Ypsilanti, Michigan

Ypsilanti, Michigan
City
City of Ypsilanti
Images from top to bottom, left to right: Ypsilanti Water Tower, Depot Town/Sidetrack Bar & Grill, Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum, Michigan Firehouse Museum, and Eastern Michigan University's Starkweather Hall
Flag
Nickname(s): Ypsi
Motto: "Pride. Diversity. Heritage."
Coordinates: 42°14′34″N 83°37′6″W / 42.24278°N 83.61833°W / 42.24278; -83.61833Coordinates: 42°14′34″N 83°37′6″W / 42.24278°N 83.61833°W / 42.24278; -83.61833
Country	United States
State	Michigan
County	Washtenaw
First settled	1823
Incorporated village	1832
Incorporated city	1858
Government
• Mayor	Paul Schreiber
• City Manager	Ralph Lange
Area[1]
• Total	4.52 sq mi (11.71 km2)
• Land	4.33 sq mi (11.21 km2)
• Water	0.19 sq mi (0.49 km2)
Elevation	719 ft (219 m)
Population (2010)[2]
• Total	19,435
• Estimate (2012[3])	19,621
• Density	4,488.5/sq mi (1,733.0/km2)
•  Density	4,489.0/sq mi (1,733.2/km2)
Time zone	Eastern Standard Time (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4)
ZIP Code	48197, 48198
Area code(s)	734
FIPS code	26-89140[4]
GNIS feature ID	1616910[5]
Website	http://cityofypsilanti.com/

Ypsilanti (/ˌɪpsɨˈlænti/,^[6] often mispronounced /ˌjɪpsɨˈlænti/),^[7] commonly shortened to Ypsi, is a city in Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan, perhaps best known as the home of Eastern Michigan University. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 19,435. The city is bounded to the north by the Charter Township of Superior and on the west, south, and east by the Charter Township of Ypsilanti. Ypsilanti is located six miles (10 km) east of Ann Arbor.

The geographic grid center of Ypsilanti is the intersection of the Huron River and Michigan Avenue, the latter of which connects downtown Detroit, Michigan with Chicago, Illinois, and through Ypsilanti is partially concurrent with U.S. Route 12 Business and M-17.

On July 23, 2007 Governor Jennifer Granholm announced that Ypsilanti, along with the cities of Caro and Clio, was chosen by the Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) to take part in the Blueprints for Michigan's Downtowns program. The award provides for an economic development consultant to assist Ypsilanti in developing a growth and job creation strategy for the downtown area.^[8]

History

Originally a trading post established in 1809 by Gabriel Godfroy, a French-Canadian fur trader from Montreal, a permanent settlement was established on the east side of the Huron River in 1823 by Major Thomas Woodruff. It was incorporated into the Territory of Michigan as the village Woodruff's Grove. A separate community a short distance away on the west side of the river was established in 1825 under the name "Ypsilanti", after Demetrius Ypsilanti, a hero in the Greek War of Independence.^[9] Woodruff's Grove changed its name to Ypsilanti in 1829, the year its namesake effectively won the Greek war, and the two communities eventually merged.

A bust of Demetrius Ypsilanti stands between a Greek and a US flag at the base of the landmark Ypsilanti Water Tower.

