Xenon tetroxide
| Xenon tetroxide | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
| IUPAC name Xenon tetraoxide | |
| Other names Xenon tetroxide | |
| Structure | |
| Molecular shape | Tetrahedral[1] |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | XeO4 |
| Molar mass | 195.29 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | Yellow solid below −36°C |
| Density | ? g cm−3, solid |
| Melting point | −35.9 °C |
| Boiling point | 0 °C[2] |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
+153.5 kcal mol−1 [3] |
| Standard molar entropy S |
? J.K−1.mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Explosive (E) |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | Perxenic acid Xenon trioxide |
 (verify) (what is:  /?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Xenon tetroxide is a chemical compound of xenon and oxygen with molecular formula XeO4, remarkable for being a relatively stable compound of a noble gas. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is stable below −35.9 °C; above that temperature it is very prone to explode, decomposing into elemental xenon and oxygen (O2).[4][5]
All eight valence electrons of xenon are involved in the bonds with the oxygen, and the oxidation state of the xenon atom is +8. Oxygen is the only element that can bring xenon up to its highest oxidation state; even fluorine can only give XeF6 (+6). Two other short-lived xenon compounds with an oxidation state of +8, XeO3F2 and XeO2F4, are accessible by the reaction of xenon tetroxide with xenon hexafluoride. XeO3F2 and XeO2F4 can be detected with mass spectrometry. The perxenates are also compounds where xenon has the +8 oxidation state.
Reactions
At temperatures above −35.9 °C, xenon tetroxide is very prone to explosion, decomposing into xenon gas and oxygen with ΔH = −643 kJ/mol:
- XeO4 → Xe + 2 O2
Xenon tetroxide dissolves in water to form perxenic acid and in alkalis to form perxenate salts:
- XeO4 + 2 H2O → H4XeO6
- XeO4 + 4 NaOH → Na4XeO6 + 2 H2O
Xenon tetroxide can also react with xenon hexafluoride to give xenon oxyfluorides:
- XeO4 + XeF6 → XeOF4 + XeO3F2
- XeO4 + XeF6 → XeO2F4 + XeO2F2
Synthesis
All syntheses start from the perxenates, which are accessible from the xenates through two methods. One is the disproportionation of xenates to perxenates and xenon:
- 2 HXeO4– + 2 OH– → XeO64– + Xe + O2 + 2 H2O
The other is oxidation of the xenates with ozone in basic solution:
- HXeO4– + O3 + 3 OH– → XeO64– + O2 + 2 H2O
Barium perxenate is reacted with sulfuric acid and the unstable perxenic acid is dehydrated to give xenon tetroxide:[6]
- Ba
2XeO
6 + 2 H
2SO
4 → 2 BaSO
4 + H
4XeO
6 - H
4XeO
6 → 2 H
2O + XeO
4
Any excess perxenic acid slowly undergoes a decomposition reaction to xenic acid and oxygen:
- 2 H
4XeO
6 → O
2 + 2 H
2XeO
4 + 2 H
2O
References
- ↑ G. Gundersen, K. Hedberg, J. L.Huston (1970). "Molecular Structure of Xenon Tetroxide, XeO4". J. Chem. Phys. 52 (2): 812–815. doi:10.1063/1.1673060.
- ↑ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 494. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2
- ↑ Gunn, S. R. (May 1965). "The Heat of Formation of Xenon Tetroxide". Journal of the American Chemical Society 87 (10): 2290–2291. doi:10.1021/ja01088a038.
- ↑ H.Selig , J. G. Malm , H. H. Claassen , C. L. Chernick , J. L. Huston (1964). "Xenon tetroxide -Preparation + Some Properties". Science 143 (3612): 1322–3. doi:10.1126/science.143.3612.1322. JSTOR 1713238. PMID 17799234.
- ↑ J. L. Huston, M. H. Studier, E.N. Sloth (1964). "Xenon tetroxide - Mass Spectrum". Science 143 (3611): 1162–3. doi:10.1126/science.143.3611.1161-a. JSTOR 1712675. PMID 17833897.
- ↑ A. Earnshaw; Norman Greenwood (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 901. ISBN 9780080501093.
- Lide, D. R., ed. (2002). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (83rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0483-0.
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