Yantai

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Yantai
烟台
Chih-fou, Chefoo
Prefecture-level city
烟台市
View of Yuhuangding seaside area
Location of Yantai City jurisdiciont in Shandong
Yantai
Location in China
Coordinates: 37°32′6″N 121°23′21″E / 37.53500°N 121.38917°E / 37.53500; 121.38917Coordinates: 37°32′6″N 121°23′21″E / 37.53500°N 121.38917°E / 37.53500; 121.38917
Country People's Republic of China
Province Shandong
County-level divisions 12
Townships-level divisions 148
Municipal seat Laishan District
Government
 • CPC Secretary Sun Yongchun 孙永春
 • Mayor Zhang Jiangting 张江汀
Area
 • Total 13,739.9 km2 (5,305.0 sq mi)
 • Coastline 702.5 km2 (271.2 sq mi)
Population (2008)
 • Total 6,516,900
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code 264000-265800
Area code(s) 535
GDP ¥343.4 billion (2008)
GDP per capita ¥49,012 (2008)
License Plate 鲁F & 鲁Y
Website http://www.yantai.gov.cn/
Yantai
Simplified Chinese 烟台
Traditional Chinese 煙臺 or 煙台
Literal meaning smoke platform

Yantai (Chinese: 烟台; pinyin: Yāntái) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Located on the southern coast of the Bohai Sea and the eastern coast of the Laizhou Bay, Yantai borders the cities of Qingdao and Weihai to the southwest and east respectively.

The largest fishing seaport in Shandong and a robust economic center today, Yantai used to be known to the West as Chefoo, a misnomer which refers, in Chinese, solely to Zhifu Island, which is historically governed by Yantai.

The contemporary name of Yantai came from the watchtowers constructed on Mount Qi in 1398, during the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty (yan—smoke; tai—tower). The towers served to raise alarms against invasions of Japanese pirates.

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities, 1 county and one development zone.

These are further divided into 148 township-level divisions, including 94 towns, 6 townships and 48 subdistricts.

History

The region was inhabited by the non-Han people of the Eastern Yi (東夷), who were believed to have established a small state during the Xia Dynasty on the site of present-day Laizhou City. It became a feudal state called Lai (萊國) until the Warring States period, when it was annexed by the State of Qi. During the Qin Dynasty, Yantai belonged to the Qi Prefecture, later renamed Donglai Prefecture (東萊郡) during the Han Dynasty. The area was known as the Donglai Kingdom during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) but later returned to prefecture status (first jùn, then zhōu). In the Tang Dynasty and following it was known as the Teng-chou prefecture, part of Henan Circuit. Next, the city became the Laizhou Subprefecture (萊州府) and, eventually, the Dengzhou Subprefecture (登州府) in the time of the Qing Dynasty.

A Qing Dynasty postage stamp from Yantai, then known as Chefoo

In July 1858 the Chinese empire signed the Treaty of Tianjin and Dengzhou was renamed for the last time. Yantai opened its harbor for business in May 1861, but was not officially designated an international trading port until later that year on August 22. This decree was accompanied by the construction of the Donghai Pass (東海關). 17 nations, including Britain, established embassies in Yantai.[1] The Chefoo Convention was signed there in 1876.

Yantai literally means "smoky tower". In the Ming Dynasty, locals used wolf dung to light fires (Langyan) to warn the whole village of approaching Japanese Pirates (Wokou). The city was nothing but a small fishing village until the late 19th century when it became a treaty port for the British, handed over by the falling Qing Dynasty, which had been defeated in the Opium War.[2] Then with the Germans' power over the whole Shandong peninsula in early 20th century, Yantai was also controlled by Germans for about 20 years.[3] After the Germans were defeated by Allied forces in World War I, Qingdao and Yantai were handed over to the Japanese who turned it into a summer station for their entire Asian fleet. They also set up a trading establishment in the town.[4] The different foreign influences that shaped this city are explored at the Yantai Museum, which used to be a guild hall. However, the colourful history has not left a distinctive architectural mark, there has never been a foreign concession, and though you will see an occasional nineteenth-century grand European building, most of the town is of much more recent origin.[5] After liberation, the town's name was changed from the original, Chefoo, to Yantai and was opened to the world as an ice-free trade port in 1984.[6]

On November 12, 1911, the eastern division of Tongmeng Hui declared itself a part of the revolutionary movement. The next day, it established the Shandong Military Government (山東軍政府) and, the day after that, renamed itself the Yantai Division of the Shandong Military Government (山東煙台軍政分府). In 1914, Jiaodong Circuit (膠東道) was established with Yantai as the capital. Jiaodong Circuit was renamed Donghai Circuit (東海道) in 1925. On January 19, 1938, Yantai participated as part of an anti-Japanese revolutionary committee.