• 1809 – Trading post established by French-Canadian Gabriel Godfroy from Montreal
• 1823 – Village of Woodruff's Grove platted
• 1825 – April 21, Plat recorded under the name Ypsilanti
• 1827 – Ypsilanti Township organized
• 1832 – June 19, Woodruff's Grove re-organized and incorporated as the Village of Ypsilanti
• 1849 – Eastern Michigan University founded as Michigan State Normal School
• 1858 – February 4, the Village of Ypsilanti reincorporated as a city
• 1890 – Michigan's first interurban, the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti Street Railway, begins service
• 1890 – The Ypsilanti Water Tower is completed
• 1929 – Miller Moters Hudson opens, it eventually becomes the last Hudson dealership in the world^[10]
• 1931 – McKenny Union, the first student union on the campus of a teachers' college when it opened.^[11]
• 1959 – Eastern Michigan becomes a university
• 1960 – Tom Monaghan founds Domino's Pizza as DomiNick's Pizza at 507 W. Cross St, Ypsilanti.
• 1967 – Ypsilanti resident John Norman Collins is suspected of being the perpetrator of the Michigan murders, a series of murders of coeds at the University of Michigan and Eastern Michigan University. He was convicted in 1969, but of only one of the murders.
• 1990 – Eastern Michigan University achieves its highest student enrollment of 26,000
• 1998 – The Michigan Firehouse Museum is established preserving a firehouse built in 1898.

Automotive history

Ypsilanti has played an important role in the automobile industry. From 1920 to 1922, Apex Motors produced the "ACE" car. It was in Ypsilanti that Preston Tucker (whose family owned the Ypsilanti Machine Tool Company) designed and built the prototypes for his Tucker '48. Tucker's story was related in the film Tucker: The Man and His Dream, directed by Francis Ford Coppola.

In 1945, Henry J. Kaiser and Joseph W. Frazer bought the nearby Willow Run B-24 Liberator bomber plant from Ford Motor Company, and started to make Kaiser and Frazer model cars in 1947. The last Kaiser car made in Ypsilanti rolled off the assembly line in 1953, when the company merged with Willys-Overland and moved production to Toledo, Ohio. General Motors purchased the Kaiser Frazer plant, and converted it into its Hydramatic Division (now called its Powertrain division), beginning production in November 1953. The GM Powertrain Division ceased production at this facility in 2010.

Ypsilanti is also the location of the last Hudson automobile dealership. Today, the former dealership is the site of the Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum. The museum is the home to an original Fabulous Hudson Hornet race car, which inspired the character "Doc Hudson" in the recent animated film Cars developed by Pixar.

Political history

In the early 1970s, along with neighboring city of Ann Arbor, the citizens reduced the penalty for the use and sale of marijuana to $5^[12] (the Ypsilanti Marijuana Initiative; see also the Human Rights Party). When Ypsilanti prosecuted a man possessing 100 pounds of cannabis under state law, the defense argued he should have been charged under Ypsilanti's ordinance. The trial judge declared the ordinance's requirement that Ypsilanti prosecute only under city law unenforceable. An appeal court upheld the trial judge's ruling. Later, Ypsilanti City Council, using its power of codification, deleted the ordinance.^{[citation needed]}

In 1979, Faz Husain was elected to the Ypsilanti city council, the first Muslim and the first native of India to win elected office in Michigan.

In the 1990s Ypsilanti became the first city in Michigan to pass a living wage ordinance.

In the late 1990s, the city adopted an ordinance to ban discrimination in housing, employment and public accommodation on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity/transgender status, body weight (i.e., being obese or underweight). Two ballot measures to repeal the ordinance were led and bankrolled by conservatives, including Tom Monaghan. Both measures failed, the second by a larger percentage than the first.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.52 square miles (11.71 km²), of which, 4.33 square miles (11.21 km²) is land and 0.19 square miles (0.49 km²) is water.^[1] The Huron River flows through both the City of Ypsilanti and the Charter Township of Ypsilanti.

Ypsilanti is located at 42°14′N 83°37′W / 42.24°N 83.62°W / 42.24; -83.62, in the western reaches of the Detroit/Windsor metropolitan area. Suburban development between Ypsilanti and Ann Arbor, via Washtenaw Avenue and Packard Road, has been unbroken since the late 1960s. Downtown Ypsilanti and the surrounding neighborhoods are the site of many historical homes, including kit homes by companies like Aladdin and Sears.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1900	7,378		—
1910	6,230		−15.6%
1920	7,413		19.0%
1930	10,143		36.8%
1940	12,121		19.5%
1950	18,302		51.0%
1960	20,957		14.5%
1970	29,538		40.9%
1980	24,031		−18.6%
1990	24,818		3.3%
2000	22,362		−9.9%
2010	19,435		−13.1%
Sources: United States Census[13] (1900–2000) U.S. Census Bureau[14] (2009)

2010 census

As of the census^[2] of 2010, there were 19,435 people, 8,026 households, and 2,880 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,488.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,733.0 /km²). There were 9,271 housing units at an average density of 2,141.1 per square mile (826.7 /km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.5% White, 29.2% African American, 0.6% Native American, 3.4% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population.

