1926 in science
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The year 1926 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- March 16 – Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-fueled rocket, at Auburn, Massachusetts.
Biology
- American microbiologist Selman Waksman publishes Enzymes.
- The Quarterly Review of Biology is established by Raymond Pearl in the United States.
Chemistry
- Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company develop a method of plasticizing polyvinyl chloride, giving it commercial potential.
- Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) is first synthesized.
Earth sciences
- Vladimir Vernadsky popularises the concept of the biosphere in a book (in Russian) of this title.
Mathematics
- Otakar Borůvka publishes Borůvka's algorithm, introducing the greedy algorithm.[1][2][3]
Medicine
- First vaccine for Pertussis.
- American biogerontologist Raymond Pearl publishes his book Alcohol and Longevity[4] demonstrating that drinking alcohol in moderation is associated with greater longevity than either abstaining or drinking heavily.[5]
Paleontology
- Gerhard Heilmann publishes The Origin of Birds (in English) on bird evolution.
Technology
- February – Hidetsugu Yagi and Shintaro Uda publish the first description of the Yagi-Uda antenna.
- July
- Alan A. Griffith publishes An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design, proposing an airfoil shape for turbine blades.[6][7]
- Carl Zeiss, Jena, open a planetarium housed in a geodesic dome designed by Walther Bauersfeld.[8]
- November 23 – The aerosol spray can is patented by Erik Rotheim, a Norwegian chemical engineer.[9]
- Ulster-born engineer Harry Ferguson is granted a British patent for his 'Duplex' hitch linking tractor and plough.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Physics – Jean Baptiste Perrin
- Chemistry – Theodor Svedberg
- Medicine – Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger
- Copley Medal: Frederick Hopkins
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Henry Fairfield Osborn
Births
- January 11 – Lev Demin (died 1998), cosmonaut.
- January 29 – Abdus Salam (died 1996), theoretical physicist.
- February – David Medved (died 2009), American physicist.
- April 3 – Gus Grissom (died 1967), astronaut.
- May 8 – David Attenborough, English broadcaster and naturalist.
- July 27 – W. David Kingery (died 2000), materials scientist specializing in ceramic materials.
- September 4 – George William Gray (died 2013), Scottish chemist who discovered stable liquid crystal materials leading to the development of liquid crystal displays.
- October 2 – Michio Suzuki (died 1998), mathematician.
- October 12 – Ruth L. Kirschstein (died 2009), American pathologist and science administrator at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
- October 31 – Narinder Singh Kapany, physicist.
Deaths
- March 5 – Clément Ader (born 1841), engineer and inventor, airplane pioneer.
- April 11 – Luther Burbank (born 1849), plant breeder.
- July 21 – Washington Roebling (born 1837), civil engineer.
- September 23 – Paul Kammerer (born 1880), Lamarckian biologist (suicide).
- October 7 – Emil Kraepelin (born 1856), psychiatrist.
- October 10 – Clara H. Hasse, botanist
- November 26 – John Moses Browning (born 1855), inventor.
References
- ↑ Borůvka, Otakar (1926). "O jistém problému minimálním [About a certain minimal problem]". Práce mor. přírodověd. spol. v Brně III (in Czech, German summary) 3: 37–58.
- ↑ Borůvka, Otakar (1926). "Příspěvek k řešení otázky ekonomické stavby elektrovodních sítí [Contribution to the solution of a problem of economical construction of electrical networks]". Elektronický Obzor (in Czech) 15: 153–4.
- ↑ Nešetřil, Jaroslav; Milková, Eva; Nešetřilová, Helena (2001). "Otakar Borůvka on minimum spanning tree problem: translation of both the 1926 papers, comments, history". Discrete Mathematics 233 (1–3): 3–36. doi:10.1016/S0012-365X(00)00224-7. MR 1825599.
- ↑ Pearl, Raymond (1926). Alcohol and Longevity. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-405-13615-3.
- ↑ Boyle, Peter; Boffetta, Paolo; Lowenfels, Albert B.; Burns, Harry; Brawley, Otis; Zatonski, Witold; Rehm, Jürgen (2013). Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780199655786.
- ↑ Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Report no. H 1111.
- ↑ Rubbra, A. A. (1964). "Alan Arnold Griffith. 1893-1963". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 10: 117–136. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1964.0008. JSTOR 769315.
- ↑ Photographs of the Zeiss Optical Company's first geodesic dome.
- ↑ Bellis, Mary. "The History of Aerosol Spray Cans". About.com. Retrieved 2011-06-27.