1809 in science
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The year 1809 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- Carl Friedrich Gauss publishes Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientum in Hamburg, introducing the Gaussian gravitational constant and containing an influential treatment of the least squares method.[1]
- S. D. Poisson publishes Sur les inégalités séculaires des moyens mouvements des planètes and Sur la variation des constantes arbitraires dans les questions de mécanique in the Journal of the École Polytechnique, extending Lagrange's theory of planetary orbits.
Biology
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining his theory of evolution.
Geology
- William Maclure publishes the first geological map of the United States with accompanying memoir.[1][2]
Mathematics
- Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra.
Medicine
- December 25 – American physician Ephraim McDowell performs the world's first ovariotomy, the removal of an ovarian tumor.[3]
- Philippe Pinel publishes accounts of what would later be regarded as schizophrenia.[4]
Technology
- February 11 – Robert Fulton patents the steamboat in the United States.[5][6]
- Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring invents a water voltameter electrical telegraph.[1]
- William Hyde Wollaston invents the reflecting goniometer.
Awards
Births
- January 4 – Louis Braille (died 1852), inventor.
- February 12 – Charles Darwin (died 1882), naturalist.
- February 15 – Cyrus McCormick (died 1884), inventor.
- February 21 – Carl Ernst Bock (died 1874), physician and anatomist.
- April 15 – Hermann Günther Grassmann (died 1877), mathematician.
- August 29 – Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (died 1894), physician and writer.
- November 22 – Bénédict Morel (died 1873), psychiatrist.
- Date unknown – Marie Durocher (died 1893), physician.
Deaths
- May 17 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (born 1722).
- August 18 – Matthew Boulton, English engineer (born 1728).
- October 11 – Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (born 1774).
- December 16 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist (born 1755)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Grun, Bernard (1991). "1809". The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 379. ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
- ↑ "Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 4: 91. 1809.
- ↑ Othersen, H. Biemann (May 2004). "Ephraim McDowell The Qualities of a Good Surgeon". Annals of Surgery 239 (5): 648–650. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000124382.04128.5a. PMC 1356272. PMID 15082968. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
- ↑ Heinrichs, R. W. (2003). "Historical origins of schizophrenia: two early madmen and their illness". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 39: 349–63. doi:10.1002/jhbs.10152. PMID 14601041.
- ↑ "Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809". Thinkfinity. Verizon. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
- ↑ "The Fulton Patents". Today in Science History. Retrieved 2011-04-15.