There were 8,026 households of which 18.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 19.7% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 64.1% were non-families. 42.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.92.

The median age in the city was 25 years. 14.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 35.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.3% were from 25 to 44; 16.6% were from 45 to 64; and 8.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census^[4] of 2000, there were 22,362 people, 8,551 households, and 3,377 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,081.5 per square mile (1,962.3/km²). There were 9,215 housing units at an average density of 2,094.0 per square mile (808.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.40% White, 30.58% African American, 0.44% Native American, 3.18% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 1.32% from other races, and 3.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.47% of the population. 13.6% were of German, 6.8% Irish, 6.4% English and 5.5% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000.

There were 8,551 households out of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.0% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 60.5% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.96.

In the city the population was spread out with 15.9% under the age of 18, 38.2% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 12.4% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,610, and the median income for a family was $40,793. Males had a median income of $30,328 versus $26,745 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,692. About 16.9% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education

K–12 education

Ypsilanti Community Schools serve residents of the city, as well as parts of Ypsilanti Township. Ypsilanti Public Schools and Willow Run Community Schools merged to form a new, united district on July 1, 2013.

Higher education

A college town, Ypsilanti is home to Eastern Michigan University, founded in 1849 as Michigan State Normal School. Today, Eastern Michigan University has 18,000+ undergraduate and more than 4800 graduate students.^[15] As well, Ypsilanti is home to a Washtenaw Community College (WCC) sponsored off-site extension center.

Linguist List

Ypsilanti is also the home to the main editing site of the Linguist List, a major online resource for the field of linguistics. It is mostly staffed by graduate students who attend Eastern Michigan University and runs several database websites and mailing lists.^[16]

Culture

It has been said that Ypsilanti is the Brooklyn to Ann Arbor's Manhattan.^[17] Comparable to the gentrification causing many artists, poets, musicians, and hipsters to flee the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City to areas like Bushwick, nearby Ann Arbor has experienced massive increases in land value and taxes over the last several decades. Despite Ann Arbor's reputation in the region as a bohemian cultural center, many creative people have been driven out of the city to Ypsilanti due to these changes. A vibrant, underground arts scene has begun to emerge as a result.^[18] This community gathers semiannually at the juried Shadow Art Fair held at The Corner Brewery.^[19]

Since 1979, the city has become known for summer festivals in the part of the city called "Depot Town", which is adjacent to both Riverside and Frog Island Parks along the banks of the Huron River. Festivals include the annual Ypsilanti Heritage Festival, the Elvis Festival, the Orphan Car Festival, the Michigan Brewers Guild Summer Beer Festival, the former Frog Island Festival, and a Latino festival.

Overlooking Riverside Park is the non-profit Riverside Arts Center. Established in 1994 through the efforts of the Ypsilanti Downtown Development Authority and several public spirited citizens, the Riverside boasts a 115 seat black box theater, a sizable art gallery and some meeting rooms and offices. In 2006 the adjacent DTE building was renovated with "Cool Cities Initiative" money and is in the process of being incorporated into the center's activities.

Domino's Pizza was founded in Ypsilanti in 1960 near the campus of Eastern Michigan University.

1963 Clara Owens establishes the Ypsilanti Greek Theater in Ypsilanti, Michigan for the performance of Greek theater productions.

