1238
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 12th century – 13th century – 14th century |
| Decades: | 1200s 1210s 1220s – 1230s – 1240s 1250s 1260s |
| Years: | 1235 1236 1237 – 1238 – 1239 1240 1241 |
| 1238 by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders – Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Art and literature | |
| 1238 in poetry | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1238 MCCXXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1991 |
| Armenian calendar | 687 ԹՎ ՈՁԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5988 |
| Bengali calendar | 645 |
| Berber calendar | 2188 |
| English Regnal year | 22 Hen. 3 – 23 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1782 |
| Burmese calendar | 600 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6746–6747 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3934 or 3874 — to — 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 3935 or 3875 |
| Coptic calendar | 954–955 |
| Discordian calendar | 2404 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1230–1231 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4998–4999 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1294–1295 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1160–1161 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4339–4340 |
| Holocene calendar | 11238 |
| Igbo calendar | 238–239 |
| Iranian calendar | 616–617 |
| Islamic calendar | 635–636 |
| Japanese calendar | Katei 4 / Ryakunin 1 (暦仁元年) |
| Julian calendar | 1238 MCCXXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3571 |
| Minguo calendar | 674 before ROC 民前674年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1780–1781 |
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Year 1238 (MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- March 4 – Mongol invasion of Rus – Battle of the Sit River: The Mongol Hordes of Batu Khan defeat the Rus' under Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir-Suzdal.
- August 21 – Battle of Örlygsstaðir: Sighvatr Sturluson and Sturla Sighvatsson are defeated by Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson and Gissur Þorvaldsson for control of Iceland.
- September 28 – James I of Catalonia captures the city of Valencia from the Moors, who retreat to Granada.
- The seat of the Patriarch of Aquileia is transferred to Udine.
- Simon de Montfort marries Eleanor, sister of Henry III of England.
- The Livonian Order gives Northern Estonia back to Denmark with the Treaty of Stensby.
- The Mongols seize Moscow, at the time a small town.
- Peterborough Cathedral is consecrated.
- Founder of the Nasrid dynasty, Mohammed I ibn Nasr, begins Alhambra complex on the site of a pre-Islamic fortress.
- Thowadra Monastery is founded in Bhutan.
Asia
Births
- May 1 – Magnus Lagabøte, king of Norway (d. 1280)
- November – Henry de Montfort, son of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester (d. 1265)
- date unknown
- Nizamuddin Auliya, Indian Sufi saint (d. 1325)
- Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1302)
- Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol (d. 1295)
- Shri Madhvacharya, Vaishnavite saint and founder of the Dvaita School (d. 1317)
Deaths
- March 4
- Joan of England, Queen consort of Scotland, wife of Alexander II of Scotland (b. 1210)
- Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir-Suzdalia (b. 1189)
- March 19 – Henry I the Bearded, Duke of Lower Silesia (b. c. 1165)
- June 9 – Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester
- date unknown
- Al-Kamil, Ayyubid sultan of Egypt
- Hugh le Despenser I, English nobleman