1834

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1834.

Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

Zollverein and German Unification

The Buxton Memorial Fountain in London, celebrating the emancipation of slaves.

January–March

• January 1 – Zollverein: Customs charges are abolished at borders within Germany.
• January 3 – The government of Mexico imprisons Stephen F. Austin in Mexico City.
• February – Robert Owen organizes the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union in the United Kingdom.
• March 6 – York, Upper Canada, is incorporated as Toronto.
• March 11 – United States Survey of the Coast transferred to the Department of the Navy.
• March 14 – John Herschel discovers the open cluster of stars now known as NGC 3603, observing from the Cape of Good Hope.^[1]
• March 27 – Andrew Jackson is censured by the Congress of the United States (expunged in 1837).
• March 19 – Founding of Cavendish Villa Football Club.

April–June

• April 14 – The Whig Party is officially named by United States Senator Henry Clay.
• June 7 – Greek independence: General Theodoros Kolokotronis is sentenced to death for treason for resisting the rule of Otto of Greece (he is released next year).
• June 10 – Thomas Carlyle moves to Cheyne Row (Carlyle's House) in London.

July–September

• July 15 – The Spanish Inquisition, which began in the 15th century, is suppressed by royal decree.
• July 16 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne succeeds Earl Grey as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July 24 – The Liberal Wars end in Portugal.
• July 29 – Office of Indian Affairs organized in the United States.
• August 1 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire by the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
• August 11–August 12 – Ursuline Convent Riots: A convent of Ursuline nuns is burned near Boston.
• August 12 – In the Empire of Brazil, the Additional Act provides for establishment of the Provincial Legislative Assembly; extinction of the State Council; replacement of the Regency Trina; and introduction of a direct and secret ballot.
• August 14 – The Poor Law Amendment Act in the United Kingdom states that no able-bodied British man can receive assistance unless he enters a workhouse (a kind of poorhouse).
• August 15 – The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there.
• September 13 – The Gleaner newspaper first published in Jamaica.

October–December

• October 16 – The Palace of Westminster is destroyed by fire.
• December 10 – Sir Robert Peel succeeds Lord Melbourne as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• December 11 – The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch-speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.

Date unknown

• A pro-republic uprising fails in Piedmont; one of the activists is Giuseppe Garibaldi.
• The British East India Company monopoly on China trade ends.
• Athens becomes Greece's capital city.
• Medical School of Louisiana is founded, later to become Tulane University in New Orleans.
• Charles Babbage begins the conceptual design of an "analytical engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer. It will not be built in his lifetime.^[2][3]
• Thomas Davenport, the inventor of the first American DC electrical motor, installs his motor in a small model car, creating one of the first electric cars.
• The Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad is chartered in Wilmington, North Carolina.^[4]
• The Romanian language is banned in schools and government facilities in Bessarabia.^[5]

Births

January–June

• January 7 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor (d. 1874)
• January 15 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (d. 1911)
• February 8 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907)
• February 9 – Felix Dahn, German author (d. 1912)
• February 16 – Ernst Haeckel, German zoologist and philosopher (d. 1919)
• February 19 – Charles Davis Lucas, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1914)
• February 27 – Charles C. Carpenter, American admiral (d. 1899)
• March 16 – James Hector, Scottish geologist (d. 1907)

Gottlieb Daimler.

• March 17 – Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer and inventor (d. 1900)
• March 20 – Charles W. Eliot, American President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
• March 23 – Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858)
• March 24
  • John Wesley Powell, American explorer (d. 1902)
  • William Morris, English poet and artist (d. 1896)
• April 1 – Big Jim Fisk, American entrepreneur (d. 1872)
• April 2 – Frédéric Bartholdi, French sculptor (d. 1904)
• April 26 – Artemus Ward, American humorist (d. 1867)
• May 23 – Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish sculptor (d. 1890)
• June 19 – Charles Spurgeon, English Baptist preacher (d. 1892)

July–December

• July 11 – James McNeill Whistler, American painter and etcher (d. 1903)
• July 19 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
• August 4 – John Venn, British mathematician (d. 1923)
• August 22 – Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer, physicist, and aeronautics pioneer (d. 1906)
• August 31 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer (d. 1886)
• September 9 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English novelist (d. 1903)
• October 6 – Walter Kittredge, American composer (d. 1905)
• November 8 – Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, German astrophysicist (d. 1882)
• November 19 – Georg Hermann Quincke, German physicist (d. 1924)
• November 21 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916)
• December 16 – Léon Walras, French economist (d. 1910)

Deaths

January–June

• January 12 – William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1759)
• January 17 – Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist (b. 1762)
• February 2 – Lorenzo Dow, American minister (b. 1777)
• February 12 – Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian (b. 1768)
• February 23 – Karl Ludwig von Knebel, German poet (b. 1744)
• March 2 – José Cecilio del Valle, first President of Central America (b. 1780)
• March 30 – Rudolph Ackermann, Anglo-German entrepreneur (b. 1764)
• April 5 – Vice-Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats, Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1757)
• April 10 – John 'Merino' MacArthur, Australian farmer (b. 1767)
• April 11 – John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, English philanthropist and patron of the arts and sciences (b. 1757)
• April 29 – Grigore IV Ghica, prince of Wallachia (b. 1755)
• May 20 – Marquis de La Fayette, French nobleman and soldier (b. 1757)

July–December

• July 12 – David Douglas, Scottish botanist (b. 1799)
• July 14 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
• July 19 – Károly Hadaly, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1743)
• July 25 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English writer (b. 1772)
• August 1 – Robert Morrison, British Protestant missionary to China (b. 1782)
• August 7 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor (b. 1752)
• August 17 – Husein Gradaščević, Bosnian rebel leader (b. 1802)
• September 2 – Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer (b. 1757)
• September 5 – Thomas Lee, English architect (b. 1794)
• September 9 – James Weddell, Antarctic explorer (b. 1787)
• September 16 – William Blackwood, Scottish writer (b. 1776)
• September 24 – Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1798)
• October 8 – François-Adrien Boieldieu, French composer (b. 1775)
• October 11 – William Napier, 9th Lord Napier, British Navy officer, politician and diplomat (b. 1786)
• December 23 – Thomas Malthus, English economist and political philosopher (b. 1766)
• December 27 – Charles Lamb, English essayist (b. 1775)
• December 31 – João Batista Gonçalves Campos, Intellectual leader of the Cabanagem, social revolt in the vice-Kingdom of Grão-Pará, Brazil (b. 1782)

References