The Championships, Wimbledon

The Championships, Wimbledon
Official website
Founded	1877
Location	Wimbledon, London United Kingdom
Venue	The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
Surface	Grass / Outdoor [lower-alpha 1]
Prize money	£22,600,000 ($34,500,000) (€26,500,000) (2013)[2]
Men's
Draw	128S (128Q) / 64D (16Q)[lower-alpha 2]
Current champions	Andy Murray (singles) Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan (doubles)
Most singles titles	William Renshaw (7) Pete Sampras (7) Roger Federer (7)
Most doubles titles	Todd Woodbridge (9)
Women's
Draw	128S (96Q) / 64D (16Q)
Current champions	Marion Bartoli (singles) Hsieh Su-Wei / Peng Shuai (doubles)
Most singles titles	Martina Navratilova (9)
Most doubles titles	Elizabeth Ryan (12)
Mixed Doubles
Draw	48
Current champions	Daniel Nestor / Kristina Mladenovic
Most titles (male)	Ken Fletcher (4) Vic Seixas (4) Owen Davidson (4)
Most titles (female)	Elizabeth Ryan (7)
Grand Slam
Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
Last Completed
2013 Wimbledon

The Championships, Wimbledon, The Wimbledon Championships or simply Wimbledon is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and widely considered the most prestigious.^{[3][4][5][6][7]} It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877. It is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments (Majors), the others being the Australian Open, the French Open (Roland Garros) and the US Open. Since the Australian Open shifted to hard court in 1988, Wimbledon is the only Major still played on grass, the game's original surface, which gave the game its original name of "lawn tennis".

The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Final, scheduled for the second Saturday and Sunday respectively. Each year five major, junior, and invitational events are held.

The hard court (Plexicushion) Australian Open and clay court French Open precede Wimbledon in the year, and the hard court (DecoTurf) US Open follows. For men, the grass court Queen's Club Championships, also in London, and the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany, serve as warm-up events; for women, the Aegon Classic in Birmingham and two joint events, the Topshelf Open in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands and the Eastbourne International.

Wimbledon traditions include a strict dress code for competitors, the eating of strawberries and cream by the spectators, and Royal patronage. The tournament is also notable for the absence of sponsor advertising around the courts. In 2009, Wimbledon's Centre Court was fitted with a retractable roof to lessen the loss of playing time due to rain.

History

Beginning

The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club is a private club founded in 1868, originally as 'The All England Croquet Club'. Its first ground was off Worple Road, Wimbledon.^[8]

In 1876, lawn tennis, a game devised by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield a year or so earlier and originally called 'Sphairistike' was added to the activities of the club. In spring 1877, the club was renamed 'The All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club' and signalled its change of name by instituting the first Lawn Tennis Championship. A new code of laws, replacing the code administered by the Marylebone Cricket Club, was drawn up for the event. Today's rules are similar except for details such as the height of the net and posts and the distance of the service line from the net.

The inaugural 1877 Wimbledon Championship opened on 9 July 1877. The Gentlemen's Singles was the only event held and was won by Spencer Gore, an old Harrovian rackets player, from a field of 22. About 200 spectators paid one shilling each to watch the final.^[9]

The lawns at the ground were arranged so that the principal court was in the middle with the others arranged around it, hence the title 'Centre Court'.^{[lower-alpha 3]} The name was retained when the Club moved in 1922 to the present site in Church Road, although no longer a true description of its location. However, in 1980 four new courts were brought into commission on the north side of the ground, which meant the Centre Court was once more correctly defined. The opening of the new No. 1 Court in 1997 emphasised the description.

By 1882, activity at the club was almost exclusively confined to lawn tennis and that year the word 'croquet' was dropped from the title. However, for sentimental reasons, it was restored in 1899.

In 1884, the club added Ladies' Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles. Ladies' Doubles and Mixed Doubles were added in 1913. Until 1922, the reigning champion had to play only in the final, against whomever had won through to challenge him/her. As with the other three Major Grand Slam events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players until the advent of the open era in tennis in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937.

21st century

Wimbledon is considered the world's premier tennis tournament and the priority of the Club is to maintain its leadership. To that end a long-term plan was unveiled in 1993, intended to improve the quality of the event for spectators, players, officials and neighbours.^[10]

Stage one (1994–1997) of the plan was completed for the 1997 championships and involved building the new No. 1 Court in Aorangi Park, a broadcast centre, two extra grass courts and a tunnel under the hill linking Church Road and Somerset Road.

Stage two (1997–2009) involved the removal of the old No. 1 Court complex to make way for the new Millennium Building, providing extensive facilities for players, press, officials and members, and the extension of the West Stand of the Centre Court with 728 extra seats.

Stage three (2000–2011) has been completed with the construction of an entrance building, club staff housing, museum, bank and ticket office.^[11]

A new retractable roof was built in time for the 2009 championships, marking the first time that rain did not stop play for a lengthy time on Centre Court. The Club tested the new roof at an event called A Centre Court Celebration on Sunday, 17 May 2009, which featured exhibition matches involving Andre Agassi, Steffi Graf, Kim Clijsters and Tim Henman. The first Championship match to take place under the roof was the completion of the fourth round women's singles match between Dinara Safina and Amélie Mauresmo. The first match to be played in its entirety under the new roof took place between Andy Murray and Stanislas Wawrinka on 29 June 2009, which Murray won. Murray was also involved in the latest completed match at Wimbledon, which ended at 11:02 pm in a victory over Marcos Baghdatis at Centre Court in the third round of the 2012 Championships. The 2012 Men's Singles Final on 8 July 2012, between Roger Federer and Murray, was the first final to be played under the roof, which was activated during the third set.^[12]

A new 4000-seat No. 2 Court was built on the site of the old No. 13 Court in time for the 2009 Championships.^[13] A new 2000-seat No. 3 Court was built on the site of the old No. 2 and No. 3 Courts.^[14]

Events

Wimbledon consists of five main events, five junior events and five invitation events.^[15]

Main events

The five main events, and the number of players (or teams, in the case of doubles) are:

• Gentlemen's Singles (128)
• Ladies' Singles (128)
• Gentlemen's Doubles (64)
• Ladies' Doubles (64)
• Mixed Doubles (48)

Junior events

The five junior events and the number of players or teams are:

• Boys' Singles (64)
• Girls' Singles (64)
• Boys' Doubles (32)
• Girls' Doubles (32)
• Disabled Doubles (12)

No mixed doubles event is held at this level.

