Wiluna, Western Australia

Wiluna Western Australia
Main Street in Wiluna
Wiluna
Coordinates	26°35′42″S 120°13′30″E / 26.59500°S 120.22500°E / -26.59500; 120.22500Coordinates: 26°35′42″S 120°13′30″E / 26.59500°S 120.22500°E / -26.59500; 120.22500
Population	681 (2006)[1]
Established	1898
Postcode(s)	6646
Elevation	521 m (1,709 ft)
Location	947 km (588 mi) NE of Perth 182 km (113 mi) E of Meekatharra
LGA(s)	Shire of Wiluna
State electorate(s)	Kalgoorlie
Federal Division(s)	Durack
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 29.2 °C 85 °F 14.3 °C 58 °F 257.4 mm 10.1 in

Wiluna is a town in the Mid West region of Western Australia. It is situated on the edge of the Western Desert at the gateway to the Canning Stock Route and Gunbarrel Highway. It is the service centre of the local area for the local Aboriginal people, the pastoral industry, mining, and many more people work on mines in the area on a "fly-in/fly-out" basis. Wiluna's climate is hot and dry, with an annual rainfall of just 254 mm (10 in). Mean maximum temperatures range from 19°C (66°F) in July, to 38°C (100°F) in January.

Overview

Wiluna has a significant number of Indigenous (Aboriginal) people living within its community. The number of varies between 200 and 600 depending upon the nature, time and place of the traditional law ceremonies being carried out across the Central Desert region.

The traditional Aboriginal owners were "settled" as a consequence of the colonisation process that began in the 1800s. In the 1950s a church based group were supported by the government of the day to establish a mission. The traditional people lost their lands through many different processes, including the issuing of pastoral leases, the discovery of gold and the influx of non Aboriginal people onto their lands.

Before and after the atomic nuclear testing near Maralinga in the 1950s, many Aboriginal people from at least 3 different tribal and language groups were "forced" to live within the mission site. This created many conflicts and the legacy continues today. Much traditional knowledge and skill exists today amongst the Aboriginal residents and visitors.

The existence of a local pub has created much conflict with many people opposed to its presence arising from the conflict and trauma associated with alcohol abuse. The town also has a general store, petrol, caravan park, sports oval, school, health clinic, shelter and more.

Local water holes, much damaged and overused after years of cattle use, provide relief from the hot summer days.

The roads are unsealed and in the wet season the land may fill with large bodies of water. Large lakes may form that attract an array of wildlife. The region has snakes, kangaroos, bungarras (large lizard/goanna), bush turkeys, donkeys, horses, camels and dingoes.

The closest mine site to town is the Wiluna Gold Mine, approximately 3 km south of Wiluna. The mine was shut down by its new owner, Apex Minerals, in August 2007 for refurbishment and resource definition. The mine commenced milling again in November 2008 with plans to mill up to 1Mtpa (million tonnes per annum) and produce initially 150kozpa (thousand ounces per annum) increasing to 200kozpa.

Yeleeri mine site, located 100 km south has a load of uranium ore. Within 300 km the region boasts much mineral wealth.

The Wiluna area was explored by Lawrence Wells in 1892. Gold was discovered in the area in 1896, and within a few months there were over 300 prospectors in the area. The town of Wiluna was gazetted in 1898, the name Wiluna being the Indigenous Australian name for the area. By the 1930s, the town had a population of over 9,000 people, but World War II severely affected the gold mining industry, and many mines were shut down. By 1963 the population had fallen to less than 100. Gold mining resumed in the area in 1981.^[2]

Mining in the Wiluna-Leinster area.

In October 1960, two station workers named Fred Vincenti and Frank Quadrio were opening a fence gate on the Millbillillie-Jundee track 11 kilometres from Wiluna when they witnessed a bright fireball falling into spinifex (Triodia) grassland to the north of their location. The debris from this meteor became known as the Millbillillie meteorite and is understood to be actual pieces of the asteroid Vesta that had at some point been knocked off by a collision in the asteroid belt. Although no official specimens were recovered until 1970 it is understood that members of the local Aboriginal community had collected pieces.

Another Meteorite fall was recorded near Wiluna on September 2, 1967. This meteorite was a H5-class object, specimens were collected anwere housed in the Western Australian Museum.^[3]

Wiluna and the Mid-West region are the site of Western Australia's most advanced uranium mining projects. Three projects are in the approval process, the Lake Maitland uranium project, the Lake Way uranium project, and the Yeelirrie uranium project which BHP Billiton sold to Canadian uranium company Cameco. All three are located within 100 km of Wiluna. All three mines are opposed by environmental groups and some local people. Yeelirrie is most fiercely opposed with over 40 years of clear opposition from Traditional Owners.

Willuna is also home to VMW, a marine weather transmitter operated by the Bureau of Meteorology.^[4]

Origin of name

An early mining settlement of Lake Way Gold, named after the dry Lake Way south of Wiluna, established around 1896, was called Weeloona, derived from the aboriginal word meaning Place of wind or Windy place.^[5] However, the name is also sometimes claimed to come from the cry of the Curlew, which is frequent in the area.^[6]

Geography

Climate

Wiluna experiences a desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), though like most of inland Western Australia it has seen its rainfall increase by around 40 percent since 1967. The heaviest rainfall, however, was associated with the April 1900 floods when the town received 527.1 millimetres (20.75 in) or two-and-half-times its normal annual rainfall.

Railways

Wiluna was the furthest away from Perth that the narrow gauge Western Australian Government Railways system reached. The Wiluna branch was connected to the main Northern Railway at Meekatharra. The branch opened to Wiluna on 2 November 1932. The line was closed on 5 August 1957.^[8]

With the emergence of iron ore traffic, this railway may be rebuilt in whole or in part, possibly as standard gauge.

People from Wiluna

The Indigenous people who have always lived in this town and region come from different tribal groups. Accomplished hunters, crafts people, pastoralists, bush mechanics and people with many other skills exist today within the community.

The former Governor-General of Australia, Major General Michael Jeffery was born in Wiluna on 12 December 1937. A new primary school was constructed in Wiluna after Jeffery visited the town in 2006 and criticised the condition of the existing school.^[9][10]

Warri and Yatungka were a famous Aboriginal couple who died in Wiluna in 1979. They were the last of the Mandildjara people to leave their country and the hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Their Romeo and Juliet-like story was recorded in the best-selling book "The Last of the Nomads" by anthropologist Dr W J Peasley. This story is recounted as Dr Peasley, organising the expedition, although it was Mr Stan Gratte of Geraldton (OAM) who organised this party to recover them when urged by Warri's brother Moodjeren, who was concerned, due to old age and the lack of young people who would normally assist the elderly, they would not survive the extended drought which was now gripping Central Australia. Emaciated and likely close to death, the couple were brought to Wiluna where they were forgiven by their people for breaking the Mandildjara marriage laws decades before. They died in 1979 within four weeks of each other.

See also

• Martu (Indigenous Australian)
• Wiluna Airport

References

Further reading

• Garrick Moore: Mining Towns of Western Australia (ISBN 1-875449-34-5), published: 1996
• Phil R. Heydon: Wiluna: Edge of the Desert (ISBN 0-85905-216-8), published: 1996, publisher: Hesperian Press

External links

Media related to Wiluna, Western Australia at Wikimedia Commons

• Shire of Wiluna homepage
• Australia Resources and Information