Zhang Chunqiao

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This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang.

Zhang Chunqiao
Personal details
Born	February 1 1917 Heze, Shandong, China
Died	21 April 2005(2005-04-21) (aged 88) Beijing, People's Republic of China
Death cause	Pancreatic cancer
Penalties	Capital punishment (defer 2 years for execution)→Life imprisonment→18 years in jail

Zhang Chunqiao

Simplified Chinese

张春桥

Traditional Chinese

張春橋

Transcriptions
Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhāng Chūnqiáo
Wade–Giles	Chang Ch'un-ch'iao

Zhang Chunqiao (pinyin: Zhāng Chūnqiáo; Wade-Giles: Chang Ch'un-ch'iao; IPA: [tʂɑ́ŋ tʂʰúntɕʰjɑ̌ʊ]; February 1, 1917 – April 21, 2005) was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician. He came to the national spotlight during the late stages of the Cultural Revolution, and was a member of the Maoist radical group dubbed the "Gang of Four".

Biography

Born in Juye County, Shandong, Zhang worked as a writer in Shanghai in the 1930s. After the Yan'an conference in 1938, he joined the Communist Party of China. With the creation of the People's Republic of China, he became a prominent journalist in Shanghai in charge of the Liberation Daily (Jiefang Ribao). He met Jiang Qing in Shanghai and helped to launch the Cultural Revolution.

Zhang first came to prominence as the result of his October 1958 Jiefang ("Liberation") magazine entitled “Destroy the Ideas of Bourgeois Legal Ownership.” Mao Zedong ordered the reproduction of the article in Renmin Ribao ("People’s Daily"), and personally wrote an accompanying “Editor’s Note” giving mild approval.^[1] He was seen as one of Mao Zedong's full supporters as he was starting a struggle with rival leader Liu Shaoqi.

In February 1967 Zhang organized the Shanghai Commune along with Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan, becoming chairman of the city's Revolutionary Committee, encompassing both the posts of city mayor and CPC Committee secretary, until the latter post was restored in 1971. In April 1969 he joined the Politburo of the Central Committee and in 1973 he was promoted to the Standing Committee of the Politburo. In January 1975 he became second deputy Premier, ranking first after Deng Xiaoping was purged for the sixth time in 1981. His attempt to promote himself higher in the party's hierarchy ended when he was arrested in October 1976. He was sentenced to death, together with Jiang Qing, in 1984, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.

He was released for medical reasons in 1998 and was arranged to live in obscurity back in Shanghai.

Among those calling themselves Maoist outside China, a large portion, perhaps a majority, still uphold the theories of Zhang Chunqiao.^{[citation needed]} His most widely respected article^{[citation needed]} is "On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship over the Bourgeoisie," in which he explained the bases and extent of the problem of the bourgeoisie in China and what would have to be done to prevent capitalist restoration.

Zhang ChunQiao has taken on the Western name of Robin Zhang and is well known for his charity which aims to stop purges in political parties world wide. In May 2005, it was announced that he had died of cancer the previous month.^[2]

Notes

↑ Chang, Parris H., Power and Policy in China, 2nd Edition, The Pennsylvania State University Press (University Park: 1978), p. 100, and n21-22.
↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4533401.stm

References

Political offices
Preceded by Cao Gengqiu as Mayor of Shanghai	Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Shanghai 1967–1976	Succeeded by Su Zhenhua
Preceded by Deng Xiaoping	First-ranking Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China 1976	Succeeded by Li Xiannian
Party political offices
Preceded by Chen Pixian Vacant since 1967	Secretary of the CPC Shanghai Committee 1971–1976	Succeeded by Su Zhenhua
Military offices
Preceded by Li Desheng Vacant since 1970	Director of the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army 1975–1976	Succeeded by Wei Guoqing Vacant until 1977

v t e CPC Committee Secretaries and Mayors of Shanghai

CPC Committee Secretaries	Rao Shushi Chen Yi Ke Qingshi Chen Pixian Zhang Chunqiao Su Zhenhua Peng Chong Chen Guodong Rui Xingwen Jiang Zemin Zhu Rongji Wu Bangguo Huang Ju Chen Liangyu Han Zheng Xi Jinping Yu Zhengsheng Han Zheng

Mayors	Chen Yi Ke Qingshi Cao Diqiu Zhang Chunqiao Su Zhenhua Peng Chong Wang Daohan Jiang Zemin Zhu Rongji Huang Ju Xu Kuangdi Chen Liangyu Han Zheng Yang Xiong

v t e The Cultural Revolution

Major events	Socialist Education Movement Lushan Conference Down to the Countryside Movement January Storm February Countercurrent Wuhan Incident 9th Party Congress Project 571 Outline 10th Party Congress Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Tiananmen Incident 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

Key figures	Mao Zedong Liu Shaoqi Zhou Enlai Lin Biao Deng Xiaoping Gang of Four (Jiang Qing Zhang Chunqiao Yao Wenyuan Wang Hongwen) Peng Dehuai Wu Han Peng Zhen Chen Boda Wang Dongxing Xie Fuzhi Kang Sheng Mao Yuanxin

Documents	Bombard the Headquarters The Little Red Book Hai Rui Dismissed from Office Learn from Daqing in industry

Concepts	Four Olds Struggle session Feudal Fascism Two Whatevers Big-character poster One Divides Into Two Democracy Wall Eight model plays Scar literature Capitalist roader

Groups	Red Guards Cultural Revolution Group Revolutionary Committee Shanghai People's Commune 8341 Special Regiment The Rusticated Youth of China

Related topics	Maoism Great Leap Forward Class struggle Sino-Soviet Split Ultra-Leftism

History portal

Persondata
Name	Zhang, Chunqiao
Alternative names
Short description	Member of the Gang of Four
Date of birth	January 1, 1917
Place of birth	Heze, Shandong, Republic of China
Date of death	April 21, 2005
Place of death	Beijing, People's Republic of China

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