Invitation events

The five invitational events and the number of pairs are:

• Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)^[16]
• Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)^[17]
• Ladies' Invitation Doubles (8 pairs Round Robin)
• Gentlemen's Wheelchair Doubles (4 pairs)^[18]
• Ladies' Wheelchair Doubles (4 pairs)^[18]

Match formats

Matches in the Gentlemen's Singles and Gentlemen's Doubles are best-of-five sets; all other events are best-of-three sets. A tiebreak game is played if the score reaches 6–6 in any set except the fifth (in a five-set match) or the third (in a three-set match), in which case a two-game lead must be reached.

All events are single-elimination tournaments,^[19] except for the Gentlemen's, Senior Gentlemen's and the Ladies' Invitation Doubles, which are round-robin tournaments.

Until 1922, the winners of the previous year's competition (except in the Ladies' Doubles and Mixed Doubles) were automatically granted byes into the final round (then known as the challenge round). This led to many winners retaining their titles in successive years, as they were able to rest while their opponent competed from the start of the competition. From 1922, the prior year's champions were required to play all the rounds, like other tournament competitors.

Schedule

Each year (currently until 2015), the tournament begins on the Monday falling between 20 and 26 June, two weeks after the Queen's Club Championships, which is one of the men's major warm-up tournaments. Another important men's warm-up tournament is the Gerry Weber Open, which is held in Halle, Germany, during the same week as the Queen's Club Championships. Other important grass-court tournaments before Wimbledon are Eastbourne, England, and 's-Hertogenbosch in the Netherlands, both combining mixed events. The other women's warm-up tournament for Wimbledon is Birmingham, also in England. After the Championships each year there is a tournament at Newport, Rhode Island, USA.

Wimbledon is scheduled for 14 days, beginning on a Monday and ending on a Sunday. The five main events span both weeks, but the youth and invitational events are held mainly during the second week. Traditionally, there is no play on the "Middle Sunday", which is considered a rest day. However, rain has forced play on the Middle Sunday three times, in 1991, 1997 and 2004. On each of these occasions, Wimbledon staged a "People's Sunday", with unreserved seating and readily available, inexpensive tickets, allowing those with more limited means to sit on the show courts. If the tournament is not completed by the end of the second Sunday, all remaining matches are postponed until "People's Monday".

From 2015, the championships will begin one week later than in previous years, extending the gap between the tournament and the French Open from two to three weeks.^[20]

Players and seeding

Players and doubles pairs are admitted to the main events on the basis of their international rankings, with consideration also given to their previous performances at grass court events. Since the 2001 tournament 32 players have been given seedings in the Gentlemen's and Ladies' singles, 16 teams in the doubles events.

The Committee of Management and the Referee evaluate all applications for entry, and determine which players may be admitted to the tournament directly. The committee may admit a player without a high enough ranking as a wild card. Usually, wild cards are players who have performed well during previous tournaments, or would stimulate public interest in Wimbledon by participating. The only wild card to win the Gentlemen's Singles Championship was Goran Ivanišević in 2001. Players and pairs who neither have high enough rankings nor receive wild cards may participate in a qualifying tournament held one week before Wimbledon at the Bank of England Sports Ground in Roehampton. The singles qualifying competitions are three-round events; the same-sex doubles competitions last for only one round. There is no qualifying tournament for Mixed Doubles. The furthest that any qualifier has progressed in a Singles tournament is the semi-final round: John McEnroe in 1977 (Gentlemen's Singles), Vladimir Voltchkov in 2000 (Gentlemen's Singles), and Alexandra Stevenson in 1999 (Ladies' Singles).

Players are admitted to the junior tournaments upon the recommendations of their national tennis associations, on their International Tennis Federation world rankings and, in the case of the singles events, on the basis of a qualifying competition. The Committee of Management determines which players may enter the four invitational events.

The Committee seeds the top players and pairs on the basis of their rankings, but it can change the seedings based on a player's previous grass court performance. Since 2002 a seeding committee has not been required for the Gentlemen's Singles following an agreement with the ATP. The seeding order is determined using the formula: ATP Entry System Position points + 100% points earned for all grass court tournaments in the past 12 months + 75% points earned for the best grass court tournament in the 12 months before that. A majority of the entrants are unseeded. Only two unseeded players have won the Gentlemen's Singles: Boris Becker in 1985 and Goran Ivanišević in 2001. In 1985 there were only 16 seeds and Becker was ranked 20th; Ivanišević was ranked 125th when he won as a Wild Card entrant, although he had previously been a finalist three times, and been ranked no. 2 in the world; his low ranking was due to having been hampered by a persistent shoulder injury for three years, which had only just cleared up. In 1996, the title was won by Richard Krajicek, who was originally unseeded (ranked 17th, and only 16 players were seeded) but was promoted to a seeded position (still with the number 17) when Thomas Muster withdrew before the tournament. No unseeded player has captured the Ladies' Singles title; the lowest seeded female champion was Venus Williams, who won in 2007 as the 23rd seed; Williams was returning from an injury that had prevented her playing in previous tournaments, giving her a lower ranking than she would normally have had. Unseeded pairs have won the doubles titles on numerous occasions; the 2005 Gentlemen's Doubles champions were not only unseeded, but also (for the first time ever) qualifiers.

