École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de constructions aéronautiques

ENSICA

Established	1945
Type	Grande école
Administrative staff	30 (permanent professors) + 770 (invited speakers)
Students	about 500
Location	Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France
Campus	Urban
Mascot	Toucan
Affiliations	French Ministry of Defense, GEA
Website	www.isae.fr

The École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de constructions aéronautiques (ENSICA), meaning National Higher School of aeronautical constructions, is a French engineering school founded in 1945. It is located in Toulouse.

In 2007, Ensica merged with Supaéro to form the Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (ISAE).

Ensica recruits its students from the French "Concours des Grandes Écoles". A competitive examination which requires studies at the "classes préparatoires". Classes préparatoires last two years where students are to work intensively on mathematics and physics. Studies at Ensica last 3 years where students eventually get a Master in Aeronautics.

Area of studies cover all the fundamentals of aeronautics, including: aerodynamics, structures, fluid dynamics, thermal power, electronics, control theory, airframe systems, IT... Students are also trained to management, manufacturing, certification, and foreign languages.

This great diversity allows engineers from Ensica to work in all areas of the aeronautical industry, but also in the car industry or computer industry for instance.

Main employers are Airbus, Thales, Dassault, Safran (Sagem, Snecma), Rolls Royce, Astrium, Eurocopter.

History

The decree giving birth to the "Ecole Nationale des Travaux Aéronautiques" (ENTA) was signed in 1945. The text was then ratified by Charles de Gaulle, president of the temporary government, and by René Pleven, Finance Minister. There were 25 students in the first class and 24 of them joined the "Ingénieurs Militaires des Travaux de l'Air" (IMTA).

In 1957, the school changed its name to the "Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Constructions Aéronautiques" (ENICA).The course was extended to three years and the school embarked on its new civil vocation welcoming a higher proportion of civil students.

In 1961, ENICA was transferred to Toulouse, the director at that time being Emile Blouin. It then took on a new dimension and established its identity. In 1969, the school joined the competitive entrance examination system organised by the Ecoles Nationales Supérieures d'Ingénieurs (ENSI). It thus increased its recruitment standards to become one of the leading French schools. This excellence was rewarded in 1979 when it received the Médaille de l'Aéronautique from Général Georges Bousquet: ENICA then became ENSICA, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Constructions Aéronautiques.

The eighties were marked by a profound diversification in the training courses offered: opening of a "Mastère" degree and an Advanced Studies degree (DEA) in automatic control and mechanics, specialisations in aircraft maintenance and helicopter techniques. ENSICA became the top-listed school for students with pass marks in ENSI competitive entrance examinations and continuously increased the part set aside for research. It also internationalised its training by implementing exchange programmes with English, American and German institutes and universities. In 1994, ENSICA became a public establishment and can now sign, in its own name, agreements and conventions with other organisations and receive research contracts.

Today, ENSICA has a staff of 150 people including 25 scientific directors and almost 700 part-time lecturers. The school can accommodate more than 400 students on the initial training courses and the same number of persons doing further training. The 50th class recently graduated. It included a total of 98 graduates 11 students of which did their third year of studies in a foreign university (USA, Great Britain, Germany and Sweden) and a high number of students who carried out their end of study projects abroad.

Missions

A public establishment under the auspices of the Ministry of Defence, ENSICA gives very high-level technological teaching courses for civil and military engineering students and offers a very complete range of training:

"Diplôme d'Ingenieur" (engineer's diploma) course;
training for and through scientific research;
a set of "Mastère Spécialisé" courses;
further education courses;
research.

The engineer's course lasts three years. On the cutting edge of aerospace knowledge, it provides future engineers with a high capability for adaptation to the different forms that their professions can take in most of the advanced scientific and technical sectors of activity.

Profiles and missions of ENSICA's engineers:

ENSICA's target is to train advanced multidisciplinary engineers capable, at outcome, of controlling complex projects within an international context.

The engineers, trained over a period of three years after the preparatory classes or two years upon submission on academic records (for students with a master's degree and military students), are in particular well suited for working in the aerospace sectors.

The ENSICA engineer is capable of specifying a problem, analysing it, modelling it and implementing a method to solve it. They reason by induction and have mastered disciplines such as mechanics, electronics or data processing tools.

Their qualities also include an open mind and a sense of responsibility, a faculty for adaptation and communication, qualities enabling them to rapidly integrate work teams.

Departments of Ensica

At ENSICA, research and training are well and truly integrated into the four training and research departments: avionics and systems, mechanical engineering, fluid mechanics, applied mathematics and computer science.

A general policy note about research settles its goals and the principles on which it is built.

On this basis, each department defines its policy by harmonising the targets and the components of the “teaching” and “research” activities.