In 1966 The Ypsilanti Greek Theater Opens at the EMU Baseball field. Bert Lahr and Dame Judith Anderson star in two productions, The Oresteia, a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus and The Birds by playwright Aristophanes.

Milton Rokeach's 1964 psychiatric case study, The Three Christs of Ypsilanti, inspired a stage play and two operas. Poet W. H. Auden described it as "a very funny book ... about a hospital in which there are three gents, all of whom believe themselves to be the Lord. Which is common enough, except in the case of one—who had actually found a disciple!"^[20]

Painter Fay Kleinman moved to Ypsilanti in the late 1980s with her husband, pianist Emanuel Levenson.

Author Kurt Vonnegut has a chapter titled "A Sappy Girl From Ypsilanti" in his 2005 book A Man Without a Country.

Author/comic Steve Martin mentions Ypsilanti in his short story "A Public Apology" from his book Pure Drivel.

Comic strip and film animation pioneer Winsor McCay received his only formal art training in Ypsilanti at Michigan State Normal College, now Eastern Michigan University. He is best remembered for the comic strip Little Nemo In Slumberland and the early animated film Gertie the Dinosaur.

Depot Town in Ypsilanti is also home to the Michigan ElvisFest every summer.

In music

• The Ypsilanti City Council declared Lee Osler's "Back To Ypsilanti" the city's official song in 1983.

• Iggy Pop grew up in the Coachville trailer park on Carpenter Road in Pittsfield Township (Ypsilanti) during his teenage years at the start of his music career.

• Ypsilanti is the subject of Sufjan Stevens' song, "For The Widows In Paradise, For The Fatherless In Ypsilanti", on his 2003 album Michigan.

• A portrait of jazz guitarist Randy Napoleon, painted by his grandmother, Fay Kleinman, is part of the permanent art collection of the Ypsilanti District Library. Napoleon performed his first public gig as leader at the age of twelve under a tent at the Ypsilanti Heritage Festival, an event sponsored by WEMU radio.

• The Deluxtone Rockets originated in Ypsilanti.

• Noise musicians Wolf Eyes hail from Ypsilanti.

• Joe Henry performed "Ypsilanti", an instrumental track included on the Loudon Wainwright III album, "Strange Weirdos: Music From and Inspired by the Film Knocked Up" (2007). It is purported that Joe Henry formerly lived in Ypsilanti.

• Daniel May's 'Girl From Ypsilanti', from the Fight Club soundtrack.

• The president of the Motown Alumni Association Billy J. Wilson was raised throughout the city and township. Wilson also played bass guitar for stars such as Martha Reeves and the Vandellas, The Contours, Marv Johnson, Valerie Barrymore and the Foundation of Funk, and other superstar artists of the Motown era, along with a group titled Bigfoot. The Ypsilanti based group also had a drummer Stevie Bray that went on to produce mega star Madonna.

• Musician Elvis Costello references Ypsilanti in his song "Sulphur to Sugarcane" from his 2009 album Secret, Profane & Sugarcane. The lyric goes as follows: "The women in Poughkeepsie take their clothes off when they´re tipsy / But I hear in Ypsilanti they don´t wear any panties"

• Musician, author, performance artist, and puppeteer Patrick Elkins hails from Ypsilanti.

• Noted harpsichord maker John Challis originated in Ypsilanti.

• Singer-songwriter John Hammink performed in various acts and solo around Ypsilanti in the early 1990s.

In TV

• An episode of the TV series Supernatural called "A Very Supernatural Christmas" partially takes place in Ypsilanti.

• An episode of the TV series God, The Devil and Bob called "Lonely At The Top", God poses as a human named Arthur who transferred from Ypsilanti.

• A TV commercial created by Google called "Dave Strenski: New Energy for Detroit", it features Dave Strenski the founder of Solar Ypsi talking about the impact of solar projects on Ypsilanti.

