1933 Tour de France

1933 Tour de France
Route of the 1933 Tour de France
Followed clockwise, starting in Paris
Race details
Dates 27 June–23 July 1933
Stages 23
Distance 4,395 km (2,731 mi)
Winning time 147h 51' 37" (29.818 km/h or 18.528 mph)
Palmares
Winner  Georges Speicher (France) (France)
Second  Learco Guerra (Italy) (Italy)
Third  Giuseppe Martano (Italy) (Touriste-routier)
Mountains  Vicente Trueba (Spain) (Touriste-routier)
Team France

The 1933 Tour de France was the 27th Tour de France, taking place June 27 to July 23, 1933. It consisted of 23 stages over 4,395 km, ridden at an average speed of 29.818 km/h.[1]

This race featured the introduction of the mountains competition, in which cyclists were challenged to climb the mountains the fastest, with points given to the fastest ascenders. This competition was won by Spanish Vicente Trueba, who reached 9 of the 16 mountain peaks first.[2]

The time bonus of two minutes had a large influence on the outcome of the race. Thanks to this bonus, Georges Speicher managed to win the race; without the bonus, Italian Giuseppe Martano would have been the winner.[3]

Changes from the 1932 Tour de France

In the 1932 Tour de France, the bonus system had had a major impact on the results: without these bonuses, the difference between the number one and number two would have been only three seconds, but with these bonuses, it became more than 24 minutes.[4] In 1933, the bonus time was reduced: only the winner received two minutes of bonus time.[2]

Since the 1913 Tour de France, the Tour de France had been counter-clockwise. In 1933, this changed, and the race was run clockwise again.[5]

Race favourites

Two cyclists on bicycles, one cyclist with his hand on the back of the other cyclist. In the background, one man is running in the same direction.
Georges Speicher and Leducq, two members of the French team in 1933.

Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and France entered national teams, consisting of eight cyclists. Additionally, 40 touriste-routiers, cyclists without a team, entered the race.[3]

The French team has been named the best collection of pre-war cyclists.[5] The Belgian team had talented riders, but were split between French-speaking and Dutch-speaking cyclists.[5] The Italian team was headed by Learco Guerra. Guerra had won three stages in the 1933 Giro d'Italia and had been world champion. Tour director Henri Desgrange had named Guerra as probable winner of the race.[5]

Race details

On 27 June 1933, the Tour de France was started by Josephine Baker.[5] The French team, that had won the last three Tours de France, started well. Maurice Archambaud won the first stage, and lead the general classification until the Alps. In the third stage, French sprinter Charles Pélissier, who had already won 13 Tour stages in his career, hit a car. He continued the race, but was injured, and finished behind the time limit.[5]

Until the eighth stage, the battle for the lead was between Archambaud and Learco Guerra. In that eighth stage, French cyclist Georges Speicher asked permission to his team leader Archambaud if he could go for the stage win, and he could. He raced away, and won the stage.[5]

Three men standing next to each other. The man in the middle is sitting on a bicycle with many flowers. The picture is slightly damaged, as if it is an old photograph.
Georges Lemaire, the Belgian cyclist who led the race after stages 9 and 10.

In the mountains of the ninth stage, Archambaud could not compete with the rest. When Archambaud folded on the Allos, somebody else could take over the lead. The next cyclist in the General Classification, Guerra, had a flat tire, and could not win enough time. In the end, it was unknown Belgian Georges Lemaire who took over the lead.[5][6] Guerra was only 23 seconds behind in the General Classification after that stage.[7]

In stage 10, all but six cyclists finished more than 22 minutes after the winner. According to the rules, the cut-off time (the extra time that a cyclist can lose on the stage winner before he is taken out of the race) was 8% of the time of the stage winner. That rule would have put everybody but these six cyclists out of the race. Because of this, the Tour director Henri Desgrange extended the cut-off time for this stage to 10%, in this way 43 cyclists stayed in the race.[2]

In the eleventh stage, the cut-off time was 10%. This would take four cyclists out of the race, but for them the cut-off time was increased to 15%. One of these cyclists had been hit by a car from the Tour direction.[2] Maurice Archambaud took back the lead after that stage thanks to the bonus time,[5] but not for long, as he lost time in the next stage.

