1572

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Year 1572 (MDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 16 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. He is executed on June 2.^[1]
• February – Harrow School is founded, with a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I of England.^[2]
• February 13 – Elizabeth I of England issues a proclamation which revokes all commissions on account of the frauds which they had fostered.
• April 1 – Capture of Brielle: The Sea Beggars, Netherlandish Calvinist rebels, capture the port city of Brielle. This leads to a wave of uprisings in Holland and Zealand against Spanish Habsburg rule, leaving most of those provinces (with the exception of Amsterdam), under rebel control.
• May 13 – Pope Gregory XIII succeeds Pope Pius V as the 226th pope.
• June 25 – The Sea Beggars capture the city of Gorkum. Several Roman Catholic priests are imprisoned.

July–December

• July 9 – The Sea Beggars hang nineteen previously imprisoned Roman Catholic priests, the 'Martyrs of Gorkum' at Brielle.
• July 11 – Humphrey Gilbert leads 1500 volunteers from England on an expedition to assist the Sea Beggars.^[1]
• July 19 – Wanli Emperor of China ascends the throne at the age of nine; he will rule for 48 years.
• July 29 – August 2 – A large Crimean Tatar–Ottoman army which invaded Russia is routed in the Battle of Molodi.
• August 18 – Huguenot King Henry III of Navarre marries Margaret of Valois, sister of King Charles and daughter of Catherine de' Medici, in a supposed attempt to reconcile Protestants and Catholics in France.
• August 24 – St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: Catholics in Paris murder thousands of Protestants, including Gaspard de Coligny and Petrus Ramus, at the order of King Charles IX with Catherine de Medici's connivance. Henry of Navarre and the Prince of Condé barely escape the same fate. This brings about the Fourth War of Religion in France.
• October 20 – Relief of Goes (Eighty Years' War): Soldiers of the Spanish Tercios wade across the estuary of the Scheldt to relieve the siege of Goes in the Spanish Netherlands.
• November 9
  • Siege of Sancerre: Catholic forces of the king lay siege to Sancerre, a Huguenot stronghold in central France. The fortified city holds out for nearly eight months without bombard artillery. This is one of the last times that slings are used in European warfare.
  • Supernova SN 1572 is first observed in the constellation Cassiopeia by Cornelius Gemma. Tycho Brahe, who notes it two days later, will use it to challenge the prevailing view that stars do not change.^[3] The supernova remnant remains visible through 1574.
• December – Siege of Haarlem is begun by the Duke of Alva, Spanish commander in the Netherlands.

Gaspard II de Coligny

Date unknown

• Vilcabamba, Peru, the last independent remnant of the Inca Empire, is conquered by Spain.
• Girolamo Mercuriale from Forlì (Italy) writes the work De morbis cutaneis ("On the diseases of the skin"), the first scientific tract on dermatology.
• Imaginary numbers defined by Rafael Bombelli.
• Portugal's national epic Os Lusíadas by Luís de Camões is first published.^[4]
• Georg Braun begins publication of his urban atlas Civitates orbis terrarum in Cologne.

Births

• February 27 – Francis II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1632)
• April 14 – Adam Tanner, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1632)
• June 11 – Ben Jonson, English dramatist (d. 1637)
• November 8 – John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1619)
• December 31 – Emperor Go-Yōzei of Japan (d. 1617)
• date unknown
  • Francis van Aarssens (d. 1641)
  • Sigismund Báthory, Prince of Transylvania and of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1613)
  • Johann Bayer, German astronomer (d. 1625)
  • Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar, Spanish diplomat (d. 1655)
  • Arend Dickmann, Dutch admiral in the Polish Navy (d. 1627)
  • John Donne, English writer and prelate (d. 1631)
  • John Floyd, English Jesuit (d. 1649)
  • Bartholomew Gosnold, English lawyer and explorer (d. 1607)
  • Cyril Lucaris, Greek prelate and theologian (d. 1637)
  • James Mabbe, English scholar and poet (d. 1642)
  • Thomas Tomkins, Welsh composer (d. 1656)
• probable – Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini or Mazzolini or Asoleni, Italian painter (d. c.1645)

Deaths

• January 26 – Pierre de Monte, 50th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1499)
• February 23 – Pierre Certon, French composer (b. c. 1510)
• February 28 – Aegidius Tschudi, Swiss historian (b. 1505)
• March 2 – Mem de Sá, Portuguese Governor-General of Brazil (b. c. 1500)
• March 10 – William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester (b. c. 1483)
• March 27 – Girolamo Maggi, Italian Renaissance man (b. c. 1523)
• May 1 – Pope Pius V (b. 1504)
• May 11 – Moses Isserles, rabbi and Talmudist (b. 1530)
• June 2 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1536)
• June 9 – Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (b. 1528)
• July 5 – Longqing Emperor of China (b. 1537)
• July 7 – King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (b. 1520)
• August 5 – Isaac Luria, Palestinian-born Kabbalist (b. 1534)
• August 20 – Miguel López de Legazpi, Spanish conquistador of the Philippines (born 1510)
• August 24 through August 31 – Victims of the 'St. Bartholomew's Day massacre'-
  • Gaspard de Coligny, French Protestant leader (b. 1519)
  • Claude Goudimel, French composer (b. 1510)
  • Pierre de la Ramée, French humanist scholar (b. 1515)
  • Charles de Téligny, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1535)
• September – Denis Lambin, French classical scholar (b. 1520)
• September 24 – Túpac Amaru, last of the Incas
• September 30 – Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía, Italian Jesuit (b. 1510)
• October 24 – Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, English politician (b. 1508)
• October 29 – John Erskine, Earl of Mar, regent of Scotland
• November 23 – Agnolo di Cosimo (Bronzino), Italian artist and poet (b. 1503)
• November 24 – John Knox, Scottish religious reformer (b. 1513)
• December 3 – Franjo Frankopan Cetinski, Croatian Count and Latinist (b. 1536)
• December 22 – François Clouet, French miniaturist (b. c. 1510)
• date unknown
  • Richard Grafton, English merchant
  • Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski, Polish scholar (b. 1503)
  • Francisco de Moraes, Portuguese author and writer (b. 1500)
  • Yasumi Naomasa, Japanese military commander
  • Stanisław Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (b. 1519)
• probable – Christopher Tye, English composer and organist (b. 1505)

References