Grounds

Since 2001 the courts used for Wimbledon have been sown with 100% perennial ryegrass. Prior to 2001 a combination of 70% ryegrass and 30% Creeping Red Fescue was used. The change was made to improve durability and strengthen the sward to better withstand the increasing wear of the modern game.^[21]

The main show courts, Centre Court and No. 1 Court, are normally used for only two weeks a year, during the Championships, but play can extend into a third week in exceptional circumstances. The remaining 17 courts are regularly used for other events hosted by the Club. The show courts were in action for the second time in three months in 2012 as Wimbledon hosted the tennis events of the 2012 Olympic Games. One of the show courts is also used for home ties of the GB teams in the Davis Cup on occasions.

Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam event played on grass courts. At one time, all the Majors, except the French Open, were played on grass. The US Open abandoned grass in 1975 and the Australian Open in 1988.

The principal court, Centre Court, was opened in 1922 when the Club moved from Worple Road to Church Road. The Church Road venue was larger and was needed to meet the ever-growing public demand.

Due to the possibility of rain during Wimbledon, a retractable roof was installed prior to the 2009 Championship. It is designed to close/open in about 20 minutes and will be closed primarily to protect play from inclement (and, if necessary, extremely hot) weather during The Championships.^[22] When the roof is being opened or closed, play is suspended. The first time the roof was closed during a Wimbledon Championship match was on Monday 29 June 2009, involving Amélie Mauresmo and Dinara Safina.

The court has a capacity of 15,000. At its south end is the Royal Box, from which members of the Royal Family and other dignitaries watch matches. Centre Court usually hosts the finals and semifinals of the main events, as well as many matches in the earlier rounds involving top-seeded players or local favourites.

The second most important court is No. 1 Court. The court was constructed in 1997 to replace the old No.1 Court, which was adjacent to Centre Court. The old No.1 Court was demolished because its capacity for spectators was too low. The court was said to have had a unique, more intimate atmosphere and was a favourite of many players. The new No.1 Court has a capacity of approximately 11,000.

From 2009, a new No. 2 Court is being used at Wimbledon with a capacity for 4,000 people. To obtain planning permission, the playing surface is around 3.5m below ground level, ensuring that the single-storey structure is only about 3.5m above ground level, and thus not affecting local views.^[23] Plans to build on the current site of Court 13 were dismissed due to the high capacity of games played at the 2012 Olympic Games. The old No.2 Court has been renamed as No.3 Court. The old No.2 Court was known as the "Graveyard of Champions" because many highly seeded players were eliminated there during early rounds over the years, including Ilie Năstase, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Martina Hingis, Venus Williams, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova.^[24] The court has a capacity of 2,192 + 770 standing. In 2011 a new No.3 Court and a new Court 4 have been unveiled on the sites of the old No.2 and 3 courts.^[25]

At the northern end of the grounds is a giant television screen on which important matches are broadcast. Fans watch from an area of grass officially known as the Aorangi Terrace. When British players do well at Wimbledon, the hill attracts fans for them, and is often renamed by the press for them: Greg Rusedski's followers convened at "Rusedski Ridge", and Tim Henman has had the hill nicknamed Henman Hill. As both of them have now retired and Andy Murray is the number 1 British player, the hill is occasionally referred to as "Murray Mound" or "Murrayfield", as a reference to his Scottish heritage and the Scottish ground of the same name, but this has largely failed to catch on – the area is still usually referred to as Henman Hill. None of these nicknames are official.

Grounds schedule

The grounds open at 10:30 am on each day. On the Centre Court, play starts at 1 pm, with exception of the final two days of the competition (Ladies' and Gentlemen's Finals), when play begins at 2 pm. On courts 2–19, play begins at noon for at least the first eight days of the competition. It then starts at 11 am for the Junior matches on the middle Saturday and during the second week.

Traditions

Ball boys and ball girls

In the championship games, ball boys and girls, known as BBGs, play a crucial role in the smooth running of the tournament, with a brief that a good BBG "should not be seen. They should blend into the background and get on with their jobs quietly."^[26]

From 1947 ball boys were supplied by Goldings,^[27] the only Barnardos school to provide them. Prior to this, from the 1920s onwards, the ball boys had been provided by The Shaftsbury Children's Home.

Since 1969, BBGs have been provided by local schools. As of 2008 they are drawn from schools in the London boroughs of Merton, Sutton, Kingston, and Wandsworth, as well as from Surrey.^[28] Traditionally, Wandsworth Boys Grammar School in Sutherland Grove, Southfields and Mayfield Girls School on West Hill in Wandsworth, both now defunct, were the schools of choice for selection of BBGs. This was possibly owing to their proximity to the club. BBGs have an average age of 15, being drawn from the school years nine and ten.^[29] BBGs will serve for one, or if re-selected, two tournaments.^[30]

Starting in 2005, BBGs work in teams of six, two at the net, four at the corners, and teams rotate one hour on court, one hour off, (two hours depending on the court) for the day's play.^[29] Teams are not told which court they will be working on the day, to ensure the same standards across all courts. With the expansion of the number of courts, and lengthening the tennis day, as of 2008, the number of BBGs required is around 250. BBG service is paid, with a total of £120-£160 being paid to each ball boy or girl after the 13-day period. Along with this it is seen as a privilege, and seen as a valuable addition to a school leaver's curriculum vitae, showing discipline. BBG places are split 50:50 between boys and girls, with girls having been used since 1977, appearing on centre court since 1985.^[31]

