Zero (art)

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Günther Uecker Foto: Lothar Wolleh
Heinz Mack Foto: Lothar Wolleh
Otto Piene Foto: Lothar Wolleh

Zero is a group of artists founded by Heinz Mack and Otto Piene willing to became an international art movement, sometimes associated with the Nouveau réalisme paradigm.

History

Zero was the name of a magazine founded in 1957 by Heinz Mack officially disappeared in 1967. Mack and fellow artist Otto Piene invited artists like Günther Uecker to exhibit in their studio, and the three friends became the founding fathers of the Zero movement, which would soon reach out to embrace artists throughout Europe. Working in an environment without galleries and contemporary art spaces, these artists came together to exhibit their work in a series of one-day-only evening exhibitions, often staged in their studios.[1] Manifestos were often published in association with the shows, such as “Zero 1” (1958), “Zero 2” (1958), and “Zero 3” (1961). These included texts in multiple languages written by artists and curators active in the Zero circle who sought to define what they termed “The New Artistic Conception.” The involved artists soon established a vigorous network of collaboration and exchange. Like-minded practitioners came above all from France (Arman, Jean Tinguely, and Yves Klein), Italy (Lucio Fontana and Piero Manzoni), Spain (Antoni Tàpies), and Austria (Arnulf Rainer).[2]

In 2008, Piene, Mack, Uecker, and Mattijs Visser created the international ZERO foundation.[3]

Exhibitions

In March 1959, artists Pol Bury, Paul van Hoeydonck, Jean Tinguely, and Daniel Spoerri organized "Motion in Vision – Vision in Motion", an exhibition at Hessenhuis in Antwerpen that for the first time gave ZERO an international audience. In 1961, Düsseldorf-based Galerie Schmela mounted "ZERO. Edition, Exposition, Demonstration". The movement's first group exhibitions in the United States were shown at Howard Wise Gallery, New York, and Washington Gallery of Modern Art, Washington D.C., in 1964.

Under the rubric "Zero. Artists of a European Movement," a 2006 exhibition at the Museum der Moderne Salzburg presented 120 works by 50 Zero artists.[4] The works were loaned by the German collectors Gerhard and Anna Lenz, a German couple that was involved with the Zero movement almost from its beginnings.[5] Gerhard Lenz had first encountered the Zero group at an exhibition of Piene’s work in a Düsseldorf bookshop more in 1963. From 1974, the couple exhibited the collection in 12 shows over 25 years, including in Frankfurt, Barcelona, Moscow, and Warsaw.[6]

"The Art of Zero", a 2013 exhibition at the Neuberger Museum of Art will include works from the museum's permanent collection, by artists who were part of or exhibited with Group Zero, including Getulio Alviani, Hartmut Böhm, Enrico Castellani, Gianni Colombo, Lucio Fontana, Heinz Mack, Almir Mavignier, Henk Peeters, Otto Piene, Jesús Rafael Soto, Jean Tinguely, Luis Tomasello, and Günther Uecker.[7]

Art market

In 2010, Sotheby's auctioned off parts the collection of Gerhard and Anna Lenz in London. Initially valued at 12 million pounds ($19.5 million),[8] the 49 paintings, drawings and low-relief panels made up from a variety of media were sold in an evening auction reaching £54.07 million, or about $84.5 million; unusual for a contemporary art sale, 74 of the 77 lots offered sold, resulting in a 96 percent success rate.[9][10][11][12]

References

  1. ↑ ZERO in New York, 6 November - 20 December 2008 Sperone Westwater, New York.
  2. ↑ David Galloway (March 3, 2006), European movement with Zero as the sum of its parts International Herald Tribune.
  3. ↑ Officiel website of ZERO.
  4. ↑ Mariana Schroeder (May 19, 2006), Gauging the Impact of Zero Wall Street Journal.
  5. ↑ David Galloway (March 3, 2006), European movement with Zero as the sum of its parts International Herald Tribune.
  6. ↑ Catherine Hickley (January 20, 2010), Klein, Fontana Collectors Lenz to Auction $19.5 Million of Art Bloomberg.
  7. ↑ The Art of Zero Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase, NY.
  8. ↑ Catherine Hickley (January 20, 2010), Klein, Fontana Collectors Lenz to Auction $19.5 Million of Art Bloomberg.
  9. ↑ Souren Melikian (February 11, 2010), A Great Night for Sotheby’s Contemporary Art Auction International Herald Tribune.
  10. ↑ Souren Melikian (February 12, 2010), An Almost Defiant Success International Herald Tribune.
  11. ↑ Adam Lindemann (December 14, 2010), Why the Art Market Is Rising New York Observer.
  12. ↑ Sarah Thornton (February 17, 2010), Out from the ashes The Economist.

Further reading

  • Renate Buschmann, Stephan von Wiese (eds.): Fotos schreiben Kunstgeschichte. DuMont, Cologne 2007 (Exhibition catalogue for Fotos schreiben Kunstgeschichte, December 8, 2007 bis March 2, 2008, Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf), ISBN 978-3-8321-9058-3.
  • Anette Kuhn: ZERO. Eine Avantgarde der sechziger Jahre. Propyläen, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1991, ISBN 978-3-549-06694-2
  • Anna Lenz: The Zero Era. The Lenz Schönberg Collection: Living in Art. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7757-2411-1
  • museum kunst palast (ed.): ZERO – Internationale Künstler-Avantgarde der 50er/60er Jahre. With texts by Bazon Brock, Tiziana Caianiello, Heinz-Norbert Jocks, Catherine Millet, Lóránd Hegyi, Valerie L. Hillings, Heike van den Valentyn, Atsuo Yamamoto, Mattijs Visser. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 978-3-7757-1747-2.
  • Otto Piene, “The Development the Group “ZERO””, London: The Times Literary Supplement; September 3, 1964.
  • Otto Piene and Heinz Mack, "Zero", Cambridge: MIT Press, 1973, ISBN 978-0-262-16041-4
  • Karl Ruhrberg (ed.): Zeitzeichen. Stationen Bildender Kunst in Nordrhein-Westfalen. DuMont, Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7701-2314-X.
  • Klaus Schrenk (ed.): Aufbrüche. Manifeste, Manifestationen. Positionen in der bildenden Kunst zu Beginn der 60er Jahre in Berlin, Düsseldorf und München. DuMont, Cologne 1984
  • Heiner Stachelhaus: Zero. Heinz Mack, Otto Piene, Günther Uecker. Econ, Düsseldorf 1993, ISBN 978-3-430-18683-4.
  • "ZERO in NY", exhibition catalogue edited by Mattijs Visser, published by the ZERO foundation and Sperone Westwater, New York/Düsseldorf/Ghent 2008, ISBN 978-90-76979-73-1

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