1400s in England

1400s in England:

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Events from the 1400s in England.

Incumbents

Monarch - Henry IV

Events

• 1400
  • January - Henry IV quells the Epiphany Rising and executes the Earls of Kent, Huntingdon and Salisbury and the Baron le Despencer for their attempt to have Richard II restored as King.^[1]
  • 14 February - Death of the deposed Richard II in Pontefract Castle. His body is displayed in old St Paul's Cathedral, London, on 17 February before initial burial in Kings Langley Church on 6 March.
  • February - Henry Percy (Hotspur) leads English incursions into Scotland.
  • August - The English occupy Edinburgh^[1] but fail to capture Edinburgh Castle.
  • 16 September - Owain Glyndŵr is proclaimed Prince of Wales by his followers and begins attacking English strongholds in north-east Wales.^[2]
  • 24 September - Welsh rebels invade England, but are turned back at Welshpool.^[1]
  • October - Henry launches a punitive campaign against north Wales.^[1]
  • December - Manuel II Palaiologos becomes the only Byzantine Emperor ever to visit England, being entertained at Eltham Palace.
• 1401
  • Passing of the De heretico comburendo Act — the Archbishop of Canterbury pressures King Henry IV into outlawing as heretics anyone owning an English translation of the Bible.^[1]
  • 2 March - William Sawtrey, a Lollard, is the first person to be burned at the stake at Smithfield.^[1]
  • June - Battle of Hyddgen; outnumbered three to one, Welsh rebels defeat Anglo-Flemish force near Aberystwyth.
  • June - English Pale in Ireland reduced to Dublin, County Kildare, County Louth, and County Meath.^[1]
  • 3 November - Battle of Twthill near Caernarfon; English and Welsh forces both sustain losses with no clear victor.
  • December - Glyndŵr firmly establishes control over northern Wales.^[1]
• 1402
  • 22 June
    • Battle of Nesbit Moor: An English force decisively defeats a returning Scottish raiding party.
    • Battle of Bryn Glas: Welsh rebels defeat the English on the England/Wales border.^[1]
  • August - Glamorgan joins Glyndŵr's revolt.^[1]
  • 14 September - Battle of Humbleton Hill: Northern English nobles led by Sir Henry Percy (Hotspur) and using longbows decisively defeat a Scottish raiding army and capture their leader, the Earl of Douglas.^[2]
• 1403
  • 7 February - King Henry IV of England marries Joanna, daughter of Charles II of Navarre.^[1]
  • 21 July - Battle of Shrewsbury - King Henry IV of England defeats a rebel army led by "Hotspur" Percy who has allied with the Welsh rebel Owain Glyndŵr.^[2] Percy is killed in the battle by an arrow in his face.
  • A guild of stationers is founded in the City of London. As the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers (the "Stationers' Company"), it continues to be a Livery Company in the 21st century.
• 1404
  • 14 January - Henry grants Parliament the power to appoint Royal Councillors and hold them to account for expenditure.^[1]
  • 10 May - Glyndŵr holds a Parliament at Dolgellau.^[1]
  • 14 June - Owain Glyndŵr, having declared himself Prince of Wales, allies with the French against the English.^[2]
  • 6 October - Parliament meets at Coventry; Henry withdraws its powers of oversight over the Royal Council.^[1]
• 1405
  • 11 March - Battle of Grosmont (Monmouthshire): English defeat Welsh rebels.^[1]
  • April - Archbishop of York Richard Scrope joins Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and Lord Bardolf in a rebellion in northern England.^[1]
  • 5 May - Battle of Usk: English defeat Welsh rebels.^[1]
  • 8 June - Following the collapse of their revolt, Richard Scrope together with Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk, and Scrope's nephew, Sir William Plumpton, are tried by a special commission and beheaded at York.^[1] Scrope is the first English prelate to suffer judicial execution.
  • August - Welsh rebels, assisted by the French, unsuccessfully attack Worcester.^[2]
  • Hundred Years' War: French attack Aquitaine.
  • John Thornton of Coventry constructs the largest medieval window in England, at York Minster.^[1]
• 1406
  • 1 March - Parliament meets, and continues to sit until December, when it finally achieves its aims of nominating and ensuring the payment of members of the Royal Council.^[1]
  • 30 March - The heir to the Scottish throne, Prince James, having been captured by English pirates on 22 March, is detained in England.^[3]
  • 13 October - Richard Whittington is elected as Lord Mayor of London for his second full term.
  • English ships attack Brodick Castle on the Isle of Arran.
  • Eric of Pomerania marries Philippa, daughter of Henry IV.
  • Richard, Earl of Cambridge, marries Anne de Mortimer.
• 1407
  • October - Henry, Prince of Wales, besieges Welsh rebels at Aberystwyth.^[1]
  • Central tower of York Minster collapses.
  • David Holbache founds Oswestry School.
• 1408
  • February - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, and Lord Bardolf advance with troops from exile in Scotland to Thirsk where they issue a proclamation that they have come to relieve the people from unjust taxation.
  • 19 February - Battle of Bramham Moor: Thomas de Rokeby, Sheriff of Yorkshire, suppresses the Percy rebellion in the north,^[1] Percy and Bardolf both being killed.
  • September - Henry, Prince of Wales, retakes Aberystwyth from Owain Glyndŵr.^[1]
• 1409
  • 28 February - Henry, Prince of Wales, appointed Constable of Dover and Warden of the Cinque Ports.^[1]
  • March - The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English.^[1]

