Ziyarid dynasty

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Ziyarid dynasty
زیاریان
Emirate
←
930–1090 →
 
→
Map of the Ziyarid dynasty, lighter blue shows their greatest extent for a small period of time.
Capital
Languages Persian
Caspian languages
Religion Zoroastrianism (930–935)[1]
Sunni Islam (935-1090)
Political structure Emirate
Historical era Middle Ages
 -  Established 930
 -  Disestablished 1090
History of Iran
ANCIENT PERIOD
Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 BCE
Elam 2700–539 BCE
Mannaeans 850–616 BCE
IMPERIAL PERIOD
Median Empire 678–550 BCE
  (Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BCE)
Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BCE
Atropatene 320s BC – 3rd century AD
Seleucid Empire 312–63 BCE
Parthian Empire 247 BCE – 224 CE
Sasanian Empire 224–651
MEDIEVAL (EARLY ISLAMIC) PERIOD
Umayyad Caliphate 661–750
Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258
  Minor dynasties of northern Iran
Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349
Masmughans
of Damavand 651–760		 Paduspanids 665–1598
Justanids 791–974
Alids of northern Iran 864–14th century
  Iranian Intermezzo 821–1062
Tahirid dynasty
821–873		 Samanid dynasty
819–999
Saffarid dynasty
861–1002		 Ziyarid dynasty
930–1090
Sallarid dynasty
919–1062		 Sajid dynasty
889/890–929
Buyid dynasty
934–1062		 Ilyasids
932–968
Ghaznavid Empire 977–1186
Kakuyids 1008–1141
Ghurid dynasty 1011–1215
Nasrids 1029–1236
Great Seljuq Empire 1037–1194
Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231
Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319
Mihrabanids 1236–1537
Kurt dynasty 1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty
1335–1357		 Muzaffarid dynasty
1335–1393
Jalayirid dynasty
1336–1432		 Sarbadars
1337–1376
Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504
Timurid Empire 1370–1405
Qara Qoyunlu
1406–1468		 Timurid dynasty
1405–1507
Agh Qoyunlu
1468–1508		 Kia'i dynasty 1389–1592
EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Safavid Empire 1501–1736
  (Hotaki dynasty 1722–1729)
Afsharid Empire 1736–1747
Zand dynasty
1760–1794		 Afsharid dynasty
1747–1796
Qajar Empire 1796–1925
MODERN PERIOD
Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979
Interim Government 1979–1980
Islamic Republic 1980–present
This box:
History of Greater Iran
Until the rise of modern nation-states
Pre-modern

The Ziyarids, also spelled Zeyarids (Persian: زیاریان or آل زیار‎) were a Dailamite[2] dynasty that ruled in the Caspian sea provinces of Gorgan and Mazandaran from 930 to 1090. The founder of the dynasty was Mardavij (from 930 to 935), who took advantage of a rebellion in the Samanid army of Iran to seize power in northern Iran. He soon expanded his domains and captured the cities of Hamadan,[3] Isfahan,[3] and half of the Kermanshah province.[3] By 934 his conquests included Ahvaz in southern Iran. He further planned to restore the Sasanian Empire through conquering Baghdad and ousting the caliphate, but was instead murdered in 935.[3]

Perhaps among the more interesting things from this era is that we know that Abu Rayhan Biruni, the great scientist of the Middle Ages, was supported by Qabus, the ruler of the Ziyarid state, in 1000 in Gorgan. In fact he dedicated his work Chronology to Qabus around 1000 and observed eclipses of the moon from there.[4]

Another feature is the tower Gonbad e Ghaboos built during this era. The tomb is one of the earliest architectural monuments with a dated inscription surviving in post-Islamic Iran. The tomb, built of fired brick, is an enormous cylinder capped by a conical roof. The circular plan, broken by 10 flanges, is 17 m in diameter, and the walls are 5.2 , thick. The height from base to tip is 49 m. Legend has it, that the body of Qabus was enclosed in a glass coffin which was suspended by chains from the interior dome inside the tower.

Family tree

 
 
 
 
Vardan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ziyar
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mardavij
930-934
 
 
 
Vushmgir
934-967
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Farhad
 
Behsutun
967-976
 
Qabus
976-1012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Manuchihr
1012-1031
 
Dara
 
Iskandar
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anushirvan
1031-1043
 
 
 
 
 
Keikavus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gilanshah
 

Art and architecture

One of the most famous architectural works of Ziyarid is the Gonbad Kavous (literally Dome of Qabus).

Gonbad Kavous, built in 1006.
9-10th century beaker from Iran. Blown and relief-cut glass. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

See also

References

  1. ↑ A. Christian Van Gorder, Christianity in Persia and the Status of Non-Muslims in Modern Iran, (Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 81 n27.
  2. ↑ Ziyarids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol.XI, Ed. P.J.Bearman, T.Bianquis, C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P.Heinrichs, (Brill, 2002), 539.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Ziyarids, C.E. Bosworth, Encyclopaedia Iranica, (October 1, 2010).
  4. ↑ The Exact Sciences, E.S.Kennedy, The Cambridge History of Iran: The period from the Arab invasion to the Saljuqs, Vol. 4, 394.

External links

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