Prospective BBGs are first nominated by their school headteacher, to be considered for selection. To be selected, a candidate must pass written tests on the rules of tennis, and pass fitness, mobility and other suitability tests, against initial preliminary instruction material. Successful candidates then commence a training phase, starting in February, in which the final BBGs are chosen through continual assessment. As of 2008, this training intake was 600. The training includes weekly sessions of physical, procedural and theoretical instruction, to ensure that the BBGs are fast, alert, self-confident and adaptable to situations. As of 2011, early training occurs at the Wimbledon All England Lawn Tennis Club Covered Courts, to the side of the Grounds, and then moves to outside courts (8,9,10) the week before the Championships for a feel of the grass court.

Colours and uniforms

Dark green and purple are the traditional Wimbledon colours. However, all tennis players participating in the tournament are required to wear all-white or at least almost all-white clothing, a long-time tradition at Wimbledon.^[32] Wearing white clothing with some colour accents is also acceptable, provided the colour scheme is not that of an identifiable commercial brand logo (the outfitter's brand logo being the sole exception). Controversy followed Martina Navratilova's wearing branding for "Kim" cigarettes in 1982. Green clothing was worn by the chair umpire, linesmen, ball boys and ball girls until the 2005 Championships; however, beginning with the 2006 Championships, officials, ball boys and ball girls were dressed in new navy blue- and cream-coloured uniforms from American designer Ralph Lauren. This marked the first time in the history of the Championships that an outside company was used to design Wimbledon clothing; the contract with Polo Ralph Lauren is set to end in 2015.

Guidelines regarding prominently white clothing rule

^[33]

1. No solid mass of colouring
2. Little or no dark or bold colours
3. No fluorescent colours
4. Preference towards pastel colours
5. Preference for the back of the shirt to be totally white
6. Preference for shorts and skirts to be totally white
7. All other items of clothing, including hats, socks and shoe uppers to be predominantly white

Referring to players

Prior to 2009 female players were referred to by the title "Miss" or "Mrs" on scoreboards. As dictated by strict rule of etiquette, married female players are referred to by their husbands' names: for example, Chris Evert-Lloyd appeared on scoreboards as "Mrs. J. M. Lloyd" during her marriage to John Lloyd, since "Mrs. X" essentially designates the wife of X. This tradition has continued at least to some extent.^[34] For the first time during the 2009 tournament, players were referred to on scoreboards by both their first and last names.^[35] For example "Andy Murray", not "A. Murray".^[36]

The title "Mr" is not used for male players who are professionals on scoreboards but the prefix is retained for amateurs, although chair umpires refer to players as "Mr" when they use the replay challenge. The chair umpire will say "Mr <surname> is challenging the call..." and "Mr <surname> has X challenges remaining." However, the umpires still say Miss <surname> when announcing the score of the Ladies' matches.

If a match is being played with two competitors of the same surname (e.g. Venus and Serena Williams, Bob and Mike Bryan), the chair umpire will specify to whom they are referring by stating the player's first name and surname during announcements (e.g. "Game, Miss Serena Williams", "Advantage, Mike Bryan").

Royal Family

Previously, players bowed or curtsied to members of the Royal Family seated in the Royal Box upon entering or leaving Centre Court. In 2003, however, the President of the All England Club, His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, decided to discontinue the tradition. Now, players are required to bow or curtsy only if HRH The Prince of Wales, or Her Majesty The Queen is present,^[37] as was in practice during the 2010 Championships when the Queen was in attendance at Wimbledon on 24 June.^[38] On 27 June 2012, Roger Federer said in his post-match interview that he and his opponent had been asked to bow towards the Royal Box as Prince Charles and his wife were present, saying that that was no problem for him.^[39]

Radio Wimbledon

Friday before the start of the tournament. Radio Wimbledon can be heard within a five-mile radius on 87.7 FM, and also online. It operates under a Restricted Service Licence and is arguably the most sophisticated RSL annually in the UK. The main presenters are Sam Lloyd and Ali Barton. Typically they work alternate four-hour shifts until the end of the last match of the day. Reporters and commentators include Gigi Salmon, Nick Lestor, Rupert Bell, Nigel Bidmead, Guy Swindells, Lucie Ahl, Nadine Towell and Helen Whitaker. Often they report from the "Crow's Nest", an elevated building housing the Court 3 and 4 scoreboards which affords views of most of the outside courts. Regular guests include Sue Mappin. In recent years Radio Wimbledon acquired a second low-power FM frequency (within the grounds only) of 96.3 FM for uninterrupted Centre Court commentary, and, from 2006, a third for coverage from No. 1 Court on 97.8 FM. Hourly news bulletins and travel (using RDS) are also broadcast.

Television coverage

For over 70 years, the BBC has broadcast the tournament on television in the UK, starting in 1937. The matches covered are split between its two main terrestrial channels, BBC One and BBC Two. The BBC holds the broadcast rights for Wimbledon until 2017^[40] and it distributes its commercial-free feed to outlets worldwide. During the days of British Satellite Broadcasting, its sports channel carried extra coverage of Wimbledon for subscribers. One of the most notable British commentators was Dan Maskell, who was known as the BBC's "voice of tennis" until his retirement in 1991. John Barrett succeeded him in that role until he retired in 2006. Current commentators working for the BBC at Wimbledon include British ex-players Andrew Castle, John Lloyd, Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, Samantha Smith and Mark Petchey; tennis legends such as John McEnroe, Tracy Austin, Boris Becker and Lindsay Davenport; and general sports commentators including David Mercer, Barry Davies, Andrew Cotter and Nick Mullins. The coverage is presented by Sue Barker and highlights with John Inverdale. Previous BBC presenters include Des Lynam, David Vine and Harry Carpenter.

