Zawkrze
Ziemia zawkrzanska, also called Zawkrze, is a small historic region of Poland (ziemia), located in northern Mazovia, along the border with Masuria. Its approximate area is 1,784 sq. kilometers, and the population - 114,000. Currently, Zawkrze has three towns, and more than 200 villages. Its name comes from the Wkra river - Zawkrze means “the land behind the Wkra”, from the perspective of Plock, historic capital of Mazovia. The largest town of the region is Mlawa, while historic capital of Zawkrze is Szrensk.
Zawkrze lies between the Wkra (in the south), Dzialdowka (in the west), Orzyca and Lydynia (in the east) rivers, and former border with Prussia in the north. Northern border was established by the Treaty of Kalisz (1343). From east to west, Zawkrze is some 55 kilometers, while from north to south - some 70 kilometers. Currently, Zawkrze is divided between five counties and two voivodeships - Mlawa, Zuromin, Ciechanow, Nidzica and Dzialdowo. Its has three towns (Mlawa, Zuromin, Glinojeck, as well as three former towns - Kuczbork, Niedzborz and Szrensk. There is a sports club “Zawkrze” Mlawa, as well as Museum of the Zawkrze Region, also in Mlawa.
In the Middle Ages, Zawkrze was part of the Duchy of Plock. From 1384 to 1399 and from 1407 to 1411, Zawkrze was pawned to the Teutonic Knights by Duke of Mazovia, Siemowit IV. In 1494, during the reign of King Jan Olbracht, Zawkrze was annexed by the Kingdom of Poland, in which it was part of P∏ock Voivodeship. It was divided into three counties (Szrensk, Mlawa and Niedzborz, and its boundaries remained unchanged until the Partitions of Poland - following the second partition (1793), northern part of Zawkrze was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and in 1795, whole Zawkrze became part of Prussia. From 1815 to 1918, Zawkrze belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland.