14th century in literature

See also: 14th century in poetry,14th century in music 13th century in literature, 15th century in literature, list of years in literature.

Events

• 1323 – The name Pléiade is adopted by a group of fourteen poets (seven men and seven women) in Toulouse.
• 1324: May 3 (Holy Cross Day) – The Consistori del Gay Saber, founded the previous year in Toulouse to revive and perpetuate the lyric poetry of the Old Occitan troubadors, holds its first contest. Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari wins the violeta d'or (golden violet) for a sirventes in praise of the Virgin Mary. At about this date, Raimon de Cornet writes Doctrinal de trobar in support of the aims of the Gay Saber.
• 1327
  • Between January 20 and September 21 – The deposed King Edward II of England perhaps writes the "Lament of Edward II".
  • April 6 (Good Friday) – Tuscan writer Petrarch sees a woman he names Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon, which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series of sonnets and other poems in Italian dedicated to her up to about 1368, which are collected into Il Canzoniere, an influential model for Renaissance culture.
  • August 27 – Death of Thomas Cobham, Bishop of Worcester in England. His books are bequeathed to the University of Oxford where they are installed in the University Church of St Mary the Virgin, forming the university's first library.
• 1329: February – French poet and composer Guillaume de Machaut is brought to the Siege of Medvėgalis by John of Bohemia so the king's crusading deeds can be commemorated in song and poetry.
• c. 1330 – Production of the Macclesfield Psalter in East Anglia.
• 1331 – Production of the Nuremberg Mahzor.
• 1341: April 8 – Petrarch becomes poet laureate at a ceremony in Rome.
• 1357 – The Polychronicon concludes, Ranulf Higden having ceased work on it at least a dozen years earlier.
• 1362: September – Petrarch's library is donated to the Republic of Venice, although subsequently dispersed.
• 1368
  • The new Hongwu Emperor in China halts government taxation on books.
  • The Bibliothèque nationale de France (National Library of France) is founded as the Royal Library at the Louvre Palace in Paris by Charles V of France.

Yoshida Kenkō

• 1370–1398 – Approximate date of production of the earliest part of the Sankt Florian Psalter, one of the earliest surviving texts to use the Polish language.
• 1377 – Production of the earliest known copy of the Laurentian Codex.
• 1382 – Earliest recorded appearance of Wycliffe's Bible.
• 1386: October – Geoffrey Chaucer is obliged to give up most of his official offices in London and retires to Kent where he may work on The Canterbury Tales.^[1]
• 1388 – Revision of Wycliffe's Bible is completed by John Purvey, and Wyclif's followers, known as Lollards, begin to be persecuted in England.
• 1390–1 – Production of the Book of Ballymote in Ireland.
• 1390s – Production of the Yellow Book of Lecan in Ireland.
• 1397 – Production of the Kiev Psalter in Ukraine.
• 1398 – The early 13th century carved wooden text of the Tripitaka Koreana is moved to the Haeinsa Buddhist temple in modern-day South Korea, where it will remain into the 21st century.
• Undated
  • The prose original of the Amadis de Gaula is produced (or perhaps translated into Old Spanish from an earlier 14th-century version), perhaps by the knight Vasco de Lobeira or the troubador João de Lobeira.
  • Madhava Kandali produces the Saptakanda Ramayana (a retelling of the Ramayana), one of the earliest written examples of the Assamese language and the first translation from Sanskrit into one of the modern regional Indo-Aryan languages.

New works

• c. 1300
  • Anonymous – Gesta Romanorum
  • Taliesin – Book of Taliesin, Middle Welsh. Taliesin (c. 534 – c. 599) is a Brythonic bard of Sub-Roman Britain believed to have sung at the courts of at least three Celtic British kings.
  • Marguerite Porete – The Mirror of Simple Souls
  • Rustichello da Pisa – The Travels of Marco Polo
• ca. 1300–1310
  • Gona Budda Reddy – Ranganatha ramayan (శ్రీ రంగనాథ రామాయణం) (Telugu language)
• Early to mid 14th century?
  • Pseudo-Bonaventura – Meditationes Vitae Christi
  • King Alexander
• 1307
  • John of Gaddesden – Rosa Medicinæ
• ca. 1308–1321
  • Dante Alighieri – Divine Comedy (Comedia)
• ca. 1309–1324
  • Speculum Humanae Salvationis
  • The Book of Dede Korkut
• 1310
  • Amir Khusrow – Khazain-ul-Futuh
• 1315–16
  • Amir Khusrow – Duval Rani–Khizr Khan ("Romance of Duval Rani and Khizr Khan"; masnavi)
• 1316–18
  • Amir Khusrow – Noh-Sepehr ("Nine Skies"; masnavi)
• 1318
  • Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari – Guilhem de la Barra
• ca. 1320–1335
  • Erikskrönikan
• ca. 1320–1330
  • Jacob of Liège – Speculum musicae
• 1320
  • Dante Alighieri – Quaestio de Aqua et Terra
  • Amir Khusrow – Tughluq Nama ("Book of the Tughluqs"; prose)
• ca. 1321–1323
  • Sānguózhì Pínghuà (三國志平話, "Story of Records of the Three Kingdoms")
• ca. 1329–1332
  • Yoshida Kenkō – Tsurezuregusa ("Essays in Idleness")
• 1330
  • Juan Ruiz – The Book of Good Love
  • Robert of Basevorn – The Form of Preaching (date of first known MS)
  • 'Michael' – Kildare Poems (MS of about this date)
• ca. 1330–1340
  • Perceforest
• ca. 1330–1400
  • Luo Guanzhong (attrib.) – Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義)
• 1335
  • Matthew Blastares (comp.) – Syntagma Canonum
  • Lê Tắc – An Nam chí lược
  • Don Juan Manuel – Tales of Count Lucanor
• 1338–1374 (first published 1396–1397)
  • Petrarch – Africa
• 1340
  • Michael of Northgate (translator) – Ayenbite of Inwyt
• 1346
  • Toqto'a (Yuan Dynasty) (editor) – History of Song (宋史, Sòng Shǐ)
• ca. 1350
  • Prick of Conscience (Yorkshire)
  • The Tale of Gamelyn (anonymous)
• ca. 1352
  • Bahubali Pandita of Sringeri – Dharmanathapuranam
  • Wynnere and Wastoure (anonymous)
• 1353
  • Giovanni Boccaccio – The Decameron
• ca. 1355
  • Giovanni Boccaccio – Corbaccio
• ca. 1360–1384
  • John of Fordun – Chronica Gentis Scotorum
• 1365
  • Mpu Prapanca – Nagarakretagama
• 1369
  • Geoffrey Chaucer – The Book of the Duchess
• 1371
  • The Travels of Sir John Mandeville (anonymous)
  • Geoffroy IV de la Tour Landry – The Book of the Knight of the Tower
  • Kakuichi (compiler) – The Tale of the Heike (平家物語, Heike Monogatari)
• 1375
  • John Barbour – The Brus
• 1381
  • Amarkosh (अमरकोश, Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary)
• 1382
  • Jacobus de Teramo – Consolatio peccatorum, seu Processus Luciferi contra Jesum Christum
  • Red Book of Hergest (soon after this date)
• ca. 1383
  • Sofonii of Razan - Zadonshchina
• 1387
  • John Trevisa – translation of Ranulf Higden's Polychronicon, including "Dialogue on Translation Between a Lord and a Clerk"
• 1389
  • Gopalraj Vamshavali (गोपालराज वंशावली, a history of Nepal)
• 1390
  • John Gower – Confessio Amantis
• 1390s
  • Geoffrey Chaucer – The Canterbury Tales
  • Lady Julian of Norwich – Revelations of Divine Love (1395), the first published book in the English language to be written by a woman.^[2]
  • Mangaraja II – Mangaraja Nighantu (lexicon, 1398)
  • 'Pearl Poet'
    • Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
    • Pearl
    • Cleanness
    • Patience
  • Sayana – commentary on the Vedas.
  • Ipomadon (Middle English tail-rhyme verse version; earliest likely date)
  • South English Legendary
  • Völsunga saga (approximate date of written version)
  • Water Margin (水浒传, Shui Hu Zhuan; approximate date of earliest components known)
• c. 1399
  • Christine de Pizan
    • Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux
    • L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours
    • L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector
• Undated
  • Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana
  • Grettis saga (approximate date)
  • Kavi Malla – Manmathavijaya