The Wimbledon Finals are obliged to be shown live and in full on terrestrial television (BBC Television Service, ITV, Channel 4, or Channel 5) by government mandate. Highlights of the rest of the tournament must be provided by terrestrial stations; live coverage (excepting the finals) may be sought by satellite or cable TV.^[41]

For decades, Americans made a tradition of NBC's "Breakfast at Wimbledon" specials at weekends. Live coverage started early in the morning (the US being a minimum of 5 hours behind the UK) and continued well into the afternoon, interspersed with commentary and interviews from Bud Collins, whose tennis acumen and (in)famous patterned trousers are well-known to tennis fans in the USA. Collins was sacked by NBC in 2007, but was promptly hired by ESPN, the cable home for The Championships in the States. For many years NBC's primary Wimbledon host was veteran broadcaster Dick Enberg. From 1975 to 1999, premium channel HBO carried weekday coverage of Wimbledon. Hosts included Jim Lampley, Billie Jean King, Martina Navratilova, John Lloyd and Barry MacKay among others.^[42] Previously, weekday coverage in the United States was exclusively handled by ESPN2 during the tournament's first week. During the tournament's second week it was split between ESPN2 and NBC. ESPN's online service ESPN3 provides full coverage of courts not televised using BBC graphics and commentary. Effective the 2012 tournament, all live coverage, including the Finals, will be exclusively on ESPN and ESPN2, marking the second major tennis championship (after the Australian Open) available in the United States exclusively on pay television (although taped highlights from the tournament will be presented at weekend afternoons on sister network ABC).^[43] Taped coverage using the BBC world feed is aired in primetime and overnights on Tennis Channel and is branded Wimbledon Primetime.

Wimbledon was also involved, unintentionally, in a piece of television history, on 1 July 1967. That was when the first official colour television broadcast took place in the UK. Four hours live coverage of Wimbledon was shown on BBC Two (then the only colour channel in the UK), and although footage of that historic match no longer survives, the Gentlemen's Final that year is still held in the BBC archives because it was the first Gentlemen's Final transmitted in colour.

Since 2007, Wimbledon matches have been transmitted in high-definition, originally on the BBC's free-to-air channel BBC HD, with continual live coverage during the tournament of Centre Court and Court No. 1 as well as an evening highlights show Today at Wimbledon. Since the closure of BBC HD, coverage is now shown on BBC One HD and BBC Two HD.

In Ireland RTÉ broadcast the tournament during the 1980s and 1990s on their second channel RTÉ Two, they also provided highlights of the games in the evening. The commentary provided was given by Matt Doyle a former Irish-American professional tennis player and Jim Sherwin a former RTE newsreader. Caroline Murphy was the presenter of the programme. RTÉ made the decision in 1998 to discontinue broadcasting the tournament due to falling viewing figures and the large number of viewers watching on the BBC.^[44] Since 2005 TG4 Ireland's Irish-language broadcaster has provided coverage of the tournament. Live coverage is provided in the Irish language while they broadcast highlights in English at night.^[45]

The BBC's opening theme music for Wimbledon was composed by Keith Mansfield and is titled "Light and Tuneful". A piece titled "A Sporting Occasion" is the traditional closing theme, though nowadays coverage typically ends either with a montage set to a popular song or with no music at all. Mansfield also composed the piece "World Champion", used by NBC during intervals (change-overs, set breaks, etc.) and at the close of broadcasts throughout the tournament.

In Australia, the free-to-air Nine Network covered Wimbledon for almost 40 years but decided to drop their broadcast following the 2010 tournament, citing declining ratings and desire to use money saved to bid on other sports coverage. In April 2011, it was announced that the Seven Network, the host broadcaster of the Australian Open, along with its sister channel 7Two would broadcast the event from 2011.

In Canada, coverage of Wimbledon has in recent years been divided between TSN on weekdays and CBC Sports on weekends. CBC's weekend coverage of the morning matches predates NBC's "Breakfast at Wimbledon" by several years.

In Mexico, the Televisa family of networks has aired Wimbledon since the early 1960s. Presently, most weekend matches are broadcast through Canal 5 with the weekday matches broadcast on the Televisa Deportes Network. As Mexico is six hours behind the U.K., some Canal 5 affiliates air the weekend matches as the first program of the day after sign-on. Although Mexico had begun broadcasting in colour in 1962, Wimbledon continued to air in black and white in Mexico until colour came to England in 1967.

Television coverage complaints

The BBC was forced to apologise after many viewers complained about "over-talking" by its commentary team during the TV coverage of the event in 2011. It said in a statement that views on commentary were subjective but that they "do appreciate that over-talking can irritate our audience". The BBC added that it hoped it had achieved "the right balance" across its coverage and was "of course sorry if on occasion you have not been satisfied". Praveen Devakota and John McEnroe were among the ex-players commentating.^[46]

Tickets

The majority of centre and show court tickets sold to the general public have since 1924 been made available by a public ballot that the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (usually known as the All England Club or the AELTC) holds at the start of the year.^[47]

The ballot has always been substantially oversubscribed. Successful applicants are selected at random by a computer.^[48] The most recent figures from 2011 suggested there were 4 applicants to every 1 ballot ticket, so a large number of applications are not successful. Applications must be posted to AELTC by mid December, the year prior to the tournament. Many applicants apply immediately after the end of each year's tournament. Seats and days are allocated randomly so you are unable to choose the specific court or day that you would like. Also Ballot tickets are not transferrable, if you are unable to use your ballot tickets you should return them to Wimbledon where they can be re-allocated or sold to the waiting queue on the day.

