Zhou Xuechang
Zhou Xuechang (simplified Chinese: 周学昌; traditional Chinese: 周學昌; pinyin: Zhōu Xuéchāng; Wade–Giles: Chou Hsüeh-ch'ang; March 19, 1898[1] – November 27, 1952) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was an important figure during the Wang Jingwei regime. His courtesy name was Zhihou (芝侯). He was born in Anxin, Zhili (Now Hebei).
Biography
He graduated from Peking University and Guangdong University. In 1925, he became instructor in the Whampoa Military Academy. Zhou Xuechang successively held the positions of Political Chief of the 2nd Division in the East Route Army of the Northern Expedition, Manager of the Kuomintang's Central Part and Leading Member of the Beiping (Peking) Branch of Kuomintang, etc. In 1931, he was appointed to the Chief of the Bureau for Education of the Beiping City Government. In next October, he was appointed Member of the Committee of the Shanxi Provincial Government. In 1938, he became Member of the Preparatory committee for Xikang Province.
In August 1939, Zhou Xuechang participated in Wang Jingwei's Group, and was appointed Member of the Kuomintang's Central Committee (Wang's clique). In next September, he was appointed Superintendent of Education of the Training Team for Central Political Affairs. In December 1941,[2] he was promoted to Mayor of the Nanjing Special City, and stayed on this position until the Wang Jingwei regime collapsed.
After the Wang Jingwei regime had collapsed, on August 17, 1945, the Leader of the Team of the Taxation Police Bureau (稅警局隊長) Zhou Gao (周鎬) who was a subordinate of Zhou Fohai suddenly started capturing important members of the Wang Jingwei regime. By that time, Zhou Xuechang had also been arrested by Zhou Gao's group. Later the Vice-Chief of the General Staff of the China Expeditionary Army Takeo Imai (今井武夫) urged Zhou Gao to release arrested people, so Zhou Xuechang was also set free.[3]
But on September 26 the same year, Zhou Xuechang was arrested by Chiang Kaishek's National Government. On October 19, 1945 he was convicted of treason and surrender to the enemy (namely Hanjian) and sentenced to death. In May 1947, his sentence was confirmed by the higher court. But he was not executed during the Chinese Civil War, and in January 1949, he was transferred to the prison of Shanghai. After the People's Republic of China had been established, his treatment did not change, and he served his sentence at Shanghai.
Zhou Xuechang died of illness in prison on November 27, 1952.[4]
References
- ↑ According to Zheng Renjia. Xu Youchun (main ed.), p. 939, his birth year was 1897.
- ↑ Xu, op.cit. According to Liu Shoulin (etc.ed.), p.1134, Zhou was appointed to this position in January 1942.
- ↑ Liu Jie, pp.156-157. It was widely believed that Zhou Fohai wanted to make an appeal his loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek, so he ordered Zhou Gao to arrest important people of the Wang Jinwei Regime. But Zhou Fohai denied his responsibility.
- ↑ According to Yu Zidao (etc.), p.1615. Zheng wrote "November 26, 1952".
Footnotes
- Xu Youchun (徐友春) (main ed.) (2007). Unabridged Biographical Dictionary of the Republic, Revised and Enlarged Version (民国人物大辞典 增订版). Hebei People's Press (Hebei Renmin Chubanshe; 河北人民出版社). ISBN 978-7-202-03014-1.
- Zheng Renjia (鄭仁佳), "The biographical sketch of Zhou Xuechang" (周學昌小傳) Biographical Writings (傳記文學) Website (requires a Traditional Chinese font)
- Yu Zidao (余子道) (etc.) (2006). The Complete History of Wang's Fake Regime (汪伪政权全史). Shanghai People's Press (Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe; 上海人民出版社). ISBN 7-208-06486-5.
- Liu Jie (劉傑) (2000). The Trial for Hanjians (漢奸裁判). Chuokoron-Shinsha. ISBN 978-4-12-101544-0.
- Liu Shoulin (刘寿林) (etc.ed.) (1995). The Chronological Table of the Republic's Officer (民国职官年表). Zhonghua Book Company (Zhonghua Shuju; 中华书局). ISBN 7-101-01320-1.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Cai Pei |
Mayor of Nanjing Special City (Nanjing Nationalist Government) 1942 — 1945 |
Succeeded by dissolution of the Nanjing Nationalist Government |