1865 in the United Kingdom
 1865 in the United Kingdom: |
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| 1865 English cricket season |
Events from the year 1865 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch — Victoria
- Prime Minister — The Viscount Palmerston (Liberal; until 18 October), Lord John Russell (Liberal)
Events
- April — Official opening of Crossness Pumping Station, a major landmark in completion of the new London sewerage system designed by Joseph Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works.[1]
- 28 May — The Mimosa sets sail, carrying Welsh emigrants to Patagonia.
- 4 June — The lyrics of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers", written by Sabine Baring-Gould as "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners", are first sung by children processing to St Peter's Church, Horbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire.[2]
- 9 June — Staplehurst rail crash in Kent: 10 killed, 49 injured; Charles Dickens is amongst the survivors.
- 25 June — James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton.
- July — General election won by the Liberal Party led by Lord Palmerston.[3]
- 2 July — The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.[1][4]
- 4 July — Lewis Carroll publishes his children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland[1][5] (first trade edition in December).
- 5 July — First speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act — 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.[4]
- 14 July — A party led by Edward Whymper makes the first ascent of the Matterhorn.[1]
- 23 July — The SS Great Eastern departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable.[1]
- September — John Henry Walsh (writing as 'Stonehenge' in the magazine The Field) gives the first definition of a dog breed standard (for the pointer) based on physical form.[6]
- 28 September — Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor.[4]
- 9 to 20 October — Unsuccessful uprising against British rule in Morant Bay, Jamaica; 400 rebels executed.[5]
- 29 October — Lord John Russell becomes Prime Minister following the death of Lord Palmerston on 18 October.[1]
- 6 November — American Civil War: Surrender to HMS Donegal at Liverpool of the Confederate commerce raider CSS Shenandoah.
- 11 November — Duar War with Bhutan ends with the Treaty of Sinchula, in which Bhutan cedes control of southern passes to Britain in return for an annual subsidy.[1]
- 16 December — Edward John Eyre, governor of Jamaica, dismissed and censured for his excessive actions during the suppression of the recent rebellion.[5]
Illustration by John Tenniel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Undated
- Francis Galton formulates eugenics.[7]
- James Clerk Maxwell publishes A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.[1]
- Joseph Lister discovers the sterilising effects of carbolic acid.[1]
- Major outbreak of rinderpest in British cattle.
- New Poor Law Act improves conditions in workhouses.[5]
- Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation founded in Hong Kong by Thomas Sutherland.[1]
- Jumbo, a large African elephant, is transferred to London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.
- Gladiateur wins the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger.
Publications
- Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
- Charles Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend (publication concludes).[5]
- Robert Smith Surtees' novel Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (posthumous).
- A. C. Swinburne's narrative poem Atalanta in Calydon.
- Anthony Trollope's novel Can You Forgive Her? (publication concludes).
Births
- 9 April — Laurence Hope, poet (died 1904)
- 2 June — George Lohmann, cricketer (died 1901)
- 3 June — Prince George of Wales (later George V; died 1936)
- 15 July — Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, newspaper and publishing magnate (died 1922)
- 12 October — Arthur Harden, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940)
- 20 October — Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)
- 27 October — Tinsley Lindley, footballer (died 1940)
- 4 December — Edith Cavell, nurse (died 1915)
- 30 December — Rudyard Kipling, writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936)
Deaths
- 6 February — Mrs Isabella Beeton, writer on household management and cookery (born 1836)
- 11 March — Robert Hermann Schomburgk, explorer (born 1804 in Freiburg)
- 27 May — Charles Waterton, naturalist and explorer (born 1782)
- 8 June — Joseph Paxton, gardener and architect (born 1803)
- 25 July — Dr James Barry, military surgeon, revealed on death to be a woman, probably Margaret Ann Bulkley (born 1789-1799).
- 12 August — William Jackson Hooker, botanist (born 1785)
- 9 September — William Henry Smyth, astronomer and admiral (born 1788)
- 18 October — Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister (born 1784)
- 1 November — John Lindley, botanist (born 1799)
- 8 November — Thomas Sayers, boxer (born 1826)
- 12 November — Mrs Elizabeth Gaskell, novelist and biographer (born 1810)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1865". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
- ↑ Bradley, Ian (1989). The Book of Hymns. New York: Testament Books. p. 333.
- ↑ "Time traveller's guide to Victorian Britain". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. p. 286. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ↑ "First modern dog discovered". University of Manchester. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
- ↑ Galton, Francis (1865). "Hereditary talent and character". Macmillan's Magazine 12: 157–166, 318–327. Archived from the original on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.