniberi [27] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Patricia Vickers Rich Allan R. McEvey |
Early to Middle Miocene |
Diatomite deposits on Chalk Mountain |
An Aegothelidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
||
Rallus richmondi [28] |
Nom. nov. |
Valid |
MN 13 |
A Rallidae, a new name for Rallus dubius Portis, 1887, a junior primary homonym of Rallus dubius Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783, so its objective junior synonym. |
||||
Sarmatosula dobrogensis [18] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Dan Grigorescu Jenö Kessler |
Sarmatian, MN 8 |
A Sulidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Shandongornis shanwanensis [29] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Yeh Xiangkui |
Shanwang Series |
An Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Xenicibis xympithecus [30] |
Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
David W. Steadman |
Cave deposits |
An Threskiornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
|||
Pterosaurs
New taxa
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
Wellnhofer |
A pterodactyloid of uncertain affinities. | |||||
Synapsids
Non-mammalian
Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
' |
Valid |
|||||||
' |
Valid |
|||||||
Plants
Angiospermae
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
Hickey |
Camels Butte Member, Golden Valley Formation |
North Dakota, USA |
||||
Valid |
Hickey |
Camels Butte Member, Golden Valley Formation |
North Dakota, USA |
||||
Pinophyta
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
Hickey |
Bear Den Member, Golden Valley Formation |
North Dakota, USA |
||||
Footnotes
- ↑ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ↑ Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9.
- ↑ "Previous Work," Trexler (2001); page 300.
- ↑ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ↑ Carroll, R.L. and P.M. Galton. 1977. Modern lizard from the Upper Triassic of China. Nature 266: pp. 252-255.
- ↑ Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii, gen. n. sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontol. Polonica 37: pp. 5-64.
- ↑ Galton, P.M. 1977. The ornithopod dinosaur Dryosaurus and a Laurasia-Gondwanaland connection in the Upper Jurassic. Nature 268: pp. 230-232.
- ↑ Taquet, P., and S. Welles. 1977. Redescription du crane de Dinosaure theropode de Dives (Normandie). Annales de Paleontologie, tomo 63 (fasc. 2): pp. 191-206.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Maryanska, T. 1977. Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia. Paleontol. Polinica 37: pp. 85-151.
- ↑ Dong, Z. 1977. On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15: pp. 59-66.
- ↑ Dong, Z., X. Li, S. Zhou, and Y. Chang. 1977. On the stegosaurian remain from Zigong (Tzekung), Szechuan Province. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15: pp. 307-312.
- ↑ Olshevsky, G. 1991. A Revision of the Parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, Excluding the Advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2 (1st printing): iv + 196 pages.
- ↑ Hou, L. 1977. A new primitive pachycephalosauria from Anhui, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15: pp. 198-202.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1977). "Birds of the British Lower Eocene". Tertiary Research Special Papers 3: 1–52.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Jíří Mlíkovský, (2002). "Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1: Europe" (PDF). Praha Ninox Press: 1–407.
- ↑ Miklós Kretzoi (1977). "The Fauna of Small Vertebrates of the Middle Pleistocene at Petralona" (PDF). Anthropos (Athina) 4 (1-2): 131–143.
- ↑ Colin J. O. Harrison (1977). "A New Guillemot, Cepphus Species, from the Lower Pleistocene". Suffolk Natural History 17: 238–239.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Dan Grigorescu & Jenö Kessler (1977). "The Middle Sarmatian Avian Fauna of South Dobrogea". Revue Roumaine de Géologie, Géophysique et Géographie, Série Géologie 21: 93–108.
- ↑ Eduardo P. Tonni (1977). "Un Furnárido (Aves: Passeriformes) del Pleistoceno Medio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires". Publicaciones del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales de Mar del Plata Lorenzo Scaglia 2 (6): 141–147.
- ↑ Dénes Jánossy (1977). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. II. Galliformes. 2. Phasianidae" (PDF). Aquila 83: 29–42.
- ↑ Storrs L. Olson (1977). "A Lower Eocene Frigatebird from the Green River Formation of Wyoming" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 35: 1–33. doi:10.5479/si.00810266.35.1.
- ↑ Storrs L. Olson (1977). "Notes on Subfossil Anatidae from New Zealand, Including A New Species of Pink-Eared Duck Malacorhynchus". Emu 77 (3): 132–135. doi:10.1071/mu9770132.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Rafael Alvarez (1977). "A Pleistocene Avifauna from Jalisco, Mexico" (PDF). Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 24 (19): 205–220.
- ↑ Storrs L. Olson (1977). "A Great Auk, Pinguinis [sic], from the Pliocene of Nebraska (Aves: Alcidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90 (3): 690–697.
- ↑ Gerald Mayr (2008). "Phylogenetic Affinities of the Enigmatic Avian Taxon Zygodactylus Based on New Material from the Early Oligocene of France". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6: 333–344. doi:10.1017/s1477201907002398.
- ↑ Colin J. O. Harrison (1982). "Cuculiform, Piciform, and Passeriform Birds in the Lower Eocene of England". Tertiary Research 4: 71–81.
- ↑ Patricia Vickers Rich & Allan R. McEvey (1977). "A New Owlet-Nightjar from the Early to Mid-Miocene of Eastern New South Wales" (PDF). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 38: 247–253.
- ↑ Storrs L. Olson (1977). "A Synopsis of the Fossil Rallidae" (PDF). In “Rails of the World: A Monograph of the Family Rallidae“ by S.D. Ripley, Codline, Boston: 509–525.
- ↑ Yeh Xiangkui (1977). "[First Discovery of Miocene Birds in China]" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica 15 (4): 244–248.
- ↑ Storrs L. Olson & David W. Steadman (1977). "A New Genus of Flightless Ibis (Threskiornithidae) and Other fossil Birds from Cave Deposits in Jamaica" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 90 (2): 447–457.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Hickey, Leo (1977). Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota. Boulder, Colorado: Geological Society of America. pp. 110 & Plate 5. ISBN 0-8137-1150-9.
References
- Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.