• The Emmanuel Lutheran Church of Ypsilanti hosted filming for two days of the Movie Stone, starring Robert De Niro. The funeral service and a few outside scenes were filmed at the Church, with locals posing as extras.^[21]

Sites of interest

Ypsilanti has the second largest contiguous historic district in the state of Michigan,^[22] behind only the much larger city of Grand Rapids. The historic district includes both downtown Ypsilanti, along Michigan Avenue, and the Depot Town area adjacent to Frog Island Park and Riverside Park, which features many specialty shops, bars and grills, and a farmers' market.

The Ypsilanti Water Tower, adjacent to the campus of Eastern Michigan University, holds the unique distinction of being the winner of the Most Phallic Building contest.

Other sites of interest include:

• Ypsilanti District Library
• Ypsilanti Historical Museum (housed in a Victorian mansion built in 1860)
• Automotive Heritage Museum
• Michigan Firehouse Museum
• Ypsilanti Water Tower (built in 1890)
• Ypsilanti Food Co-op
• Highland Cemetery
• Pease Auditorium (on the campus of Eastern Michigan University)
• Starkweather Hall, built in 1896 as a student religious center (currently housing EMU Honors College)
• The Tridge

Local media

Ypsilanti is served by daily newspapers from Detroit. Ypsilanti once had its own daily newspaper, the Ypsilanti Press, but that paper closed in the 1990s. Upon closing, the Press sold its masthead, archives and subscriber list to the Ann Arbor News, which then began publishing an Ypsilanti edition. The Ann Arbor News ceased publication on July 23, 2009; it was replaced by a new Internet-based news operation, AnnArbor.com, which also produces print editions on Thursdays and Sundays. A weekly newspaper, the Ypsilanti Courier, is published every Thursday by Heritage Media from their Saline, MI offices.

Local radio stations include:

• WEMU FM (89.1 FM), a public radio station, which broadcasts jazz and blues music and NPR news from Eastern Michigan University
• WQBR (610 AM carrier-current and University Cable Channel 10), EMU's student-run radio station
• WDEO (990 AM), a Catholic religious radio station targeting the Detroit area
• WSDS (1480 AM), licensed to nearby Salem and a former longtime country-music station, now broadcasts Spanish-language popular music as "La Explosiva" and has studios in Ypsilanti.
• WAAM (1600 AM), a conservative Talk and News station serving Washtenaw County. Broadcasting local talk, sports and music shows. Owned by First Broadcasting.

Transportation

Highways

• I-94 bypasses the city to the south.
• US 12 travels east to Detroit and west toward Chicago; it runs concurrently with I-94 from exit 181 to the west of the city to exit 185 to the east of the city.
• US 23 passes just west of the city.
• 
  BUS US 12 is a loop route through downtown Ypsilanti.
• M-17 connects Ypsilanti with nearby Ann Arbor.

Airports

• Willow Run Airport, located near Ypsilanti, serves a variety of freight and general aviation air traffic. Major international freight carriers Kalitta Air and National Airlines are based there, however there are no scheduled commercial flights. Willow Run was once one of the Detroit area's major commercial airports, hosting international flights to Europe, but all commercial traffic had switched to nearby Detroit Metro Airport by 1967.

Railroads

• Amtrak's twice daily Wolverine service from Chicago to Pontiac passes through Ypsilanti, but does not stop. Amtrak's last passenger train stopped in Ypsilanti in 1984. Amtrak and area leaders have said they are considering reinstating a stop at Ypsilanti, however.^[23]

Non-motorized transportation

• The Border-to-Border Trail winds through Ypsilanti, linking the city to Ann Arbor and (eventually) Dexter.

Nicknames

Ypsilanti is often shortened to "Ypsi," particularly in spoken conversation and local/regional usage.

Because a large number of residents or their ancestors migrated from Appalachia, certain neighborhoods (particularly on the far east side of the city and into Ypsilanti Township) are sometimes called "Ypsitucky." Harriette Arnow's book The Dollmaker, which was made into a film starring Jane Fonda, focused on the lives of these "Ypsituckians."

