1897 in literature

The year 1897 in literature involved some significant literary events and new books.

Events

1st ed.

• January–March - Oscar Wilde, imprisoned in Reading Gaol in England, writes his letter to his lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, De Profundis.
• January 2 - Newspapers in London, England erroneously report the death of Mark Twain. It is believed that the rumors began when Twain's cousin had become ill. Twain makes his famous statement "the report of my death was an exaggeration."
• April 13 - The Grand Guignol is opened in Paris by Oscar Méténier.
• May 19 - Oscar Wilde is released from Reading Gaol and sets out for exile on the continent under the name "Sebastian Melmoth".
• May 26 - Theatrical manager Bram Stoker's contemporary Gothic horror novel Dracula is published in London by Constable with a late change of title from The Un-Dead; it will influence the direction of vampire literature for the following century.^[1] On May 18 he had staged a reading of a dramatised version at the Lyceum Theatre, London.^[2]
• July 25 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
• December 30 - The comedy The White Horse Inn (Im weißen Rößl), by Oscar Blumenthal and Gustav Kadelburg, opens in Berlin; decades later it will be turned into a popular and successful musical play.
• Hall Caine's novel The Christian is published, becoming the first in Britain to sell a million copies.^[3]
• Anna Katharine Green's novel That Affair Next Door introduces the first female fictional detective character, Amelia Butterworth, an inquisitive New York society spinster.
• Benito Pérez Galdós is elected to the Real Academia Española.
• The publisher Doubleday is founded as the Doubleday & McClure Company by Frank Nelson Doubleday^[4] in partnership with magazine publisher Samuel McClure in New York City.
• The publisher Commercial Press (simplified Chinese: 商务印书馆; traditional Chinese: 商務印書館; pinyin: Shāngwù Yìnshūguǎn) is founded as the first modern publishing organisation in China by 26-year-old Xia Ruifang and three friends in Shanghai.

New books

• John Kendrick Bangs - Pursuit of the House-Boat
• L. Frank Baum - Mother Goose in Prose
• Hall Caine - The Christian
• Kate Chopin
  • A Night in Acadie (short story collection)
  • "A Pair of Silk Stockings" (short story published in Vogue, September)
• Joseph Conrad - The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'
• Mary E. Wilkins Freeman - Jerome
• George Gissing - The Whirlpool
• Ellen Glasgow - The Descendant
• Sarah Grand - The Beth Book
• Thomas Hardy - The Well-Beloved
• Henry James
  • The Spoils of Poynton
  • What Maisie Knew
• Fred T. Jane - To Venus in Five Seconds
• Hans E. Kinck - Den nye kapellanen
• Rudyard Kipling - Captains Courageous
• Camille Lemonnier - L'Homme en Amour
• Pierre Loti - Ramuntcho
• Richard Marsh - The Beetle
• W. Somerset Maugham - Liza of Lambeth
• Silas Weir Mitchell - Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker
• Bolesław Prus - Pharaoh (Faraon; book publication)
• Władysław Reymont - The Promised Land (Ziemia Obiecana; serialization begins)
• Amanda McKittrick Ros - Irene Iddesleigh
• Robert Louis Stevenson, completed posthumously by Arthur Quiller-Couch - St. Ives
• Bram Stoker - Dracula
• August Strindberg - Inferno
• Jules Verne - An Antarctic Mystery (Le Sphinx des glaces)
• Ethel Lilian Voynich - The Gadfly
• Lew Wallace - The Wooing of Malkatoon
• H. G. Wells - The Invisible Man

New drama

• Gabriele D'Annunzio - Il Sogno di un mattino di primavera
• Anton Chekhov - Uncle Vanya (published)
• Octave Mirbeau - Les Mauvais bergers (The Bad Shepherds)
• Edmond Rostand - Cyrano de Bergerac
• Arthur Schnitzler - La Ronde (Reigen; not performed until 1921)

Poetry

• Þorsteinn Erlingsson - Þyrnar ("Thorns")
• See also 1897 in poetry

Non-fiction

• Adolphe Appia - Musique et mise en scéne ("Music and staging")
• Annie Besant - The Ancient Wisdom
• Émile Durkheim - Le Suicide
• Stéphane Mallarmé - Divagations
• Nouveau Larousse illustré

Births

• January 11 – Bernard DeVoto, American historian (died 1955)
• January 19 – Natacha Rambova (Winifred Shaughnessy), American dramatist (died 1966)
• January 27 – Iris Tree, English poet (died 1968)
• March 8 – Josep Pla, Catalan journalist and writer (died 1981)
• March 23 – Béla Hamvas, Hungarian philosopher (died 1968)
• May 11 – Carola Oman, English historical novelist, biographer and children's writer (died 1978)
• July 1 – Edward Wyndham Tennant, English poet (killed in action 1916)
• July 15 – R. J. Yeatman, English humorous author (died 1968)
• August 11
  • Enid Blyton, English children's author (died 1968)
  • Louise Bogan, American poet (died 1970)
• September 25 – William Faulkner, American novelist (died 1962)
• September 26 – Michael Joseph, English publisher (died 1958)
• October 3 – James Hanley, English novelist and dramatist of Irish descent (died 1985
• October 22 – Marjorie Flack, American children's author (died 1958)
• November 1 – Naomi Mitchison, Scottish novelist and poet (died 1999)
• November 7 – Herman J. Mankiewicz, American screenwriter (died 1953)
• November 8 – Dorothy Day, American journalist (died 1980)
• December 3 – Kate O'Brien, Irish novelist and dramatist (died 1974)
• October 23 – Arab Shamilov, Kurdish novelist (died 1978)

Deaths

• March 2 – Guillermo Prieto, Mexican novelist, short-story writer and poet (born 1818)
• March 6 – E. Cobham Brewer, English lexicographer (born 1810)
• March 7 – Harriet Ann Jacobs, African-American writer (born 1813)
• March 11 – Henry Drummond, Scottish evangelist and writer on natural history (born 1851)
• April 26 – Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai, Indian scholar and dramatist (born 1855)
• June 25 – Margaret Oliphant, Scottish novelist (born 1828)
• July 6 – Henri Meilhac, French dramatist and opera librettist (born 1831)
• July 20 – Jean Ingelow, English novelist and poet (born 1820)
• July 28 – Étienne Vacherot, French philosophical writer (born 1809)
• August 2 – Adam Asnyk, Polish poet and dramatist (born 1838)
• August 5 – James Hammond Trumbull, American philologist (born 1821)
• August 8 – Jacob Burckhardt, Swiss historian (born 1818)
• August 25 – Léon Gautier, French historian (born 1832)
• September 9
  • Richard Holt Hutton, English critic and journalist (born 1826)
  • Ferenc Pulszky, Hungarian political writer (born 1814)
• October 23 – Jessie Catherine Couvreur, Australian novelist (born 1848)
• October 24 – Francis Turner Palgrave, English anthologist (born 1824)
• December 17 – Alphonse Daudet, French novelist (born 1840)

Awards

• Stanhope Essay Prize - John Buchan

References