1819 in literature

The year 1819 in literature involved some significant events.

Events

• April - John Keats begins his "Great Year" or "Living Year", during which he is at his most productive, having given up work at Guy's Hospital and taken up residence at a new house, Wentworth Place, on Hampstead Heath on the edge of London. On April 3, Charles Wentworth Dilke lets his house, next door to Keats, to Mrs Brawne, whose daughter Fanny would become the love of Keats' life. Between April 21 and the end of May Keats writes La Belle Dame sans Merci and most of his major odes: Ode to Psyche, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Indolence and Ode on Melancholy. In the summer he writes Lamia; on September 19 he writes his ode To Autumn at Winchester;^[1] and on October 19 proposes marriage to Fanny.

Keats' home during 1819

• April 1 - In London The New Monthly Magazine publishes John Polidori's Gothic fiction The Vampyre, the first significant piece of prose vampire literature in English, attributing it to Lord Byron (who partly inspired it). It is first published in book form later in the year.
• June 23 - Washington Irving begins publishing The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. in seven installments — the first of which includes "Rip Van Winkle" and the last of which includes "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" — simultaneously in the United States and the United Kingdom.
• August 16 - The Peterloo Massacre takes place in England, inspiring Percy Bysshe Shelley, in Italy, who, like Keats, has one of his most productive years. After hearing the news on September 5 he writes The Masque of Anarchy and sends it to a newspaper (although it is not published until 1832, after his death), also writing the political sonnet England in 1819 (published 1839), Ode to the West Wind (published 1820), The Cenci: A Tragedy, in Five Acts (printed in Italy, but not first performed publicly until 1922) and Julian and Maddalo (published in his Posthumous Poems of 1824) and beginning his prose work A Philosophical View of Reform.
• October - In Britain, Richard Carlile is convicted of blasphemy and sent to prison for publishing The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine.
• Joseph Perl's epistolary novel Megalleh Temirim ("Revealer of Secrets"), written under the name "Obadiah ben Pethahiah" and published in Vienna, is the first novel in the Hebrew language.
• The publisher Collins is founded as a printer of religious literature in Glasgow by William Collins.
• W. & R. Chambers, established by brothers William Chambers of Glenormiston and Robert Chambers in Edinburgh, begin publishing.

New books

• Edward Ball - The Black Robber
• Ann Hatton - The Oath of Vengeance
• Washington Irving - The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
• E. T. A. Hoffmann - Das Fräulein von Scuderi: Erzählung aus dem Zeitalter Ludwig des Vierzehnten (novella published in Taschenbuch für das Jahr 1820)
• Joseph Perl - Megalleh Temirim
• John William Polidori - The Vampyre
• Walter Scott (anonymously)
  • The Bride of Lammermoor
  • Ivanhoe
  • A Legend of Montrose

New drama

• József Katona - Bánk bán
• Alessandro Manzoni - Il Conte di Carmagnola
• Percy Bysshe Shelley - The Cenci, a Tragedy, in Five Acts

Poetry

• Lord Byron - Mazeppa, containing "Fragment of a Novel" as a supplement
• Thomas Campbell - Specimens of the British Poets
• Barry Cornwall - Dramatic Scenes and other Poems
• John Keats
  • La Belle Dame sans Merci
  • Odes (including Ode to Psyche, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Melancholy and To Autumn)
• Percy Bysshe Shelley
  • The Cenci, a Tragedy, in Five Acts
  • Ode to the West Wind
  • The Masque of Anarchy
  • Men of England
  • England in 1819
  • The Witch of Atlas
  • Julian and Maddalo

Non-fiction

• Abbé Faria - Le sommeil lucide
• Jakob Grimm - German Grammar
• Georg Hermes - Philosophical Introduction to Christian Theology
• Richard Colt Hoare - A Classical Tour through Italy and Sicily
• Arthur Schopenhauer - The World as Will and Representation
• Percy Bysshe Shelley - A Philosophical View of Reform (published in 1920)

Births

• January 1 – Arthur Hugh Clough, English poet (died 1861)
• January 21 – Edward Capern, English poet (died 1894)
• January 22 – Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle, Italian writer and art critic (died 1897)
• February 22 – James Russell Lowell, American poet (died 1891)
• April 23 – Bernard Quaritch, German-born English philologist and bookseller (died 1899)
• May 31 – Walt Whitman, American poet (died 1892)
• August 1 – Herman Melville, American novelist (died 1891)
• November 22 – George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), English novelist, poet and journalist (died 1880)
• December 26 – E. D. E. N. Southworth, American writer (died 1899)
• December 30 – Theodor Fontane, German novelist (died 1898)
• Unknown date – Butrus al-Bustani, Lebanese writer (died 1883)

Deaths

• January 12
  • André Morellet, French economist and philosopher (born 1727)
  • Benedikte Naubert, German historical novelist (born 1752)
• February 12 – Joan Ramis, Spanish historian (born 1746)
• March 23
  • August von Kotzebue, German dramatist (born 1761)
  • Jean-Antoine-Marie Monperlier, French poet and dramatist (born 1788)
• April 17 – William Holland, English diarist (born 1746)
• October 30 – John Bowles, English political writer and lawyer (born 1751)
• November 2 – Théodore-Pierre Bertin, French writer and pioneer of shorthand (born 1751)
• November 23 – Quintin Craufurd, Scottish historian (born 1743)
• Unknown dates
  • Abu Rumi, Ethiopian Bible translator into Amharic (born c. 1750)
  • Wang Yun, Chinese poet and playwright (born 1749)

Awards

• Chancellor's Gold Medal for Poetry - Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay
• Newdigate Prize - H. J. Urquhart^[2]

In literature

• Honoré de Balzac - Le Père Goriot (1834)

References