1805

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Year 1805 (MDCCCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. After thirteen years the French First Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar.

March 4: Thomas Jefferson.

Events

January–March

• January 11 – Michigan Territory is created.
• February 15 – The Harmony Society is officially formed as a Christian community in Harmony, Pennsylvania.
• March 1 – Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted of impeachment charges by the United States Senate.
• March 4 – Thomas Jefferson is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States.
• March 5 – The New Brunswick Legislature passes a bill to advance literacy in the province, which eventually leads to the creation of public education in what is now Canada.

April–June

• April 7 – Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, Eroica, has its public premiere at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna under his baton.
• April 27 – Battle of Derne: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (the "Shores of Tripoli").
• April 29 – Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck is appointed as Grand Pensionary of the Batavian Republic by Napoleon.
• May 26 – Napoleon is crowned King of Italy.
• May 31–June 2 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Diamond Rock: A Franco-Spanish fleet captures the strategic island of Diamond Rock off Martinique in the West Indies from the British occupying force.
• June 1 – Tuscan-born composer Luigi Boccherini is buried in St. Michael's Basilica, Madrid, after being found dead on May 28.
• June 4 – The First Barbary War ends between Tripoli and the United States of America.
• June 4
  • The first Trooping the Colour ceremony is held at the Horse Guards Parade in London.
  • Detroit burns to the ground; most of the city is destroyed.
• June 13 – Lewis and Clark Expedition in the United States: Scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River, confirming they are heading in the right direction.

June 13: Lewis & Clark.

July–September

• July 9 – Muhammad Ali Pasha founds his dynasty in Egypt.
• July 26 – An earthquake killed 5,573 people in Molise and Campania, Italy

October–December

• October 17 – Napoleonic Wars
  • Battle of Elchingen: An Austrian corps under Johann von Riesch is defeated by Marshal Ney.
  • Battle of Ulm: Austrian General Mack von Leiberich is forced to surrender his entire army to Napoleon after being surrounded.
• October 21 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Trafalgar: British naval fleet led by Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain; however, Admiral Nelson is fatally shot.

October 21: Battle of Trafalgar, victory for Nelson.

December 2: Battle of Austerlitz, victory for Napoleon.

• November 7 – The Lewis and Clark Expedition arrives at the Pacific Ocean.
• November 11 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Dürenstein: 8,000 French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
• November 16 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Schöngrabern: Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat.
• November 20 – Beethoven's only opera Fidelio in its original form (known retrospectively as Leonore) is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, which at this time is under French military occupation.
• November 26 – The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is opened in Wales; it is 1,007 ft (307 m) long and 126 ft (38 m) tall.
• December 2 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of Austerlitz: French troops under Napoleon decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force.
• December 26 – The Peace of Pressburg is signed between France and Austria.

Date unknown

• King Anouvong becomes ruler of Vientiane.
• Napoleon annuls the 10-day week of the French Republican Calendar with effect from 1 January 1806 (the day after 10 Nivôse an XIV); he also orders his soldiers to be vaccinated.
• Sweden declares war on France.
• The Horse Patrol, a mounted law enforcement force, is founded in London, England.
• James Squire becomes the first person in Australia to cultivate Hops.
• Old Man of the Mountain is first mentioned.

Births

January–June

• January 8 – Orson Hyde, American religious leader (d. 1878)
• January 27 – Samuel Palmer, English artist (d. 1881)
• February 18 – Louis M. Goldsborough, United States Navy admiral (d. 1877)
• March 3 – Jonas Furrer, first President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1861)
• March 23 – Sears Cook Walker, American mathematician and astronomer (d. 1853)
• April 2 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (d. 1875)
• June 9 – José Trinidad Cabañas, Honduran General, President and National Hero (d. 1871)
• June 22 – Giuseppe Mazzini Italian patriot, statesman, and writer (d. 1872)

July–December

• July 29 – Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian (d. 1859)
• August 4 – William Rowan Hamilton, Irish physicist (d. 1865)
• September 27 – George Müller, Prussian evangelist and founder of the Ashley Down orphanage in England (d. 1898)
• November 14 – Fanny Mendelssohn, German composer and pianist (d. 1847)
• November 28 – John Lloyd Stephens, American traveler, diplomat and Mayanist archaeologist (d. 1852)
• December 2 – Cicero Price, American commodore (d. 1888)
• December 22 – John Obadiah Westwood, English entomologist (d. 1893)
• December 23 – Joseph Smith, Jr., American prophet, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement (d. 1844)

Deaths

January–June

• January 9 – Noble Wimberly Jones, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
• January 18 – John Moore (archbishop of Canterbury) (b. 1730)
• January 23 – Claude Chappe, French telecommunication pioneer (b. 1763)
• February 25 – Thomas Pownall, English colonial statesman (b. 1722)
• March 4 – Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725)
• May 7 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1737)
• May 9 – Friedrich Schiller, German playwright (b. 1759)
• May 12 – Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, 71st Grandmaster of the Order of Malta (b. 1744)
• May 25 – William Paley, English philosopher (b. 1743)
• May 28 – Luigi Boccherini, Tuscan-born composer (b. 1743)
• June 19 – Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, French painter (b. 1724)

July–December

• August 3 – Christopher Anstey, English writer (b. 1724)
• August 28 – Alexander Carlyle, Scottish church leader (b. 1722)
• October 5 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (b. 1738)
• October 21 – Horatio Nelson, British admiral (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1758)
• December 23 – Pehr Osbeck, Swedish explorer and naturalist (b. 1723)

References