1949 Pacific hurricane season

1949 Pacific hurricane season
Season summary map
First system formed June 11, 1949
Last system dissipated September 30, 1949
Strongest storm #4 and #6 – 75 mph (120 km/h)
Total storms 7
Hurricanes 2
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) 0
Total fatalities Unknown
Total damage Unknown
Pacific hurricane seasons
1940–1948, 1949, 1950

The 1949 Pacific hurricane season was the first hurricane season in the Eastern Pacific hurricane database. Six tropical cyclones were known to have existed during the season, of which the first formed on June 11 and the final dissipated on September 30. Another tropical cyclone had formed within the basin in 1949, but was included in the Atlantic hurricane database, had it been classified operationally in the Eastern Pacific basin, would have tallied the overall season to seven tropical cyclones. In addition, there were two tropical cyclones that attained hurricane status, but none of them reached major hurricane intensity (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale). Tropical Storm Three threatened the Baja California Peninsula, while an unnumbered hurricane crossed into the Atlantic, later becoming the 1949 Texas hurricane.

Season summary

Tropical cyclones were recorded in the Eastern Pacific best track database for the first time in 1949.[1] Although official records began in the Eastern Pacific during this year,[2] the season saw the first officially recorded Atlantic-Pacific crossover tropical cyclone.[3] This season was also beginning of a cool phase for the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.[4]

Only six tropical cyclones were observed in the Eastern Pacific during this season, which is well below the 1949–2006 average of 13 per year. Of the six tropical cyclones, two only attained hurricane status. In addition, none of the tropical cyclones became a major hurricane, which is Category 3 or greater on Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. Although it is an oddity for no major hurricanes to occur during a season since the satellite era began, nearly all hurricane seasons during this time period lacked a major hurricane. However, it is likely that other tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific basin in 1949 went operationally unnoticed, due to lack of modern technology such as satellite imagery.[1] In addition to the six tropical cyclones, another tropical cyclone developed in the Eastern Pacific basin, but was included in the Atlantic basin hurricane database, rather than the Eastern Pacific.[2] Most of the seven tropical cyclones did not differentiate in intensity during the duration,[5] with the exception of Hurricane Six.[1] The first two tropical cyclones of the season formed in quick succession in during mid-June, however, the months of July and August went dormant in terms of tropical cyclogenesis. The last five tropical cyclones, including the additional storm, also developed in a quick sequence, all of which forming from in a span of 17 days. By October 1, all tropical cyclonic activity had completely ceased.[1][5]

Storms

Tropical Storm One

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration June 11 – June 12
Peak intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

The first tropical storm of the season formed 75 mi (120 km) south-southwest of Puerto Vallarta on June 11. Tropical Storm One headed out to sea without intensifying further than 50 mph (80 km/h). Heading west-northwestward, the storm dissipated on July 12, centered roughly halfway between Socorro Island and Cabo San Lucas.[5]

Tropical Storm Two

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration June 17 – June 23
Peak intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

Tropical Storm Two was first observed 440 mi (705 km) southwest of Zihuatanejo on June 16. While remaining far west of the Mexican coast, Two peaked as a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm. No change in intensity occurred, and the tropical storm dissipated southwest of Baja California at 1200 UTC June 23.[5]

Tropical Storm Three

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 3 – September 9
Peak intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

After no tropical cyclone activity in July and August, the third tropical storm formed offshore of southwestern Mexico on September 3. Like the previous two tropical cyclone, this storm had a peak of 50 mph (80 km/h), and did not intensify further. Tropical Storm Three headed northwestward, and began paralleling the coast of Baja California. On September 8, Tropical Storm Three turned abruptly south-southwestward, and dissipated by the next day.[5] The outer rainbands of this system were expected to bring squally weather over the Baja California Peninsula;[6] instead, this storm turned away without causing any impact.[7]

Hurricane Four

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 9 – September 11
Peak intensity 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 

