Wilson Barrett

Wilson Barrett
Barrett
Born	William Henry Barrett (1846-02-18)18 February 1846 Essex, England
Died	22 September 1904(1904-09-22) (aged 58) London, England
Occupation	Actor-manager, actor, playwright
Spouse(s)	Caroline Heath (m. 1866)

Wilson Barrett (born William Henry Barrett; 18 February 1846 – 22 September 1904) was an English manager, actor, and playwright. With his company, Barrett is credited with attracting the largest crowds of English theatregoers ever because of his success with melodrama, an instance being his production of The Silver King (1882) at the Princess's Theatre of London. The historical tragedy The Sign of the Cross (1895) was Barrett's most successful play, both in England and in the United States.

Biography

1880s

Barrett was born into a farming family in Essex. He is remembered as an actor of handsome appearance (despite his small stature) and with a powerful voice. He made his first appearance on the stage at Halifax in 1864, and then played in the provinces alone and with his wife, Caroline Heath, in East Lynne. They married in 1866, having two sons, Frank and Alfred, and three daughters, Ellen, Katherine and Dorothea (Dollie).

Barrett capitalized on his early success as an actor to start a career as a producer.^[1] After managerial experience at the Grand Theatre Leeds and elsewhere, in 1879 he took over the management of the Old Court theatre,^[2] where in the following year he introduced Madame Helena Modjeska to London in an adaptation of Maria Stuart (by Schiller), together with productions of Adrienne Lecouvreur, La Dame aux camélias and other plays.^[3]

In 1881, Wilson Barrett took over the recently refurbished Princess's Theatre, where his melodramatic productions enjoyed great success (if not quite as much as before), with attendance being the highest ever for this theatre.^[4] There Barrett presented The Lights o' London, and then The Silver King, regarded as the most successful melodrama of the 19th century in England. It debuted on 16 November 1882, with Barrett as Wilfred Denver. He played this part for three hundred nights without a break, and repeated its success in W. G. Wills's Claudian.

In 1885 he and Henry Arthur Jones produced Hoodman Blind and in 1886 co-operated with Clement Scott in Sister Mary. In 1886 Barrett left the Princess's Theatre, and in this same year he made a visit to America, repeated in later years.

In 1884 Barrett had appeared in Hamlet, only to promptly return to melodrama. He was not to find much success in any Shakespearian role, except in the role of Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet.

Though Barrett had occasional seasons in London he acted chiefly in the provinces, with his company being one of the most successful of the decade, receiving a £2,000 average yearly profit just from the Grand Theatre Leeds.^[5] His brother and his nephew were part of the company, and his grandson would join them eventually.

His productions were not immune to accident. His melodrama Romany Rye was scheduled to open at the Theatre Royal, Exeter on 5 September 1887. In the middle of the performance, gas lighting ignited some gauze, fire broke out backstage, and then the curtain collapsed.^[6]

According to Jacob Adler, Wilson Barrett was the most famous actor on the London stage of the 1880s.

1890s: The Sign of the Cross

By the 1890s, the London stage was already coming under new influences, and Wilson Barrett's vogue in melodrama had waned, leaving him in financial difficulties. From 1894 he toured the United States, including the American and Knickerbocker theatres of Broadway.

Still there in 1895, Barrett found fortune again with a production ^[7] which would effectively become his most successful, the historical tragedy The Sign of the Cross. Barrett incarnated Marcus Superbus, an old Roman patrician of the years of Nero, who falls in love with a young woman and converts to Christianity for her, both sacrificing their lives in the arena to the lions. The plot in some ways strongly resembles the contemporary novel Quo Vadis, and it may have been an unofficial adaptation of it, though Barrett never acknowledged this.^{[citation needed]}

Then Barrett brought the play to England, starting at Leeds also in 1895, before going to the Lyric Theatre of London with equal success. ^[8] The theatre was crowded with audiences largely composed of people outside the ordinary circle of playgoers, shepherded by enthusiastic local clergymen.^[7] Barrett tried to repeat this success with more plays of a religious type, though not with equal effect, and several of his later attempts were failures.

In 1898 Barrett visited Australia.

Death

Wilson Barrett died at London, on 22 September 1904. Thanks largely to the success of the Sign of the Cross, he left £57,000, even after periods of relative failure, mainly during his later years managing the Old Court Theatre.^[7] His grandson, also named Wilson Barrett, became an actor director with the Brandon-Thomas Company before starting his own repertory in 1939, the Wilson Barrett Company, which based itself in Edinburgh's Lyceum, Glasgow at the Alhambra Theatre Glasgow and for a time in Aberdeen. It also performed on television, at the Edinburgh International Festival and, by invitation, in South Africa.The company was retired in 1954.

Works

Theatre Management

• Grand Theatre Leeds
• Old Court theatre, 1879
• Princess's Theatre, 1881–1886
• Olympic Theatre (London), 1890-1891.^[9]

Playwright

• Sister Mary (1880s)
• Hoodman Blind (1885), with Henry Arthur Jones
• Ben-My-Chree, with Sir Hall Caine
• Clito, with Sydney Grundy
• The Manxman
• Romany Rye
• The Sign of the Cross (1895)
• Lucky Durham

Later adaptations

In 1932, Cecil B. DeMille produced and directed a highly successful film version of The Sign of the Cross, starring Fredric March as centurion Marcus Superbus, Claudette Colbert as Poppea, Charles Laughton as Nero, and Elissa Landi as Mercia, the Christian woman with whom Marcus falls in love.

Acting

• The Silver King (1882)
• Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello
• The Sign of the Cross (1895)

Notes

References

•  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barrett, Wilson". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press 
• "The Art of the Actor-Manager: Wilson Barrett and the Victorian Theatre". ISBN 0835714926, by James Thomas.

External links

• Wilson Barrett at the Internet Movie Database
• Wilson Barrett at the Internet Broadway Database
• Biography, at Encyclopedia.com
• Picture collection, at the National Portrait Gallery