Georges Speicher led the race from stage 12 on. In the mountains, Speicher struggled. He was dropped many times on the climbs, but was a good descender and managed to get back to the lead group every time.[6][8] Lemaire initially stayed close to Speicher, and was only 15 seconds behind in the general classification. l'Equipe wrote that with the help of his Belgian team, Lemaire could have challenged Speicher for the overall victory, especially thanks to the help of Jean Aerts. But the Belgian team was still divided between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking cyclists, and Jean Aerts did not help Lemaire but went for his own success.[5]

In the 21st stage, the initial winner Le Grèves together with the initial second-placed cyclist Louyet were punished by the jury, because of irregular sprinting. They were set back to the 6th and 7th place, and Jean Aerts, who initially was third, was named the winner of the race.[2]

In the 22nd stage, the winner of the race was determined by one lap in the velodrome.[2] This had not been planned, but was done because when the first group with 28 cyclists reached the velodrome, the gates were still closed.[5][9]

Before the last stage, Martano was in second place, and Guerra in third. This last stage was won by Guerra, and thanks to the bonus time of two minutes, Guerra took over the second place.[3]

Results

Stage winners

Stage results[2][10]
Stage Date[11] Route Terrain[Notes 1] Length Winner Race leader
1 27 June Paris – Lille Plain stage 262 km (163 mi)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
2 28 June Lille – Charleville Plain stage 192 km (119 mi)  Learco Guerra (ITA)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
3 29 June Charleville – Metz Plain stage 166 km (103 mi)  Alfons Schepers (BEL)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
4 30 June Metz – Belfort Stage with mountain(s) 220 km (140 mi)  Jean Aerts (BEL)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
5 1 July Belfort – Evian Stage with mountain(s) 293 km (182 mi)  Léon Louyet (BEL)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
6 3 July Evian – Aix-les-Bains Stage with mountain(s) 207 km (129 mi)  Learco Guerra (ITA)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
7 4 July Aix-les-Bains – Grenoble Stage with mountain(s) 229 km (142 mi)  Learco Guerra (ITA)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
8 5 July Grenoble – Gap Stage with mountain(s) 102 km (63 mi)  Georges Speicher (FRA)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
9 6 July Gap – Digne Stage with mountain(s) 227 km (141 mi)  Georges Speicher (FRA)  Georges Lemaire (BEL)
10 7 July Digne – Nice Plain stage 156 km (97 mi)  Fernand Cornez (FRA)  Georges Lemaire (BEL)
11 9 July Nice – Cannes Stage with mountain(s) 128 km (80 mi)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)
12 10 July Cannes – Marseille Plain stage 208 km (129 mi)  Georges Speicher (FRA)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
13 11 July Marseille – Montpellier Plain stage 168 km (104 mi)  André Leducq (FRA)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
14 12 July Montpellier – Perpignan Plain stage 166 km (103 mi)  André Leducq (FRA)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
15 14 July Perpignan – Ax-les-Thermes Stage with mountain(s) 158 km (98 mi)  Jean Aerts (BEL)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
16 15 July Ax-les-Thermes – Luchon Stage with mountain(s) 165 km (103 mi)  Léon Louyet (BEL)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
17 16 July Luchon – Tarbes Stage with mountain(s) 91 km (57 mi)  Jean Aerts (BEL)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
18 17 July Tarbes – Pau Stage with mountain(s) 185 km (115 mi)  Learco Guerra (ITA)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
19 19 July Pau – Bordeaux Plain stage 233 km (145 mi)  Jean Aerts (BEL)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
20 20 July Bordeaux – La Rochelle Plain stage 183 km (114 mi)  Jean Aerts (BEL)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
21 21 July La Rochelle – Rennes Plain stage 266 km (165 mi)  Jean Aerts (BEL)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
22 22 July Rennes – Caen Plain stage 169 km (105 mi)  René Le Grevès (FRA)  Georges Speicher (FRA)
23 23 July Caen – Paris Plain stage 222 km (138 mi)  Learco Guerra (ITA)  Georges Speicher (FRA)

Final general classification

A man with a cap drinking from a bottle.
The Belgian cyclist Alphonse Schepers having a drink.

