1716

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Year 1716 (MDCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January – The town of Crieff, Scotland, is burned to the ground by Jacobites returning from the Battle of Sheriffmuir.^[1]
• January 16 – Application of Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia, making it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, concluding the unification of Spain under Philip V.^[2]
• January 27 – The Tugaloo Massacre changes the course of the Yamasee War.
• February 10 – James Edward Stuart flees from Scotland to France with a handful of supporters following failure of the Jacobite rising of 1715.
• February 24 – Execution of the Jacobite leaders James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater and William Gordon, 6th Viscount of Kenmure in London.^[3]
• May – John Law founds the Banque Générale.
• May 26 – Two regular companies of field artillery, each 100 men strong, are raised at Woolwich by Royal Warrant of King George I of Great Britain.
• May 28 – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, suffers a paralytic stroke.

July–December

• July 5 – Prince Ernest Augustus is created Duke of York and Albany in the peerage of Great Britain.
• July 8 – Battle of Dynekilen: The Swedish fleet is defeated by a Danish–Norwegian fleet.
• August 4 – George Seton, 5th Earl of Winton, under sentence of death for his part in the Jacobite rising of 1715, escapes from the Tower of London and flees into exile on the continent.
• August 5 – Battle of Petrovaradin: 83,300 Austrian troops of Prince Eugene of Savoy defeat 150,000 Ottoman Turks under Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (who is killed).
• August 24 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor, returns from Italy.
• November 9 – Caroline of Ansbach, Princess of Wales, gives birth to a stillborn son in London.
• December 12 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, is demoted from his office as Secretary of State for the Northern Department in the British government and replaced by James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope.

Date unknown

• The English pirate Edward Teach is given command of a sloop in the Bahamas.^[4]
• Natchez, one of the oldest towns on the Mississippi, is founded.
• A fire in Wapping, England, destroys 150 houses.
• Tsar Peter the Great of Russia studies with the physician Herman Boerhaave at Leiden University.
• The Kangxi Dictionary is published, laying the foundation of most references to Han characters studied today.