Births

• 1400
  • 25 December - John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1487)
  • James Touchet, 5th Baron Audley (died 1459)
  • Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, English politician (died 1460)
• 1401
  • 26 November - Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset (died 1418)
• 1402
  • 15 August - Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham (died 1460)
• 1403
  • Robert Wingfield, politician (died 1454)
• 1404
  • 25 March (baptism) - John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, military leader (died 1444)
• 1406
  • 26 September - Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros, soldier and politician (died 1430)
• 1407
  • Thomas de Littleton, judge (born c. 1407)
• 1408
  • 23 April - John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (died 1462)
  • John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel (died 1435)

Deaths

• 1400
  • 5 January
    • John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, politician (executed) (born 1350)
    • Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, politician (executed) (born 1374)
  • 13 January - Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester, politician (executed) (born 1373)
  • 16 January - John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, politician (executed) (born c. 1352)
  • 14 February - King Richard II (possibly murdered) (born 1367)
  • 25 October - Geoffrey Chaucer, poet (born c. 1343)
  • Ralph Strode, scholar (born 1350)
  • Henry Yevele, master mason (born c. 1320)
• 1401
  • March - William Sawtrey, Lollard martyr (burned at the stake) (year of birth unknown)
  • 8 April (or 8 August) Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (born 1338)
• 1402
  • 1 August - Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, son of King Edward III (born 1341)
• 1403
  • 10 May - Katherine Swynford, widow of John of Gaunt (born c. 1350)
  • 12 May - William de Lode, prior (year of birth unknown)
  • 21 July
    • Henry Percy, soldier (killed in battle) (born 1364/1366)
    • Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford (killed in battle) (born 1378)
  • 23 July - Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, rebel (executed) (born 1343)
• 1404
  • 27 September - William of Wykeham, bishop and statesman (born 1320)
• 1405
  • 12 January - Eleanor Maltravers, noblewoman (born 1345)
  • 17 August - Thomas West, 1st Baron West (born 1335)
• 1406
  • 6 January - Roger Walden, bishop (year of birth unknown)
• 1408
  • 20 February - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, statesman (born 1342)
  • Elizabeth le Despenser, noblewoman (year of birth unknown)
• 1409
  • 22 May - Blanche of England, sister of King Henry V (born 1392)
  • Thomas Merke, bishop (year of birth unknown)
  • Edmund Mortimer, rebel (born 1376)

References

See also