New drama

• Li Qianfu – Circle of Chalk (Chinese: 灰闌記; pinyin: huīlán jì)
• c. 1350 – Misteri d'Elx (Valencian)
• Late 14th century – Ordinalia (Middle Cornish)

Births

• 1303 – Bridget of Sweden (Birgitta Birgersdotter), Swedish mystic, writer and saint (died 1373)
• 1304 – Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) Tuscan poet (died 1374)
• 1313 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (died 1375)
• c. 1315 or 1317 – Hafez, Persian poet (died 1390)
• 1320 – Lalleshwari, Kashmiri Hindu poet (died 1392)
• c. 1332 – Catherine of Vadstena, Swedish mystic, writer and saint (died 1381)
• 1333 – Kan'ami, Japanese Noh actor (died 1384)
• c. November 1342 – Julian of Norwich, English religious writer and mystic (died c. 1416)
• 1343 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (died 1400)
• 1347 – Catherine of Siena, Italian theologian and saint (died 1380)
• 1348 – Jan of Jenštejn, Archbishop of Prague, writer, composer and poet (died 1400)
• c. 1363 – Zeami Motokiyo, Japanese Noh actor and playwright (died c. 1443)
• 1364 – Christine de Pizan, Venetian-born Middle French court poet and writer (died c. 1430)
• c. 1368 – Thomas Hoccleve, English poet and clerk (died 1426)
• c. 1373 – Margery Kempe, English mystic and autobiographer (died c. 1440)

Deaths

• After 1306 – Adam de la Halle, French trouvère poet (born c. 1237)
• 1308 – Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher and theologian (born c. 1266)
• 1309 – Angela of Foligno, Italian mystic and saint (born 1248)
• 1310 – Marguerite Porete, French mystic (burnt as heretic, year of birth unknown)
• 1315: March 10 – Agnes Blannbekin, Austrian Beguine and Christian mystic (born c. 1244)
• c. 1315 – Ramon Llull, Majorcan polymath and novelist in Catalan (born c. 1232)
• 1321: September 14 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (born c. 1265)
• 1325:
  • January 7 – King Denis of Portugal, poet
  • October – Amir Khusrow, Sufi poet
• 1349: September – Richard Rolle, English hermit, mystic and religious writer (probably born between 1390 and 1400)
• c. 1350 – Yoshida Kenkō (吉田 兼好), Japanese author and Buddhist monk (probably born 1283)
• 1364: March 12 – Ranulf Higden, English chronicler
• 1373: July 23 – Bridget of Sweden (Birgitta Birgersdotter), Swedish mystic, writer and saint
• 1374: July 19 – Petrarch, Italian poet
• 1375: December 21 – Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian poet
• 1377: April – Guillaume de Machaut, French poet and composer
• 1380:
  • April 29 – Catherine of Siena, Italian theologian and saint
  • December 2 – John of Ruysbroeck (Jan van Ruysbroeck), Flemish mystic (born 1293 or 1294)
• 1381: March 24 – Catherine of Vadstena, Swedish mystic, writer and saint
• 1384: June 8 – Kan'ami (Kan'ami Kiyotsugu, 観阿弥 清次), Japanese Noh playwright and actor (born 1333)
• 1392 – Lalleshwari, Kashmiri Shaivite poet and mystic
• 1395: March 13 – John Barbour, Scottish poet
• 1396: March 24 – Walter Hilton, English Augustinian mystic
• 1400: December 15 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet (born c. 1343)

In literature

• Arthur Conan Doyle's novel Sir Nigel (1905-06) is set in 1350-56; The White Company (1891) in 1366-67.
• Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose (Il Nome della Rosa, 1980) is set in 1327.
• Walter Scott's novel Castle Dangerous (1831) is set around 1306; The Fair Maid of Perth (1828) around 1396.

References

1. ↑ Strohm, Paul (2014). The Poet's Tale: Chaucer and the year that made the Canterbury Tales. London: Profile Books. ISBN 978-178125-059-4. 
2. ↑ "10 things to know about Norwich". UNESCO. November 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2014.