The All England Club, through its subsidiary The All England Lawn Tennis Ground plc, issues Debentures to tennis fans every five years to raise funds for capital expenditure. Fans who invest thus in the club receive a pair of tickets for every day of the Wimbledon Championships for the five years the investment lasts.^[49] Only debenture holders are permitted to sell on their tickets to third parties, although for many years ticket touts have made a habit of purchasing tickets allocated to non-debenture holders in the draw and selling them for a profit. Wimbledon is very strict on this practice and has been known to eject customers who have purchased ballot tickets not in their name. Demand for debentures has increased in recent years, to such an extent that they are even traded on the London Stock Exchange. There were 2,500 Centre Court Debenture seats sold for the 5 year period from 2011–2015 at a price of £27,750 per seat, due to the high demand for Wimbledon tickets there is even a waiting list to purchase these rather expensive Centre Court Debentures.

Wimbledon and the French Open are the only Grand Slam tournaments where fans without tickets for play can queue up and still get seats on the three show courts on the day of the match.^[50] Sequentially numbered queue cards were introduced in 2003. From 2008, there is a single queue, allotted about 500 seats for each court. When they join the queue, fans are handed queue cards. Anyone who then wishes to leave the queue temporarily, even if in possession of a queue card, must agree their position with the others nearby in the queue and/or a steward.

To get into the show courts, fans will normally have to queue overnight at Wimbledon.^[51] This is done by fans from all over the world and, although considered vagrancy, is part of the Wimbledon experience in itself. The All-England Club allows overnight queuing and provides toilet and water facilities for campers. Those planning to queue overnight are advised to bring a tent and sleeping bag. Should a camper be successful in obtaining a ticket, the Club also provides unattended baggage storage where items not allowed into the grounds (including camping equipment such as tents) can be left while matches are in progress.

Times to queue up vary according to the weather, but anyone queuing up before 9 pm on a weekday should be able to get a show court ticket. Early in the morning when the line moves towards the Grounds, stewards walk along the line and hand out wristbands that are colour-coded to the specific court. The wrist band (and payment) is exchanged at the ticket office for the ticket when the grounds open. Queuing for the show courts ends after the quarter finals have been completed.

At 2.40pm on Day Seven (Monday 28 June) of the 2010 Championships, the one-millionth numbered Wimbledon queue card was handed out to Rose Stanley from South Africa.^[52]

General admission to the grounds gives access to the outer courts and is possible without queuing overnight. Tickets returned by people leaving early go on sale at 2:30 pm. The money goes to charity.

Trophies and prize money

The Gentlemen's Singles champion receives a silver gilt cup 18.5 inches (about 47 cm) in height and 7.5 inches (about 19 cm) in diameter. The trophy has been awarded since 1887 and bears the inscription: "All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Championship of the World." The Ladies' Singles champion receives a sterling silver salver commonly known as the "Venus Rosewater Dish", or simply the "Rosewater Dish". The salver, which is 18.75 inches (about 48 cm) in diameter, is decorated with figures from mythology. The winners of the Gentlemen's Doubles, Ladies' Doubles, and Mixed Doubles events receive silver cups.^[53] The runner-up in each event receives an inscribed silver plate. The trophies are usually presented by the President of the All England Club, HRH The Duke of Kent.

Prize money was first awarded in 1968, the first year that professional players were allowed to compete in the Championships.^[54]

Before 2007, among grand slam tournaments, Wimbledon and the French Open awarded more prize money in men's events than in women's events. In 2007, Wimbledon changed this policy, giving the same money for both events.^[55] The decision has been controversial as women spend approximately half as much time on court as men during the tournament because of their playing only three sets, therefore earning considerably more per hour than their male counterparts.^[56][57][58]

In 2009, a total of £12,500,000 in prize money was awarded with the singles champions receiving £850,000 each, an increase of 13.3 percent on 2008.^[59]

For the 2010 Championships, the total prize money increased to £13,725,000, and the singles champions received £1,000,000 each.

For the 2011 Wimbledon Championships it was announced that the total prize money would be £14,600,000, an increase of 6.4% from 2010. Both male and female singles champions prize money also increased to £1,100,000, a rise of 10% since the previous year.^[60]

On 24 April 2012, it was announced that the total prize money offered at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships would be £16,060,000, an increase of 10.0% from 2011. The bulk of the increases were given to players losing in earlier rounds.^[61] This move was in response to the growing angst among lower-ranked players concerning the inadequacy of their pay. Sergiy Stakhovsky, a member of the ATP Player Council and who was at the time ranked 68th, was among the most vocal in the push for higher pay for players who bow out in the earlier rounds. In an interview Stakhovsky intimated that it is not uncommon for lower-ranked players to be in the negative, for certain tour events, if their results weren't stellar.^[62] This issue gained the attention of the men's "big four"—Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer, and Andy Murray—as well as the Championships.