After the creation of the People's Republic of China, in 1950, Yantai was officially awarded city status with the outer lying towns of Laiyang and Wendeng tacked on as "Special Regions" (专区). Wendeng was merged into Laiyang six years later, and this larger Laiyang Special Region was combined with Yantai City to become simply Yantai Region (烟台地区). Yantai is of strategic importance to Chinese defence as it and Dalian, directly across the Bohai Sea from it, are primary coastal guard points for Beijing. In November 1983, the region became a prefecture-level city. Since then, Yantai has worked its way into becoming a modernized economic centre of the province.[7]

Geography

Moon Bay in Yantai

Yantai Region is located north-central on the Shandong Peninsula, south of the Bohai Sea, and parallel to the southern tip of Korea. It has a coast line of 909 km (565 mi). The topographical breakdown consists of:

  • 36.62% mountain
  • 39.7% hill
  • 50.23% plains
  • 2.90% basins

Average mountain height is 500 meters, with the highest point at 922.8 meters on Mount Kunyu (昆崳山). Hills range from 100 to 300 meters.

There are 121 rivers over 5 kilometer in length, the largest being:

  • Wulong River (五龙河)
  • Dagu River (大沽河)
  • Dagujia River (大沽夹河)
  • Wang River (王河)
  • Jie River (界河)
  • Huangshui River (黄水河)
  • Xin'an River (辛安河)

2,643.60 km2 (1,020.70 sq mi) is urbanized.

Only Qixia City is located entirely inland, all other county-level entities are coastal, with Changdao consisting entirely of islands.

Climate

Climate data for Yantai (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.2
(29.8)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 4.8
(40.6)		 12.0
(53.6)		 17.8
(64)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.8
(76.6)		 24.8
(76.6)		 21.1
(70)		 15.7
(60.3)		 8.4
(47.1)		 1.8
(35.2)		 12.64
(54.74)
Precipitation mm (inches) 11.5
(0.453)		 9.7
(0.382)		 16.5
(0.65)		 35.7
(1.406)		 49.9
(1.965)		 70.0
(2.756)		 150.0
(5.906)		 161.6
(6.362)		 83.7
(3.295)		 39.0
(1.535)		 25.1
(0.988)		 19.8
(0.78)		 672.5
(26.478)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 6.4 5.0 4.7 6.2 6.2 8.5 11.7 10.3 7.1 6.2 6.2 7.5 86.0
Source: Weather China[8]

Economy

Yantai is currently the second largest industrial city in Shandong, next only to Qingdao. However, the region's largest industry is agriculture. It is famous throughout China for a particular variety of apple and is home to the country's largest and oldest grape winery (Changyu).

The county-level city of Longkou is well known throughout China for its production of cellophane noodles.

Industrial Zones

  • Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area

Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area is one of the earliest approved state level economic development zones in China. It now has planned area of 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi) and a population of 115,000. It lies on the tip of the Shandong Peninsula facing the Yellow Sea. It adjoins to downtown Yantai, merely 6 kilometers away from Yantai Port, 6 kilometers away from Yantai Railway Station, and a 30-minute drive to Yantai International Airport.[9]

  • Yantai Export Processing Zone

Yantai Export Processing Zone (YTEPZ) is one of the first 15 export processing zones approved by the State Council. The total construction area of YTEPZ is 4.17 km2 (1.61 sq mi), in which the initial zone covers 3 km2 (1.2 sq mi). After developing for several years, YTEPZ is completely constructed. At present, the infrastructure has been completed, standard workshops of 120,000 m2 (1,300,000 sq ft) and bonded warehouses of 40,000 m2 (430,000 sq ft) have been built up. Up to now, owning perfect investment environment and conditions, YTEPZ has attracted investors both from foreign countries and regions such as Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Sweden, USA, Canada, etc. and from the domestic to invest and operate in the zone.[10]

Education

The following are a list of prominent Yantai higher education institutions.

Transport

The Yantai Laishan International Airport provides scheduled flights to major airports in China as well as Seoul, Osaka and Hong Kong. The other airport, that will replace Laishan in 2014, is Yantai Chaoshui.[11]

Tourism

Yantai Ship Mast
Temple of the Sea Goddess

Because of its fair weather and extensive coasts Yantai is a popular summer retreat. Like many other cities in China, Yantai has improved and upgraded many tourist sites targeted at both national and international tourists. An example of these improvements is the remodeling of the beach area to better accommodate patrons. [citation needed] There is also the haunted house, a highly exhilarating tourist attraction.

Penglai City's Dan Cliffs (丹崖) is said to be the departure point of the Eight Immortals on their trip to the Conference of the Magical Peach.

Twin towns — Sister cities

Yantai is twinned with:

Yantai is a sister city of the following area.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "烟台概览：烟台名称源于烟台山". 19 June 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  2. ↑ Wang, Fujing (July 24, 2006). ""烟台" 的由来". Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  3. ↑ Zhou, Yingjie (July 24, 2006). "开放，三次保全了近代烟台（下）". Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  4. ↑ Jin, Long (July 24, 2006). "东炮台现日军侵占烟台罪证 大理石上留印记(图)". Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  5. ↑ Wang, Xin (July 24, 2006). "郭显德：把西方文化传播到烟台". Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  6. ↑ Liu, Xinguo (July 24, 2006). "中国首批沿海开放城市之一—烟台(图)". Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  7. ↑ "优越的地理环境及人文历史造成就旅游圣地烟台". July 24, 2006. Retrieved 19 November 2012. 
  8. ↑
  9. ↑ RightSite.asia | Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area
  10. ↑ RightSite.asia | Yantai Export Processing Zone
  11. ↑ Yantai Chaoshui International Airport project

External links

Municipalities and National central cities
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