1595

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Year 1595 (MDXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January – Mehmed III succeeds Murad III as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
• May 18 – The Treaty of Tyavzino brings to an end the Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595).
• May 24 – The Nomenclator of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.
• June 9 – Battle of Fontaine-Française: Henry IV of France defeats the Spanish, but is nearly killed due to his rashness.

July–December

• July 21 – A Spanish expedition led by navigator and explorer Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira makes the first European landing in Polynesia, on the Marquesas Islands.
• July 23 – Spanish raid on Cornwall in England.^[1]
• August 13 – Battle of Calugareni: The Wallachians, led by Michael the Brave, accomplish a great tactical victory against the vast army of the Turks, numbering over 150,000 men, led by Sinan Pasha.
• August 28 – Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins depart from England on their final voyage to the Spanish Main which ends in both of their deaths.^[2]
• September 2 – Battle of the Lippe (Eighty Years' War): Spanish cavalry led by Cristóbal de Mondragón (aged over 80) defeat combined forces of the Dutch Republic and England led by Philip of Nassau (who dies of wounds received) on the banks of the river Lippe in Germany.
• October 26 – Battle of Giurgiu: Michael the Brave again defeats the Turkish army led by Sinan Pasha,led by Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Bathory pushing them on the east side of the Danube.
• December 9 – Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's Richard II in London.
• December 14 – Sultan Murad, 4th son of Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire invades Ahmednagar Sultanate which is bravely defended by Chand Bibi.

Date unknown

• The Austrians incite a rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.
• The Riksdag of the Estates at Söderköping in Sweden elects the Lutheran Duke Charles as the country's regent in place of Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Sweden.
• Sir Walter Raleigh travels up the Orinoco river in search of the fabled city of El Dorado.^[2]
• Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's plays Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream in London.^[1]

Births

• January 6 – Claude Favre de Vaugelas, French grammarian and man of letters (d. 1650)
• April 12 – Miles Hobart (d. 1639)
• June 9 – King Wladislaus IV of Poland (d. 1648)
• June 13 – Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (d. 1677)
• June 19 – Guru Har Gobind, the Sixth Sikh Guru (d. 1606)
• September 21 – Adrian Fearney, British pirate (d. 1641)
• November 13 – George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1640)
• December 4 – Jean Chapelain, French poet (d. 1674)
• December 5 – Henry Lawes, English musician (d. 1662)
• December 27 – Bohdan Khmelnytsky, hetman of Ukraine (d. 1657)
• date unknown
  • Thomas Carew, English poet (d. 1645)
  • Miles Corbet, English Puritan politician (d. 1662)
  • Jean Desmarets, French writer (d. 1676)
  • Henry Herbert, English official (d. 1673)
  • Lars Kagg, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1661)
  • Thomas May, English poet and historian (d. 1650)
  • Henri II de Montmorency (d. 1632)
  • Bartholomaeus Nigrinus, Polish Rosicrucian (d. 1646)
  • Pocahontas, Algonquian princess (d. 1617)
  • Mikołaj Potocki, Polish politician (d. 1651)
  • Robert Sempill the younger, Scottish writer (d. 1663)
  • Cornelius Vermuyden, Dutch engineer (d. 1683)
• probable
  • Dirck van Baburen, Dutch painter (d. 1624)
  • Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł, Lithuanian chancellor (d. 1656)

Deaths

• January 15 – Murad III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1546)
• January 24 – Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria (b. 1529)
• February – William Painter, English translator (b. 1540)
• February 12 – Archduke Ernest of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1553)
• February 21 – Robert Southwell, Jesuit priest and poet (b. 1561)
• April 25 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (b. 1544)
• May 4 – Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle, Cardinal and 52nd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1531)
• May 25 – Valens Acidalius, German critic and poet (b. 1567)
• May 26 – Philip Neri, Italian churchman (b. 1515)
• August 24 – Thomas Digges, English astronomer (b. 1546)
• August 26 – Antonio, Prior of Crato, claimant to the throne of Portugal (b. 1531)
• September – Jeremias II of Constantinople (b. 1530)
• October 19 – Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (b. 1537)
• November 5 – Luis Barahona de Soto, Spanish poet (b. 1548)
• November 12 – John Hawkins, English shipbuilder and trader (b. 1532)
• November 29 – Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga, Basque soldier and poet (b. 1533)
• December 14 – Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1535)
• date unknown
  • Grzegorz Branicki, Polish nobleman (born 1534)
  • Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chief of Tyrone (b. c. 1530)
  • Robert Sempill, Scottish ballad-writer (b. 1530)
  • Thomas Whythorne, English author and musician (b. 1528)

References