On 23 April 2013, The All England Club announced the largest prize money for a tennis tournament so far. The total prize money has been increased by about 40% from 2012 to £22,560,000. The losers in the earlier singles rounds of the tournament saw a highest 62% increase in their pay while the total prize money of the doubles increased by 22%. The prize money for participants of the qualifying matches saw an increase of 41%. Sergiy Stakhovsky, a member of the ATP Player Council, was the loudest voice for this increase.^[63][64]

2013 Wimbledon Championship prize money (singles)^[65]

Result	Prize money	Increase from 2012
Winner	£1,600,000	39%
Finalist	£800,000	39%
Semi-finalists	£400,000	39%
Quarter-finalists	£205,000	41%
Fourth round losers	£105,000	40%
Third round losers	£63,000	62%
Second round losers	£38,000	64%
First round losers	£23,500	62%

Ranking points

Ranking points for the ATP and WTA have varied at Wimbledon through the years but at present singles players receive the following points:

	ATP	WTA
First round	10	5
Second round	45	100
Third round	90	160
Fourth round	180	280
Quarter-finalist	360	500
Semi-finalist	720	900
Runner-up	1200	1400
Champion	2000	2000

Champions

• Gentlemen's Singles^[66]
• Ladies' Singles^[67]
• Gentlemen's Doubles
• Ladies' Doubles
• Mixed Doubles
• Singles Finals

Current champions

• 

  Andy Murray was the winner of the Men's Singles in 2013. It was his second Major Singles title and his first at Wimbledon.

• 

  Marion Bartoli was the winner of the Ladies' Singles in 2013. It was her first Major Singles title and her first at Wimbledon.

• 

  Bob Bryan was part of the winning Men's Doubles team in 2013. It was his fifteenth Major Men's Doubles title and his third at Wimbledon.

• 

  Mike Bryan was part of the winning Men's Doubles team in 2013. It was his fifteenth Major Men's Doubles title and his third at Wimbledon.

• 

  Hsieh Su-wei was part of the winning Women's Doubles team in 2013. It was her first Major Women's Doubles title and her first at Wimbledon.

• 

  Peng Shuai was part of the winning Women's Doubles team in 2013. It was her first Major Women's Doubles title and her first at Wimbledon.

• 

  Daniel Nestor was part of the winning Mixed Doubles team in 2013. It was his third Major Mixed Doubles title and his first at Wimbledon.

• 

  Kristina Mladenovic was part of the winning Mixed Doubles team in 2013. It was her first Major Mixed Doubles title and her first at Wimbledon.

Event	Champion	Runner-up	Score
2013 Men's Singles	Andy Murray	Novak Djokovic	6-4, 7–5, 6–4
2013 Women's Singles	Marion Bartoli	Sabine Lisicki	6–1, 6-4
2013 Men's Doubles	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	Ivan Dodig Marcelo Melo	3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
2013 Women's Doubles	Hsieh Su-wei Peng Shuai	Ashleigh Barty Casey Dellacqua	7–6(7–1), 6–1
2013 Mixed Doubles	Daniel Nestor Kristina Mladenovic	Bruno Soares Lisa Raymond	5–7, 6–2, 8–6

Records

Record	Era	Player(s)	Count	Winning years
Gentlemen since 1877
Winner of most Gentlemen's Singles titles	Before 1968:	William Renshaw	7	1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889
	After 1967:	Pete Sampras Roger Federer	7	1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
Winner of most consecutive Gentlemen's Singles titles	Before 1968:	William Renshaw[68]	6	1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886
	After 1967:	Björn Borg Roger Federer	5	1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
Winner of most Gentlemen's Doubles titles	Before 1968:	Reggie Doherty Laurie Doherty	8	1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1903, 1904, 1905
	After 1967:	Todd Woodbridge	9	1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 (with Mark Woodforde), 2002, 2003, 2004 (with Jonas Björkman)
Winner of most consecutive Gentlemen's Doubles titles	Before 1968:	Reggie Doherty Laurie Doherty	5	1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901
	After 1967:	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	5	1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
Winner of most Mixed Doubles titles – Gentlemen	Before 1968:	Ken Fletcher Vic Seixas	4	1963, 1965, 1966, 1968 (with Margaret Court) 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956 (3 with Doris Hart, 1 with Shirley Fry Irvin)
	After 1967:	Owen Davidson	4	1967, 1971, 1973, 1974 (with Billie Jean King)
Winner of most Championships (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – Gentlemen	Before 1968:	William Renshaw	14	1880–1889 (7 singles, 7 doubles)
	After 1967:	Todd Woodbridge	10	1993–2004 (9 doubles, 1 mixed)
Ladies since 1884
Winner of most Ladies' Singles titles	Before 1968:	Helen Wills	8	1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1938
	After 1967:	Martina Navratilova	9	1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1990
Winner of most consecutive Ladies' Singles titles	Before 1968:	Suzanne Lenglen	5	1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
	After 1967:	Martina Navratilova	6	1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987
Winner of most Ladies' Doubles titles	Before 1968:	Elizabeth Ryan	12	1914 (with Agatha Morton), 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1925 (with Suzanne Lenglen), 1926 (with Mary Browne), 1927, 1930 (with Helen Wills), 1933, 1934 (with Simone Mathieu)
		Billie Jean King	10	1961, 1962 (with Karen Hantze Susman), 1965 (with Maria Bueno), 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973 (with Rosie Casals), 1972 (with Betty Stöve), 1979 (with Martina Navratilova)
	After 1967:	Martina Navratilova	7	1976 (with Chris Evert), 1979 (with Billie Jean King), 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986 (with Pam Shriver)
Winner of most consecutive Ladies' Doubles titles	Before 1968:	Suzanne Lenglen Elizabeth Ryan	5	1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923
	After 1967:	Martina Navratilova Pam Shriver / Natasha Zvereva	4	1981, 1982, 1983, 1984 1991 (with Larisa Neiland), 1992, 1993, 1994 (Gigi Fernández)
Winner of most Mixed Doubles titles – ladies	Before 1968:	Elizabeth Ryan	7	1919, 1921, 1923 (with Randolph Lycett), 1927 (with Frank Hunter), 1928 (with Patrick Spence), 1930 (with Jack Crawford), 1932 (with Enrique Maier)
	After 1967:	Martina Navratilova	4	1985 (with Paul McNamee), 1993 (with Mark Woodforde), 1995 (with Jonathan Stark), 2003 (with Leander Paes)
Winner of most Championships (total: singles, doubles, mixed) – ladies	Before 1968:	Billie Jean King	20	1961–79 (6 singles, 10 doubles, 4 mixed)
		Elizabeth Ryan	19	1914–34 (12 doubles, 7 mixed)
	After 1967:	Martina Navratilova	20	1976–2003 (9 singles, 7 doubles, 4 mixed)
Miscellaneous
Career match winning performance (men) singles		Björn Borg	92.72% (51-4)	1973-1981 (open era)
Career match winning performance (women) singles		Steffi Graf	90.36% (75-8)	1984-1999 (open era)
Won title without losing a set (men) singles		Björn Borg	21-0	1976 (open era)
Most games won in a final		Andy Roddick	39	2009
Most matches played (men)		Jean Borotra	223	1922–39, 1948–64
Most matches played (women)		Martina Navratilova	326
Loser of most singles finals (men or women)		Blanche Bingley Hillyard Chris Evert	7	1885, 1887, 1888, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1901 1973, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985
Lowest-ranked winner (men or women)		Goran Ivanišević	125th	2001
Wildcard winner (men or women)		Goran Ivanišević		2001
Lowest-ranked winner (women)		Venus Williams	31st (23rd seed)	2007
Youngest winner (men)		Boris Becker	17	1985
Youngest winner (Ladies' Singles)		Lottie Dod	15	1887
Youngest winner (Ladies' Doubles)		Martina Hingis	15	1996
Longest men's final by time		Roger Federer vs Rafael Nadal	4hrs 48mins	2008
Longest men's match by time		John Isner vs Nicolas Mahut	11hrs 5mins	2010
Longest men's final by games		Roger Federer vs Andy Roddick	77 games	2009
Longest men's match by games		John Isner vs Nicolas Mahut	183 games	2010
Longest women's final by time		Lindsay Davenport vs Venus Williams	2hrs 45mins	2005
Longest women's match by time		Chanda Rubin vs Patricia Hy-Boulais	3hrs 45mins[69]	1995
Set won without losing a point (golden set)		Yaroslava Shvedova (3rd round vs S Errani, 1st set)	15 mins	2012

