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Ĵ or ĵ (J circumflex) is a letter in Esperanto orthography representing the sound [ʒ].
While Esperanto orthography uses a diacritic for its four postalveolar consonants, as do the Latin-based Slavic alphabets, the base letters are Romano-Germanic. Ĵ is based on the French pronunciation of the letter j to better preserve the shape of borrowings from that language (such as ĵurnalo from journal) than Slavic ž would.
Ĵ is the fourteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet. Although it is written as jx in the x-system and jh in the h-system, it is J with a circumflex (ĵ) when written accented. L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, recommended using jh when ĵ is not available.
Usage
In mathematics
- The letter
is sometimes used to denote a unit vector in mathematics.