Recently, the use of the term "Ypsitucky" has come under increased scrutiny due to its historically derogatory connotation. In 2008, the issue was raised after a dinner being held in Ann Arbor to honor Harriette Arnow was described as an "Ypsitucky Supper" in some of the event organizer's media releases.^[24][25] In 2009, planning began for the "Ypsitucky Jamboree," a new music festival celebrating bluegrass music to be held in Ypsilanti in September 2009; this resulted in objections from some area residents and some members of the City Council, leading to renaming the event as simply "The Jamboree."^[26][27][28]

Sister cities

• Nafplion, Greece

See also

• People from Ypsilanti, Michigan

References

• Beakes, Samuel Willard (1906). Past and present of Washtenaw County, Michigan. Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Co. (1906)
• History of Washtenaw County, Michigan. Chicago: Chas. C. Chapman & Co. (1881).

Notes

External links

Library resources about Ypsilanti, Michigan

Resources in your library Resources in other libraries

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ypsilanti, Michigan.

• City of Ypsilanti
• Emmanuel Lutheran Church, Ypsilanti
• Ypsilanti Convention and Visitors Bureau
• Ypsilanti Historical Society
• Ypsilanti Area Chamber of Commerce
• Ypsilanti Downtown Development Authority
• Downtown Association of Ypsilanti
• downtownypsi.org
• Virtual Tour of Ypsilanti
• Ypsilanti on ArborWiki

v t e Municipalities and communities of Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States County seat: Ann Arbor Cities Ann Arbor Chelsea Milan‡ Saline Ypsilanti Villages Barton Hills Dexter Manchester Charter townships Ann Arbor Augusta Pittsfield Superior York Ypsilanti General law townships Bridgewater Dexter Freedom Lima Lodi Lyndon Manchester Northfield Salem Saline Scio Sharon Sylvan Webster CDPs Whitmore Lake‡ Unincorporated communities Delhi Mills Dixboro Frains Lake Whittaker Willis Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties

v t e  State of Michigan Lansing (capital) Topics Index Congressional delegation Fauna Geography Government Highways History Islands Law Lighthouses Museums National Historic Landmarks National Register of Historic Places listings People State Historic Sites State parks Tallest buildings Timeline Topics Visitor attractions Society Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics Regions Upper Peninsula Copper Country Gogebic Range Keweenaw Peninsula Lower Peninsula Central Michigan Flint/Tri-Cities Metro Detroit Michiana Northern Michigan Southeast Michigan Southern Michigan The Thumb West Michigan Largest Municipalities Alpena Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Bloomfield Township Canton Township Chesterfield Township Clinton Township Commerce Township Dearborn Dearborn Heights Detroit East Lansing Eastpointe Farmington Hills Flint Flint Township Georgetown Township Grand Rapids Holland Jackson Kalamazoo Kentwood Lansing Lincoln Park Livonia Macomb Township Meridian Township Midland Muskegon Novi Pontiac Portage Redford Rochester Hills Roseville Royal Oak Saginaw Saginaw Township St. Clair Shores Shelby Township Southfield Sterling Heights Taylor Troy Warren Waterford Township West Bloomfield Westland Wyoming Ypsilanti Township Counties Alcona Alger Allegan Alpena Antrim Arenac Baraga Barry Bay Benzie Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Charlevoix Cheboygan Chippewa Clare Clinton Crawford Delta Dickinson Eaton Emmet Genesee Gladwin Gogebic Grand Traverse Gratiot Hillsdale Houghton Huron Ingham Ionia Iosco Iron Isabella Jackson Kalamazoo Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw Lake Lapeer Leelanau Lenawee Livingston Luce Mackinac Macomb Manistee Marquette Mason Mecosta Menominee Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Montmorency Muskegon Newaygo Oakland Oceana Ogemaw Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda Otsego Ottawa Presque Isle Roscommon Saginaw Sanilac Schoolcraft Shiawassee St. Clair St. Joseph Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw Wayne Wexford