Births

• January 1 – Joshua Loring, colonial American captain in British service (d. 1781)
• January 4 – Aaron Burr, Sr., President of Princeton University (d. 1757)
• January 11 – Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, English nobleman (d. 1735)
• January 12 – Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general and scientist (d. 1795)
• January 15
  • Philip Livingston, American politician (d. 1778)
  • Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet, French scientist (d. 1796)
• January 20
  • Charles III of Spain, King of Spain (d. 1788)
  • Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, French writer and numismatist (d. 1795)
  • Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti, German architect (d. 1782)
• January 26 – George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, British Army general (d. 1785)
• January 30 – Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz, Swedish architect and civil servant (d. 1796)
• February 2 – David Graeme, British Army general (d. 1797)
• February 4 – José Solís Folch de Cardona, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1770)
• February 8 – Pasquale Cafaro, Italian composer (d. 1787)
• February 9 – Mary Palmer, English writer (d. 1794)
• February 23 – Antoine-Joseph Pernety, French writer (d. 1796)
• March 6 – Pehr Kalm, Finnish scientist (d. 1779)
• March 13 – Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1801)
• March 18 – Friedrich Wilhelm, Graf von Wylich und Lottum, Prussian army officer (d. 1774)
• March 19 – Guillaume Coustou the Younger, French artist (d. 1777)
• March 21 – Josef Seger, Czech composer and organist (d. 1782)
• April 1 – Morgan Rhys, Welsh hymn-writer (d. 1779)
• April 5 – Jeremiah Theus, American artist (d. 1774)
• April 12 – Felice Giardini, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1796)
• April 24 – Johann Georg Weishaupt, German lawyer (d. 1753)
• May 2 – Infante Carlos of Portugal, Portuguese infante (prince) (d. 1736)
• May 8 – James Wright, Governor of Georgia (d. 1785)
• May 20 – Friedrich Samuel Bock, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1785)
• May 24 – Constantine, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg (d. 1778)
• May 28 – Sir Robert Burdett, 4th Baronet, British politician and member of the English gentry (d. 1797)
• May 29 – Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, French scientist (d. 1799)
• June 10 – Carl Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish explorer (d. 1784)
• June 18
  • Charles Edzard, Prince of East Frisia (d. 1744)
  • Joseph-Marie Vien, French painter (d. 1809)
• June 23 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley (d. 1789)
• June 25 – Johann Baptist Babel, Swiss sculptor (d. 1799)
• June 26 – Charles-Nicolas d'Oultremont, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1771)
• June 27 – Louise Diane d'Orléans (d. 1736)
• July 3 – Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch, Prince-Bishop (d. 1795)
• July 14 – Michael Schlatter, American clergy (d. 1790)
• July 17 – William Errington, British priest (d. 1768)
• July 22 – Jan Jakub Zamoyski, Polish noble (d. 1790)
• August 2 – Richard Edgcumbe, 2nd Baron Edgcumbe, British Baron and politician (d. 1761)
• August 4 – Sir John Dashwood-King, 3rd Baronet, English country gentleman (d. 1793)
• August 8
  • Andrea Spagni, Italian theologian (d. 1788)
  • Thomas Foley, 1st Baron Foley, British politician (d. 1777)
• August 15 – Karl Joseph von Firmian, Austrian diplomat (d. 1782)
• August 18 – Johan Maurits Mohr, Dutch-German pastor and astronomer (d. 1775)
• August 30 – Capability Brown, British landscape architect (d. 1783)
• September 2 – Jacques-Nicolas Tardieu, French engraver (d. 1791)
• September 6 – Charles Bennet, 3rd Earl of Tankerville, British Earl (d. 1767)
• September 16 – Angelo Maria Amorevoli, Italian musician (d. 1798)
• September 19 – Jan Jacob Schultens, Dutch linguist (d. 1788)
• October 1 – Benjamin Waller, American politician (d. 1786)
• October 3 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist (d. 1781)
• October 4 – James Lind (d. 1794)
• October 5 – Alexei Senyavin, Russian admiral (d. 1797)
• October 6 – George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, British statesman (d. 1771)
• October 8 – Gaspar of Braganza, Archbishop of Braga, Portuguese clergyman (d. 1780)
• October 16 – Lord Augustus FitzRoy, Royal Navy officer during the (d. 1741)
• October 26 – Charles Christian Erdmann, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (d. 1792)
• November 1
  • William Foye, Canadian politician (d. 1771)
  • Joseph Dinouart, preacher (d. 1786)
• November 4 – Wilhelm von Knyphausen, Prussian soldier (d. 1800)
• November 16 – John Monro, Physician of Bethlem Hospital (d. 1791)
• November 26 – Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, British duchess; Lady of the Bedchamber (d. 1776)
• December 1 – Étienne Maurice Falconet, French artist (d. 1791)
• December 7 – Henry Ernest of Stolberg-Wernigerode, German politician, canon, provost and author of numerous hymns (d. 1778)
• December 12 – Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau, Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1782)
• December 16
  • Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli, Swiss agronomist (d. 1780)
  • Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, French diplomat and writer (d. 1798)
• December 23 – Johann Heinrich Rolle, German baroque composer (d. 1785)
• December 25 – Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar (d. 1774)
• December 26
  • Thomas Gray, English poet, historian (d. 1771)
  • Jean François de Saint-Lambert, French noble (d. 1803)
• December 27 – Leonardo Ximenes, Italian mathematician (d. 1786)

Deaths

• January 1 – William Wycherley, English playwright (b. c. 1640)
• April 14 – Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of Torrington, British admiral (b. c. 1648)
• April 26 – John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1651)
• April 28 – Saint Louis de Montfort, author, True Devotion to Mary
• June 2 – Ogata Kōrin, Japanese painter (b. c. 1657)
• June 5 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician and philosopher (b. 1682)
• June 8 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (b. 1658)
• June 9 – Banda Bahadur, Sikh military commander (executed) (b. 1670)
• June 28 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general (b. 1665)
• July 8 – Robert South, English churchman (b. 1634)
• August 5 – Silahtar Ali Pasha, Ottoman (Turkish) grand vizier (b. 1667)
• October 28 – Stephen Fox, English politician (b. 1627)
• November 2 – Engelbert Kaempfer, German traveler and physician (b. 1651)
• November 14 – Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher, scientist, and mathematician (b. 1646)
• December 13 – Charles de La Fosse, French painter (b. 1640)

References