1660

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Year 1660 (MDCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 1
  • Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins his advance towards London in support of the English Restoration.^[1]
  • Samuel Pepys begins his diary.^[2]
• February 3 – George Monck and his regiment arrive in London.^[3]
• February 13 – Charles XI becomes king of Sweden at the age of five upon the death of his father, Charles X Gustavus.
• February 27 – John Thurloe is reinstated as England's Secretary of State, having been deprived of his offices late in the previous year.
• March 16 – The Long Parliament disbands.
• April 4 – The Declaration of Breda promises amnesty, freedom of conscience, and army back pay, in return for support for the English Restoration.^[3]
• April 23/May 3 – Treaty of Oliva: peace made between Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia.
• May 8 – The Parliament of England declares Prince Charles Stuart, King Charles II of England.
• May 15 – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason for his support of Oliver Cromwell's regime.
• May 25 – Charles II of England lands at Dover.^[4]
• May 27 – The Treaty of Copenhagen is signed, marking the conclusion of the Second Northern War. Sweden returns Trøndelag to Norway and Bornholm to Denmark.
• May 29 – King Charles II of England arrives in London and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration.^[3]
• June 29 – John Thurloe is released from custody.

July–December

• August 19 – Dr Edward Stanley preaches a sermon in the nave of Winchester Cathedral to commemorate the return of the Chapter following the English Restoration.
• September 25 – Samuel Pepys has his first cup of tea (an event recorded in his diary).^[2]
• October 17 – The ten regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes their being disemboweled and their bowels burned before their eyes.
• November 28 – At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray meet after a lecture by Wren and decide to found "a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning" (later known as the Royal Society).
• December – Andres Malong, a native chieftain of Pangasinan, Philippines, leads a revolt against the Spanish regime.
• December 8 – First actress to appear on the professional stage in England in a non-singing rôle, as Desdemona in Othello, following reopening of the theatres; variously considered to be Margaret Hughes, Anne Marshall or Katherine Corey.^[5][6][7]

Date unknown

• Blaise Pascal's Lettres provinciales, a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld, is ordered to be shredded and burned by King Louis XIV of France.
• The expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique is carried out by French occupying forces.
• Hopkins School is founded.
• The Rigsraad (High Council) of Denmark is abolished^[8] and Denmark–Norway becomes an absolute monarchy with the Kingdom of Denmark as a hereditary monarchy.
• A permanent standing army is established in Prussia.

Births

• January 2 – Francis Hutchinson, Irish bishop (d. 1739)
• January 14 – Joseph Boyse, Presbyterian minister (d. 1728)
• January 27 – Felice Cignani, Italian painter (d. 1724)
• January – Hippolyte Hélyot, French historian (d. 1716)
• February 13 – Johann Kusser, German composer (d. 1727)
• February 19 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (d. 1742)
• February 20 – Leonhard Dientzenhofer, German architect (d. 1707)
• February 24 – John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl (d. 1724)
• March 5 – George Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury (d. 1728)
• March 9 – Franz Joseph Feuchtmayer, German sculptor (d. 1718)
• March 12 – Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, Mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (d. 1701)
• March 15 – Olof Rudbeck the Younger, Swedish scientist and explorer (d. 1740)
• March 24 – Filippo Antonio Gualterio, Catholic cardinal (d. 1724)
• March 25 – Samuel Crellius, Arian philosopher and theologian (d. 1747)
• March 28 – Arnold Houbraken, Dutch painter (d. 1719)
• April 6 – Johann Kuhnau, German composer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1722)
• April 16 – Hans Sloane, British physician (d. 1753)
• April 19 – Sebastián Durón, Spanish composer (d. 1716)
• April 24 – Cornelis Dusart, Dutch painter (d. 1704)
• May 2 – Alessandro Scarlatti, Italian composer (d. 1725)
• May 5 – David Leslie, 3rd Earl of Leven, British politician (d. 1728)
• May 20 – Andreas Schlüter, German sculptor (d. 1714)
• May 28 – King George I of Great Britain (d. 1727)
• May 29 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, English friend of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1744)
• June 3 – Johannes Schenck, Dutch musician and composer (d. 1712)
• June 5 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, British aristocrat (d. 1744)
• June 17 – Jan van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1690)
• July 24 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician (d. 1718)
• July 27 – Johann Patkul, Livonian nobleman, politician (d. 1707)
• August 2 – Luis Francisco de la Cerda (d. 1711)
• August 11 – Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth, British Baroness (d. 1686)
• August 17 – Sir Richard Bulkeley, 2nd Baronet (d. 1710)
• August 21 – Hubert Gautier, French engineer (d. 1737)
• August 27 – Robert Wroth, British politician (d. 1720)
• August 27 – Claude-François Fraguier, churchman (d. 1728)
• September 2 – Louis Chéron, French painter (d. 1725)
• September 25 – Willem Verschuring, Dutch painter (d. 1726)
• September 26 – George William, Duke of Liegnitz (d. 1675)
• September – Daniel Defoe, English writer (d. 1731)
• October 20 – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (d.1723)
• October 21 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (d. 1734)
• October 22 – Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (d. 1661)
• October 30 – Albrecht Konrad Finck von Finckenstein, German general (d. 1735)
• October 30 – Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1731)
• November 4 – Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1705)
• November 4 – Samuel Russell, Minister of Branford, Yale co-founder (d. 1731)
• November 7 – Ferdinand Johann Adam von Pernau, Ornithologist (d. 1731)
• November 11 – Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Catholic cardinal (d. 1711)
• November 15 – Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (d. 1746)
• November 20 – Daniel Ernst Jablonski, Czech bishop (d. 1741)
• November 22 – Franz Karl of Auersperg, Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg (1705-1713) (d. 1713)
• November 28 – Duchess Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria (d. 1690)
• November 30 – Victor-Marie d'Estrées (d. 1737)
• December 4 – André Campra, French composer (d. 1744)
• December 18 – Countess Johanna Magdalene of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German countess (d. 1715)
• December 25 – Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester, English politician (d. 1698)
• December 26 – Peter Schenk the Elder, German engraver and cartographer (d. 1711)
• December 27 – Veronica Giuliani, Capuchin mystic (d. 1727)
• date unknown – Ch'en Shu, Chinese painter (d. 1736)
• date unknown – Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer (d. 1741)

Deaths

• February 2
  • Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (b. 1615)
  • Gaston, Duke of Orléans, French politician (b. 1608)
• February 6 – Martin de Redin, 58th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1579)
• February 13 – King Charles X Gustav of Sweden (b. 1622)
• March – Philip Skippon, English soldier
• April 25 – Henry Hammond, English churchman (b. 1605)
• April 30 – Petrus Scriverius, Dutch writer (b. 1576)
• May 29 – Frans van Schooten, Dutch mathematician (b. 1615)
• June 1 – Mary Dyer, English Quaker (hanged) (b. c. 1611)
• June 2 – Annet de Clermont-Gessant, 59th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1587)
• June 7 – George II Rákóczi, Transylvanian ruler (b. 1621)
• June 30 – William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
• August 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (b. 1599)
• September 12 – Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (b. 1577)
• September 27 – Vincent de Paul, French saint (b. 1580)
• October 4 – Francesco Albani, Italian painter (b. 1578)
• October 6 – Paul Scarron, French writer (b. 1610)
• October 14 – Thomas Harrison, British soldier (b. 1606)
• October 17 – Adrian Scrope, English regicide (b. 1601)
• November 5
  • Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (b. 1599)
  • Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
• December 1 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1592)
• December 22 – André Tacquet, Belgian mathematician (b. 1612)

References