Zortziko

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The zortziko is a dance rhythm that originates in the Basque Country. It is also used as an accompaniment rhythm for vocal melodies, such as "Gernikako arbola", the “unofficial anthem” of the Basques, composed in 1853 by José María Iparraguirre (Laborde 2001).

The zortziko has a distinctive 5/8 time signature, consisting of three subdivisions of 1, 2, and 2 beats. Some theories hold that the zortziko rhythm evolved from a 3/4 time signature that was deformed to more closely follow the beat structure of traditional Basque dance music.^{[citation needed]} Others hold that it is in 5/4 time, "like the Rueda except that the 2nd and 4th beats are almost always dotted notes" (Kennedy 2006), or that it actually a double compound meter combining an irregular binary (5/16 divided 2 + 3) and an irregular ternary (8/16 divided 2 + 3 + 3), creating an ostinato pattern of "irregular bichrome" measures, which in Constantin Brăiloiu's terminology is called an aksak rhythm (Laborde 2001).

The instrumentation typically used to execute the zortziko rhythm are the txistu and the tamboril.^{[citation needed]}

Despite the zortziko's origins and continued popularity in folk music, some composers (including Charles-Valentin Alkan, Aita Donostia, Jesús Guridi, Gabriel Pierné, Maurice Ravel (in his piano trio), Pablo Sorozábal, and José María Usandizaga) have also incorporated it into classical music.

References

Kennedy, Michael. 2006. "Zortziko". The Oxford Dictionary of Music, second edition, revised. Associate editor Joyce Bourne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198614593.
Laborde, Denis. 2001. "Basque Music". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

Zortziko

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Further reading