1620

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September: Battle of Cecora.

November 8: The Battle of White Mountain.

November 21: Mayflower.

Osaka Castle.

Backside of a violin.

Francis Bacon

Year 1620 (MDCXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
• May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey).
• June 3 – The oldest stone church in French North America, Notre-Dame-des-Anges, is begun at Quebec City, Quebec Canada.

July–December

• July 3 – Under the terms of the Treaty of Ulm, the Protestant Union declares neutrality and ceases to support Frederick V of Bohemia.
• July 15 – The ship Speedwell departs Delfshaven with the Leiden colonists and Pilgrims.
• August 5 (O.S.) – The Mayflower and Speedwell depart together from Plymouth, England, but the Speedwell starts to leak again and must stop.
• August 7
  • The mother of Johannes Kepler is arrested for witchcraft.
  • Battle of Les Ponts-de-Cé, Poitou: French king Louis XIII defeats his mother Marie de' Medici.
• August 8 – Mysterious rain of frogs in Weil der Stadt
• September 6 (O.S.) – The Mayflower departs from Plymouth, England, on its 3rd attempt without the Speedwell, arriving on November 11 (Old Style date) at Cape Cod (named from Concord voyage of 1602).
• September 17–October 7 – Battle of Cecora: The Ottoman Empire defeats Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth–Moldavian troops.
• October 6 – The Roman Catholic Ras Sela Kristos, half-brother of the Emperor Susenyos crushes a group of rebels in at Mount Amedamit in Gojjam, Ethiopia, who were opposed to Susenyos' pro-Catholic beliefs.
• November 3 – The Great Patent is granted to Plymouth Colony.
• November 8 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of White Mountain: Catholic forces are victorious in only two hours near Prague.
• November 21
  • (N.S.) – The Mayflower arrives inside the tip of Cape Cod, with the Pilgrims and Planters.
  • Plymouth Colony settlers sign the Mayflower Compact (11 November, O.S.).
• December 21 – Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land on what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts.

Date unknown

• A severe frost in England, with the Thames frozen. 13 continuous days of snow in Scotland. On Eskdale Moor only 35 of a flock of 20,000 sheep survive.^[1]
• Francis Bacon publishes the Novum Organum (beyond Aristotle's Organon) on logical thinking.
• Two officers of the British East India Company attempt to claim the Table Mountain region (in present-day South Africa) for England, but fail.
• Shogun Tokugawa Hidetada restores Osaka Castle. Its current appearance dates from this remodeling.
• The modern violin is developed.
• Witch hunts begin in Scotland.
• Cornelius Drebbel, at the Thames, builds an undersea boat (history of submarines).
• Juan Pablo Bonet, teacher of deaf children in the Spanish court, creates the sign alphabet.
• Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) continues (principally on the territory of today's Germany).
• A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies by Bartolomé de las Casas and Origin and progress of the disturbances in the Netherlands by Johannes Gysius was re-published in the Netherlands.^[2]

Births

• January 1
  • William Brouncker, 2nd Viscount Brouncker (d. 1684)
  • Robert Morison, Scottish botanist and taxonomist (d. 1683)
• January 5 – Miklós Zrínyi, Croatian military commander (d. 1664)
• January 9 – Anton Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1666)
• January 17 – Anton Janson, Dutch type founder and printer (d. 1687)
• January 31 – Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck, Dutch General and German Field Marshal (d. 1692)
• February 1 – Gustaf Bonde, Swedish politician (d. 1667)
• February 3 – Sir James Clavering, 1st Baronet, English landowner (d. 1702)
• February 4 – Gustaf Bonde, Swedish statesman (d. 1667)
• February 5 – Paul Barbette, Dutch physician (d. 1666)
• February 13 – Girolamo Casanate, Italian cardinal (d. 1700)
• February 15 – François Charpentier, French archaeologist and man of letters (d. 1702)
• February 16 – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1688)
• February 23 – Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford, English politician (d. 1708)
• March 10 – Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Swiss philologist and theologian (d. 1667)
• March 13 – Alexander Seton, 1st Viscount of Kingston (d. 1691)
• March 29 – Edward Digges, English barrister and colonist, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1674)
• April 17 – Marguerite Bourgeoys, French Catholic nun, founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame (d. 1700)
• April 18 – Winston Churchill (1620–1688) (d. 1688)
• April 21 – Salvatore Castiglione, Italian painter (d. 1676)
• April 24 – John Graunt (d. 1674)
• May 3 – Bogusław Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1669)
• May 23 – Pieter Neeffs II, Flemish painter (d. 1675)
• May 25 – Warwick Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun of Okehampton, Member of the English Parliament (d. 1665)
• June 6 – Sir John Covert, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1679)
• June 11 – John Moore (Lord Mayor), Member of Parliament for the City of London (d. 1702)
• July 8 – Zhang Huangyan (张煌言), Chinese writer，poet and military official of Ming Dynasty(d. 1664)
• July 20
  • Nikolaes Heinsius the Elder, Dutch scholar (d. 1681)
  • Camillo Massimo, Cardinal and patron of the arts (d. 1677)
• July 21 – Jean Picard, French astronomer and priest (d. 1704)
• July 31 – Juan Ignacio de la Carrera Yturgoyen, Chilean politician (d. 1682)
• August 6 – William Hiseland (d. 1732)
• August 22 – Alexander Rigby (died 1694), English politician (d. 1694)
• August 24 – Thomas Stucley (MP), English politician (d. 1663)
• August 26 – Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ (d. 1684)
• September 4 – Ernest Gottlieb, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau (d. 1654)
• September 6 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer (d. 1704)
• September 18 – Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German prince (d. 1625)
• September 29 – John Louis of Elderen (d. 1694)
• October 1 – Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch Golden Age painter of pastoral landscapes (d. 1683)
• October 4 – François-Henri Salomon de Virelade, French lawyer (d. 1670)
• October 15 – William Borlase (died 1665), English politician (d. 1665)
• October 16 – Pierre Paul Puget, French painter (d. 1694)
• October 20 – Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (d. 1691)
• October 27 – Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (d. 1689)
• October 31 – John Evelyn, English diarist and writer (d. 1706)
• November 10
  • Ninon de l'Enclos, French author (d. 1705)
  • Theodoor Boeyermans, Flemish Baroque painter (d. 1678)
• November 20 – Peregrine White, first English child born at Plymouth Colony (d. 1704)
• December 17
  • Henri Charles de La Trémoille, son of Henry de La Trémoille (d. 1672)
  • Maurice of the Palatinate, Fourth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (d. 1652)
• December 18 – Heinrich Roth, missionary and pioneering Sanskrit scholar (d. 1668)
• December 23 – Johann Jakob Wepfer, Swiss pathologist (d. 1695)

Deaths

• February 19 – Roemer Visscher, Dutch writer (b. 1547)
• March 1 – Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567)
• March 17 – St. John Sarkander, Moravian priest (injuries caused by torturing) (b. 1576)
• March 25 – Johannes Nucius, German composer (b. c. 1556)
• May 6 – Hayyim ben Joseph Vital, Palestinian-born Kabbalist (b. 1543)
• May 16 – William Adams, English navigator and samurai (b. 1564)
• August 18 – Wanli Emperor of China (b. 1563)
• September 26 – Taichang Emperor of China (b. 1582)
• October 7 – Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish military leader (b. 1547)

References