The first hurricane of the season developed on September 9 while located 160 mi (260 km) east-southeast of Socorro Island, and tied Hurricane Six as the strongest tropical cyclone of the season. The hurricane slowly turned northward, and made landfall in Baja California Sur with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h) on September 11. Hurricane Six dissipated over Baja California about 10 hours later.[5] Since Four was expected to bring high waves and rough seas to Southern California, all marine operates and other interests in the region were alerted.[8]

Tropical Storm Five

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 17 – September 19
Peak intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 

The fifth tropical storm was observed offshore of Mexico, on September 17. Tropical Storm Five had no change in intensity past a 50 mph (85 km/h) tropical storm, similar to Tropical Storms One, Two, and Three. While paralleling the coast of Mexico, Tropical Storm Five passed only 75 mi (120 km) southwest of Manzanillo. The tropical storm curved northwestward on September 18, and headed out to sea. The system dissipated 135 mi (215 km) west-southwest of Islas Marías on September 19.[5]

Unnumbered tropical storm

Main article: 1949 Texas hurricane
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Duration September 27 – October 1 (Left basin)
Peak intensity 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min) 

In addition to the six tropical cyclones in the basin, another system September 27, although it was not included with the records in the East Pacific, the storm had been listed as Hurricane Ten in the Atlantic basin. Forming south of El Salvador, the storm was discovered as a minimal tropical storm. Failing to intensify past a minimal tropical storm, the system made landfall near the border of Guatemala and El Salvador on September 28. Moving inland, the storm did not weaken as it crossed through Guatemala and Mexico. The storm began to intensify while inland over Guatemala, and was a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm while it entered the Bay of Campeche. After entering the bay, the storm intensified into a hurricane, and eventually made landfall in Texas as a Category 4 hurricane.[2] This hurricane was the first officially recorded Atlantic-Pacific crossover tropical cyclone.[3] Overall, monetary losses totaled $10 million (1949 USD)[9] and two deaths were attributed to the storm.[10]

Hurricane Six

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS)
Duration September 29 – September 30
Peak intensity 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 

A tropical depression was first observed 300 mi (485 km) southeast of Socorro Island on September 29. The depression rapidly intensified, and was a Category 1 hurricane only twelve hours after being first observed. Peaking as an 85 mph (140 km/h) Category 1 hurricane, Hurricane Six tied Hurricane Four as the strongest tropical cyclone of the season. After reaching its peak intensity, Hurricane Six rapidly weakened, and passed 70 mi (125 km) southeast of Socorro Island with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h). Further weakening occurred, and the storm had dissipated on September 30.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (July 7, 2014). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2013". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved July 10, 2014. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (March 2, 2015). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Stephen Caparotta, D. Walston, Steven Young, Gary Padgett (April 4, 2010). "Subject: E15) What tropical storms and hurricanes have moved from the Atlantic to the Northeast Pacific or vice versa?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 3 January 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Variability of rainfall from tropical cyclones in Northwestern Mexico" (PDF). Atmosfera. 2008. p. 8. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Blake, Eric S; Gibney, Ethan J; Brown, Daniel P; Mainelli, Michelle; Franklin, James L; Kimberlain, Todd B; Hammer, Gregory R (2009). Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949-2006 (PDF). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2013.
  6. ↑ "WEATHER REPORT". L.A. Times (Los Angeles). September 4, 1949.
  7. ↑ "WEATHER REPORT". L.A. Times (Los Angeles). September 9, 1949.
  8. ↑ "Hurricane Slaps Bermuda, Heads For Sea Lanes". The News and Courier (Miami). United Press International. September 9, 1949. Retrieved October 30, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Rice Crop Damaged". New York City: The Pittsburgh Press. October 9, 1949. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  10. ↑ "Hurricane Kills 2, Then Losses Force". Pittsburgh: The Pittsburgh Press. October 4, 1949. Retrieved May 20, 2010.