Singles champions never World No. 1

• According to Wallis Myers of The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Mail^[70] and the computer rankings of the Women's Tennis Association, only seven women have won the Wimbledon singles title since 1921, but never reached the World No. 1 ranking. In 2011, Petra Kvitová won the tournament and later reached a career high of world no. 2. Since Wimbledon's "Open Era" (1968), nine of the 18 winners haven't reached WTA world no. 1. These are, in chronological order: Kathleen McKane Godfree, Cilly Aussem, Karen Hantze Susman, Ann Haydon-Jones, Virginia Wade, Conchita Martínez, Jana Novotná, Petra Kvitová, and Marion Bartoli.
• The men fared differently. Although the men ranked world no. 1 have been dominant in Wimbledon (11 of the 20 winners), the Open Era features a mixed fortune of champions. Four champions reached a career high of world no. 2, Arthur Ashe, Michael Stich, Goran Ivanišević, and Andy Murray. Richard Krajicek, Pat Cash, and Jan Kodeš, who reached career highs of only no. 4, have also won the singles championship.

See also

• Historical British performances at Wimbledon
• List of British finalists at Grand Slam tennis tournaments
• List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions
• List of Wimbledon ladies' singles champions
• List of Wimbledon gentlemen's doubles champions
• List of Wimbledon ladies' doubles champions
• List of Wimbledon mixed doubles champions
• List of Wimbledon Open Era champions
• Wimbledon court surfaces
• Wimbledon Effect
• 2012 Summer Olympics venues

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wimbledon Championships.

• Official website
• Official blog
• Map of the Grounds
• Satellite image of the venue (Google Maps)
• BBC Five Live's coverage of Wimbledon
• Goldings' Wimbledon Ball Boys
• Wimbledon – All winners and runners-up (Reference book)

Preceded by French Open	Grand Slam Tournament June–July	Succeeded by US Open

Coordinates: 51°26′1.48″N 0°12′50.63″W / 51.4337444°N 0.2140639°W / 51.4337444; -0.2140639

v t e Wimbledon (Amateur Era) 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 WWI WWI WWI WWI 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 WWII WWII WWII WWII WWII WWII 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967

v t e Wimbledon (Open Era) 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

v t e Wimbledon drawsheets Gentlemen's singles 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ladies' singles 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

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v t e Grand Slam tournament champions   Australasian and Australian Championships / Australian Open All-time: Men's singles Women's singles Men's doubles Women's doubles Mixed doubles Open Era: Mens & Women's singles & doubles Men's & Women's Final appearances   French Championships / French Open All-time: Men's singles Women's singles Men's doubles Women's doubles Mixed doubles Open Era: Mens & Women's singles & doubles Men's & Women's Final appearances   The Championships, Wimbledon All-time: Gentlemen's singles Ladies' singles Gentlemen's doubles Ladies' doubles Mixed doubles Open Era: Gentlemen's & Ladies' singles & doubles Gentlemen's & Ladies' Final appearances   U.S. National Championships / US Open All-time: Men's singles Women's singles Men's doubles Women's doubles Mixed doubles Open Era: Mens & Women's singles & doubles Men's & Women's Final appearances All Grand Slam tournaments: Men's singles · Women's singles · Men's doubles · Women's doubles · Mixed doubles · Boys' singles · Girls' singles · Boys' doubles · Girls' doubles · Grand Slam overall records

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