All the departments are composed with a high level scientific staff (the current staff, around 20, is planned be doubled before 2004). The staff is composed by lecturers-researchers with Ph.D's, lecturers and senior lecturers from universities and full professors. They are responsible for the research work and pedagogical engineering, as well as the coordination of the lecturers' teams. By this way, they actively participate in international actions and in industrial relations.

The lecturers come, for one third, from the university and research world, for one fourth from industry and one fourth from the DGA.

Human, economics, social, linguistics and multi-cultural training is under the responsibility of three departments: human and social sciences, sports and languages.

Main departments are Avionics, Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Dynamics and Mathematics

Avionics

The Avionics & Systems Department develop : - In the first year a basic training in: Signal processing, Automatic System and Electrical Engineering.

- In avionics the basic training in the area of invariable linear systems and of electrical Engineering, completed by some notions in analysis and probabilities, makes it possible to approach the aspects relative to control, guidance and navigation during the second year.

- In the third year, two advanced itineraries are proposed into the field :

Signals - Communications
Control - Avionics

The Department trains at these multidisciplinary itineraries :

Aircraft system
Space systems
Control - Guidance
Radar - Telecommunications

Preparation for the post-graduate diplomas DEA (Advanced Studies Diploma) :

Signals - images - acoustics
automatics systems.

These two itineraries allow, respectively, the preparation for the postgraduate diplomas signals-images-acoutics and automatic systems.

Taught subjects

Functional approach of electronics and electric engineering
Strong theorical bases of signal processing allowing a use in image processing, radar and telecommunications.
Optics and optronics bases.
Antennas and radars theories and applications in the aeronautical and spatial domains.
Approach of real-time systems based on a concrete system built on a micro controller.
Finally, control : from modelisation and control of simple processes to applied advanced methods in the aeronautical domain.

Mechanical engineering

The aim of the Mechanical engineering Department's curriculum is to provide the students with basic knowledge in mechanics indispensable for their future jobs as engineers and this within a multidisciplinary aerospace training framework.

The objective is therefore to provide the students with solid foundations and to develop their capacities to analyse mechanisms and structures. The target is also to train them in current scientific methodologies and in mechanism and structure computer design tools.

The Mechanical Engineering courses lasts three years and includes : - basic training including fundamental knowledge mainly concerning calculation of structures and technological knowledge of mechanisms, manufacturing and materials, - training applied to aeronautics and space; this part increasing progressively throughout the three years.

This common core is complemented, within the scope the third-year optional modules, by courses given at ENSICA for the Mechanical Engineering advanced studies degree and more specialised courses related to aeronautics and space.

The Mechanical Engineering Department also coordinates the school's space activities: this specific space training corresponds to around 250 hours and development is oriented both towards ultralight systems and manned flight engineering.

Fluid Dynamics

The courses given by the Fluid Mechanics Department concern the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and continuum mechanics. The courses in these two disciplines are given in the first year and are completed by a basic fluid mechanics course (general equations of the movement of a Newtonian fluid and inviscid fluid movements). In the second year, the studies concern the flow of incompressible viscous fluids and compressible inviscid fluids dealing with the boundary layer, shock wave and turbulence phenomena with complements in unsteady fluid hypersonic and mechanical phenomena.

From these theoretical bases, aeronautical applications are introduced in the second year. They mainly concern:

external aerodynamics plus flight mechanics and handling qualities. aeronautical turbine engines.

Mathematics

The goal of the applied mathematics courses is to bring the students to acquire the skills that will enable them to master the methods that are useful for resolving concrete problems. Given a particular problem, it is a question of developing the capacities for constructing an appropriate model, mastering the numerical aspects of its solution and appreciating its limits. Computer-based implementation is an integral part of this training. The CS teaching highlights the general, high-level concepts that will enable the future engineers to adapt to change in CS techniques and methods. The goals of CS training are:

(1) to study the methods for developing programs (specification methods, object-oriented design, structured programming algorithms, testing);

(2) to learn the basics of algorithmics

(3) in-depth study of object programming, and learning an object-oriented methodology that uses UML as modeling notation;

(4) to study the specific features of "Real-Time" applications and systems and of new-generation network architectures in close association with the research work carried out in the department. Practical implementations of theoretical concepts are based on Java language;

ENSICA is co-accredited for issuing the Toulouse Systems Postgraduate School's Computer-based Systems DEAs (Advanced Studies Degrees) in cooperation with UPS science university, INSA and SUPAERO engineering schools, and the Toulouse CS and Telecommunications Postgraduate School's Networks and Telecommunications DEAs in cooperation with INPT engineering school, UPS science university, SUPAERO, INSA, ENST and ENAC engineering schools.

Training periods and international perspectives

During the 3 years, students of Ensica have the opportunity of studying for one semester or one year abroad, or make a one-year additional training period in a company.

Foreign partnerships include:

Australia