1605

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Year 1605 (MDCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, Don Quixote (El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha, "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"), is published in Madrid. One of the first significant novels in the western literary tradition, it becomes a global bestseller almost at once.
• March 11 – A proclamation declares all people of Ireland to be the direct subjects of the British Crown and not of any local lord or chief.^[1]
• April 1 – Pope Leo XI succeeds Pope Clement VIII as the 232nd pope.
• April 13 – Tsar Boris Godunov dies; Feodor II accedes to the Russian throne.
• April 16 – In England, John Winthrop, later governor of the future Massachusetts Bay Colony, marries his first wife (of 4), Mary Forth, daughter of John Forth, of Great Stambridge, Essex.
• May 16 – Pope Paul V succeeds Pope Leo XI as the 233rd pope, making this the last Year of Three Popes until 1978.
• June 1 – Russian troops in Moscow imprison Feodor II and his mother, later executing them.
• June 20 – Pretender Dmitriy and his supporters, including troops of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, march to Moscow.

July–December

• July 4 – A proclamation commands all Roman Catholic seminary priests and Jesuits to leave Ireland by December 10 and directs the laity to attend Church of Ireland services.^[1]
• July 21 – Pretender Dmitriy is officially crowned Tsar Dimitriy Ioannovich of Russia in Moscow by Patriarch Ignatius.
• September 27 – Battle of Kircholm: Swedish armies are decisively defeated by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth cavalry.
• October – First publication of Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien by Johann Carolus in Strasbourg (Holy Roman Empire), generally regarded as the world's first newspaper.^[2] De Nieuwe Tijdinghen, a Dutch proto-newspaper, is also published this year.
• October 27 – Spanish troops of General Spinola occupy Wachtendonk.
• November 3 – Jahangir begins his 22-year reign of the Mughal Empire.
• November 5 – Gunpowder Plot: A plot to blow up the English Houses of Parliament is foiled when, following a tip-off, Sir Thomas Knyvet, a justice of the peace, finds Catholic plotter Guy Fawkes in a cellar below the Parliament building and orders a search of the area. 36 barrels of gunpowder are found and Fawkes is arrested for trying to kill King James I of England and the members who are scheduled to sit together in Parliament the next day.

Date unknown

The Red Hall, Bourne, England, dating from 1605^[3]

• Tokugawa Ieyasu abdicates as shogun of Japan, becoming Ogosho. His son Tokugawa Hidetada succeeds him to the office.
• Habitation at Port-Royal established by France under Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, the first European colonization of Nova Scotia in North America (at this time part of Acadia); the Gregorian calendar is adopted.
• Crew of the Olive become the first English visitors to Barbados.
• Refugee French Huguenot merchants begin to settle in Dublin and Waterford.^[4]
• The Priory of St. Gregory's is founded at Douai, Flanders, at this time in the Spanish Netherlands, by its first prior, John Roberts, and other exiles, thus becoming the first English Benedictine house to renew conventual life after the English Reformation. More than two centuries later the community will establish Downside Abbey back in England.
• The Irish College in Paris is co-founded by John Lee, an Irish priest, and John de l'Escalopier, President of the Parlement.
• Francis Bacon's Of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human is published in London.
• Central Mexico's Amerindian population reaches one million.

Births

• April 8 – King Philip IV of Spain (d. 1665)
• April 18 – Giacomo Carissimi, Italian composer (d. 1674)
• May 7 – Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church (d. 1681)
• June 15 – Thomas Randolph, English poet and dramatist (d. 1635)
• July 29 – Simon Dach, Prussian lyrical poet and writer of hymns (d. 1659)
• August – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer and parliamentarian (d. 1675)
• August 8 – Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (d. 1675)
• August 18 – Henry Hammond, English churchman (d. 1660)
• September 12 – William Dugdale, English antiquary (d. 1686)
• September 28 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer (d. 1694)
• October 19 – Sir Thomas Browne English physician and philosopher (d. 1682)
• October 22 – Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, prince of the independent principality of Sedan (d. 1652)
• November 4 – William Habington, English poet (d. 1654)
• December 23 – Tianqi Emperor, Ming emperor of China (d. 1627)
• date unknown
  • William Berkeley, governor of Virginia (d. 1677)
  • John Gauden, English bishop and writer (d. 1662)
  • Theodore Haak, German scholar (d. 1690)
  • Nectarius of Jerusalem, Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem (d. 1680)
  • Dominik Aleksander Kazanowski, Polish nobleman (d. 1648)
  • Thomas Nabbes, English dramatist (d. c. 1645)
  • Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin, Russian statesman (d. 1680)
  • Brynjólfur Sveinsson, Icelandic bishop and scholar (d. 1675)
  • Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, French traveller and pioneer of trade with India (d. 1689)
  • Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham (d. 1666)
  • Alexandra Mavrokordatou
• probable
  • Adriaen Brouwer, Flemish painter (d. 1638)
  • Semyon Dezhnyov, Pomor navigator (d. 1672)
  • William Goffe, English parliamentarian (d. 1679)

Deaths

• February 19 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (b. 1550)
• March 5 – Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536)
• April 5 – Adam Loftus, English Catholic archbishop (b. c.1533)
• April 6 – John Stow, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1525)
• April 13 – Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (b. 1551)
• April 25 – Naresuan, Siamese King of Ayutthaya kingdom (b. c.1555)
• April 27 – Pope Leo XI (b. 1535)
• June 3 – Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (b. 1542)
• July 20 – Tsar Feodor II of Russia (b. 1589)
• July 26 – Rev. Fr. Miguel de Benavides, O.P., Spanish clergyman and sinologist (b. 1552)
• September 11 – Sir Thomas Tresham, English politician (b. 1550)
• September 14 – Jan Tarnowski, Archbishop of Kraków (b. 1550)
• September 23 – Pontus de Tyard, French poet (b. c. 1521)
• September 24 – Manuel Mendes, Portuguese composer (b. 1547)
• October 13 – Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
• October 15 – Akbar, Mogul Emperor (b. 1542)
• November 8 – Robert Catesby, English conspirator (b. 1573)
• November 10 – Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (b. 1522)
• December – Francis Tresham, English conspirator (b. 1567)
• December 29 – John Davis, English explorer (b. 1550)
• date unknown – Marek Sobieski, Polish nobleman (b. 1549)

References