Whitehall (Annapolis, Maryland)
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Whitehall | |
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South entry facade of Whitehall | |
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| Location | Anne Arundel County, Maryland |
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| Coordinates | 39°0′15″N 76°25′37″W / 39.00417°N 76.42694°WCoordinates: 39°0′15″N 76°25′37″W / 39.00417°N 76.42694°W |
| Built | 1787 |
| Architect | John Rawlings; Joseph Horatio Anderson |
| Architectural style | Georgian |
| Governing body | Private |
| NRHP Reference # | 66000387 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966[1] |
| Designated NHL | October 9, 1960[2] |
Whitehall is a plantation house that was built beginning in 1764 near Annapolis in Anne Arundel County in the Province of Maryland by Provincial Governor Horatio Sharpe. When Whitehall was built, Maryland was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain . The house is located about 7.5 miles (12.1 km) to the east of Annapolis on a peninsula between Whitehall Creek and Meredith Creek, opposite Sharpe's Point on a branch of Chesapeake Bay. The site originally comprised about 1,000 acres (400 ha). The house is a five-part Georgian mansion of great length, only one room deep in the main section. It features elaborate original interior woodwork, attributed to William Buckland.
History
The original pavilion, gardens, parks, and entrance court of this 1,000-acre (400 ha) estate were designed and built under Sharpe's supervision.[3] The house was built by Horatio Sharpe for his intended bride, Mary Ogle. Unfortunately for Sharpe, the daughter of Samuel Ogle shattered his plans and married his secretary and close friend, John Ridout.[4] The central portion of the house is believed to have been completed in 1765 as a pavilion for entertaining guests brought by boat from Annapolis. Work continued to add wings on either side until 1769, when it became Sharpe's residence following his removal from office. Sharpe left Maryland for England in 1773 and did not return. He died in London in 1790.[3]
The American Revolution prevented Sharpe's return and so he instructed his friend John Ridout to sell Whitehall. Benjamin Ogle purchased the house from Ridout and two days later resold the house to Ridout for the same sum. Whitehall remained in the Ridout family for one-hundred-and-sixteen years.[4]
In 1895, the widow of General William G. Story acquired Whitehall. Upon her death in 1912, the house passed to her son, John P. Story. He sold Whitehall to St. John's College of Annapolis. From St. John's, ownership of the house passed to the Henderson family.[4] The home is still privately owned.
Whitehall was restored in the early 20th century down to its 1787 appearance. While the home was built originally by provincial Governor Sharpe as a retreat and entertainment pavilion; it was later enlarged and became his residence from his retirement in 1769 until his return to England in 1773.
The house
Whitehall is an unusually long one-story five-part Flemish bond brick building, about 200 feet (61 m) long, with a two-story elevation on the north side. It was designed by Joseph Horatio Anderson, who designed the third (and present) Maryland State House. The “full temple portico” on the central portion of the house, with its Corinthian columns, is one of two in the American colonies built prior to the American Revolutionary War (the other being the “Jumel Mansion” built by Roger Morris in New York). From the north the house has a seven-part elevation, with arcaded extensions comprising, to the west a privy, and to the east a kitchen an well, both mostly underground, which were added in the 1950s restoration.[3]
The main house comprises a main pavilion of three rooms, flanked by narrow relatively long hyphens that connect to the east and west end pavilions, giving a five-part elevation facing south. On the north side the ground falls away, revealing a full basement story beneath the main house, with additional extensions running beyond the end pavilions. The central house features a square main hall with a coved ceiling rising to 20 feet (6.1 m)., flanked by drawing rooms on either side. The south portico faces the water, while a small balcony on the north side of the main hall leads to a pair of stairs to grade level. The hyphens feature lunette windows lighting the narrow gallery to the end pavilions on the south side. Round stucco blind openings decorate the north sides of the hyphens, with an arcade on the lowers level open to the north. The end pavilions are two rooms deep. The pavilions were augmented during restoration by the kitchen and privy extensions, both mostly underground. These were designed to Anderson's original plans, no trace of their existence prior to the restoration was discovered. If they had, the privy would have included one of the first water closets in the United States.[3]
A second floor was added by John Ridout in 1793, with bedrooms directly above the drawing rooms in the main pavilion, with a gabled roof whose ridge coincided with the portico roof. The second story was removed during restoration work in the 1950s.[3]
The site immediately to the north of the house is surrounded by earth mounds in the form of a bastioned breastwork. These features were added during the 1950s restoration, stated to have been built in accordance with original plans by Anderson and Sharpe,[3] and are not of historical origin.
National Historic Landmark
Whitehall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.[1][5]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15.
- ↑ "Whitehall". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Maryland Historical Trust". Whitehall, Anne Arundel County. Maryland Historical Trust. 2008-11-21.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Swann. Colonial and Historic Homes of Maryland. P. 68
- ↑ Patricia Heintzelman, Charles Shedd, Jr., and Charles Snell (July 30, 1974), National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Whitehall PDF (32 KB), National Park Service and Accompanying nine photos, exterior and interior, from 1974 PDF (32 KB)
Sources
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- Swann Jr., Don (1975). Colonial and Historic Homes of Maryland. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 212. ISBN 0-8018-1727-7.
External links
- Whitehall, Anne Arundel County, including photo in 1979, at Maryland Historical Trust
- Whitehall, Saint Margarets Road, Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, MD: 6 photos, 6 data pages and supplemental material, at Historic American Building Survey
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