The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.

The bonus in the 1933 Tour de France were also decisive for the overall victory. Without the bonus of two minutes for the stage winner, Giuseppe Martano would have won the race.[2] Speicher received six minutes for his three stage victories and Guerra ten minutes for five victories, whereas Martano had received no bonus time.

Final general classification (1–10)[2][12]
RankRiderTeamTime
1  Georges Speicher (FRA)France 147h 51' 37"
2  Learco Guerra (ITA)Italy +4' 01"
3  Giuseppe Martano (ITA)Touriste-routier +5' 08"
4  Georges Lemaire (BEL)Belgium +15' 45"
5  Maurice Archambaud (FRA)France +21' 22"
6  Vicente Trueba (ESP)Touriste-routier +27' 27"
7  Léon Level (FRA)Touriste-routier +35' 19"
8  Antonin Magne (FRA)France +36' 37"
9  Jean Aerts (BEL)Belgium +42' 53"
10  Kurt Stöpel (GER) Germany/Austria +45' 28"

Final team classification

For the fourth time, there was an official team competition, this time won by the French team.[2] The team classification was calculated in 1933 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner.

Team classification (1–3)[3]
RankTeamTime
1  France 444h 32' 50"
2  Belgium +1h 20' 56"
3  Germany/ Austria +2h 40' 24"

Mountains classification

The mountains classification in the Tour de France was calculated for the first time in 1933. There were 16 mountains in de route of the 1933 Tour de France, and for the first cyclists to reach the top of the mountain, points were given. The first on the top got 10 points, the second 9 points, and so on, until the tenth cyclist who received 1 point. In 1933, it was sponsored by Martini & Rossi.[5]

Mountains classification 1933 (1–3)[2][3]
RankRiderTeamPoints[Notes 2]
1  Vicente Trueba (ESP)Touriste-routier 134 (126)
2  Antonin Magne (FRA)France 81 (78)
3  Giuseppe Martano (ITA)Touriste-routier 78 (75)

Aftermath

For the 1933 UCI Road World Championships, that was held after the race, Tour de France winner Georges Speicher was initially not selected. Only after a French cyclist that had been selected dropped out, Speicher was brought in as a replacement at the last notice, and won the race.[3] Speicher was the first cyclist to win the Tour de France and the World Championship in the same year.[8]

The national team format that had been introduced in 1930, had in four races produced four French victories. The French audience was therefore greatly interested in the race, and the organising newspaper l'Auto had a record circulation of 854000.[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ In 1933, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate whether the stage included mountains that counted for the mountains classification.
  2. ↑ The sources do not agree

References

  1. ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 6" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 "27ème Tour de France 1933" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Tom James (15 August 2003). "1933: Speicher continues the French dominance". Archived from the original on 2009-10-03. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  4. ↑ Tom James (15 August 2003). "1932: A bonus for Leducq". Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2006). The Story of the Tour De France. dog ear publishing. pp. 108–112. ISBN 978-1-59858-180-5. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The tour: year 1933". Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  7. ↑ "27ème Tour de France 1933 - 9ème étape" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Tom James (2004). "French continue domination!". Cyling revealed. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
  9. ↑ "De Ronde van Frankrijk". De Poperinghenaar (in Dutch). 30 July 1933. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  10. ↑ Arian Zwegers. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
  11. ↑ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 3" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
  12. ↑ "Guerra, prendendo in volata la rivincita su Aerta e Leducq riguadagna il secondo posto nella classifica generale e Martano, primo degl'isolati, ottiene un autentico trionfo" [Guerra, taking revenge on sprint Aerta and Leducq regains second place in the overall standings and Martano first degl'isolati, gets a real triumph]. Il Littoriale (in Italian). Milan, Italy. 24 July 1933. p. 1. Retrieved 7 July 2013.