Zinc oxide eugenol

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Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is a material created by the combination of zinc oxide and eugenol contained in oil of cloves. An acid-base reaction takes place with the formation of zinc eugenolate chelate. The reaction is catalysed by water and is accelerated by the presence of metal salts. ZOE can be used as a filling or cement material in dentistry.[1][2] It is often used in dentistry when the decay is very deep or very close to the nerve or pulp chamber. Because the tissue inside the tooth, i.e. the pulp, reacts badly to the drilling stimulus (heat and vibration), it frequently becomes severely inflamed and precipitates a condition called acute or chronic pulpitis. This condition usually leads to severe chronic tooth sensitivity or actual toothache and can then only be treated with the removal of the nerve (pulp) called root canal therapy. The placement of a ZOE "temporary" for a few to several days prior to the placement of the final filling usually prevents the sensitivity or toothache and therefore, most times, precludes the need for the expensive and time consuming root canal procedure. It is classified as an intermediate restorative material and has anaesthetic and antibacterial properties. It is sometimes used in the management of dental caries as a "temporary filling". ZOE cements were introduced in the 1890s.

Zinc oxide eugenol is also used as an impression material during construction of complete dentures and is used in the mucostatic technique of taking impressions, usually in a special tray, (acrylic) produced after primary alginate impressions. However, ZnO/E is not usually used if the patient has large undercuts or tuberosities, whereby silicone impression materials would be better suited.

Zinc oxide eugenol is also used as an antimicrobial additive in paint.

TYPES According to ANSI/ADA Specification no:30 (ISO 3107) Depending on intended use and individual formulation designed for each specific purpose. Type I  : Temporary ZOE Luting cement. Type II : Long term ZOE Luting cement. Type III: Temporary ZOE Restoration. Type IV : Intermediate ZOE Restoration.

Composition

The chemical composition of ZOE is typically:[3]

ZOE impression pastes are dispensed as two separate pastes. One tube contains zinc oxide and vegetable or mineral oil; the other contains eugenol and rosin. The vegetable or mineral oil acts as a plasticizer and aids in offsetting the action of the eugenol as an irritant.

Oil of cloves, which contains 70% to 85% eugenol, is sometimes used in preference to eugenol because it produces less burning sensation for patients when it contacts the soft tissues. The addition of rosin to the paste in the second tube facilitates the speed of the reaction and yields a smoother, more homogenous product.

Canada balsam and Peru balsam are often used to increase flow and improve mixing properties. If the mixed paste is too thin or lacks body before it sets, a filler (such as a wax) or an inert powder (such as kaolin, talc, or diatomaceous earth) may be added to one or both of the original pastes.

References

  1. ↑ Jack L. Ferracane, Materials in Dentistry: Principles and Applications, 2001, 2d Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 0-7817-2733-2
  2. ↑ Richard van Noort, 2002, Introduction to Dental Materials, 2d Edition, Elsevier Health Sciences, ISBN 0-7234-3215-5
  3. ↑ Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression Pastes -A Study of an impression material- Chung Suck Lee, D.D.S.

A D Wilson and J W Nicholson, Acid-Base Cements, 1993, ISBN 0-521-37222-4, Chapter 9

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