Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

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Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg
Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg
Spouse(s)	Joanna, Duchess of Brabant
Noble family	House of Luxemburg
Father	John of Bohemia
Mother	Beatrice of Bourbon
Born	(1337-02-25)25 February 1337 Prague
Died	7 December 1383(1383-12-07) (aged 46) Luxembourg
Buried	Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium

Wenceslaus I (also Wenceslas, Venceslas, Wenzel, or Václav, often called Wenceslaus of Bohemia in chronicles) (Prague, 25 February 1337 – Luxembourg, 7 December 1383) was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1355. He was the son of John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Beatrice of Bourbon.

Life

In 1353 Charles IV King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg and elected Holy Roman King, entrusted the county, their father's inheritance, to his half-brother Wenceslaus. In 1355 when Charles was crowned Holy Roman Emperor he raised Luxembourg to the status of a duchy. In 1352, Wenceslaus married Joanna (1322 – 1406), daughter of John III, Duke of Brabant and Limburg, and Marie d'Évreux. In 1355, Joanna inherited Brabant and Limburg. In order to guarantee the indivisibility of Brabant, Wenceslaus signed the Joyous Entry, but had to fight against his brother-in-law Louis II of Flanders, who asserted his share of the duchy. He failed to prevent the seizure of Brussels by the Flemings, but a certain Everard 't Serclaes succeeded by an audacious coup in driving them out of the city. Thereafter, Wenceslaus had to face primarily internal disorders. In 1371, he overestimated his military capacities and waged war with William II, Duke of Jülich, resulting in the humiliating defeat of Baesweiler, losing a part of his army, and several noblemen.^[1] He was captured and suffered 11 months of captivity.^[2]

Burial Place in Abbaye d'Orval, Belgium

He died in Luxembourg and was succeeded by Antoine de Valois as duke of Brabant and by Wenceslaus II as duke of Luxembourg. There are speculations that he might have died of leprosy (Joanna stayed in Brussels). His last wish was his heart to be displaced from his dead body and sent to his wife. He is buried in a crypt at the ruins of Abbaye d'Orval in Belgium.

Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg wrote troubadour poetry which was found by Auguste Longnon in Jean Froissart's Méliador in 1890s (Wenceslas was a maecenas of this chronicler). It comprises 79 poems (11 ballades, 16 virelais, 52 rondeaux).

Ancestors

Ancestors of Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

16. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg

8. Henry VI, Count of Luxembourg

17. Margaret of Bar

4. Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor

18. Baldwin of Avesnes

9. Beatrice d'Avesnes

19. Félicité of Coucy

2. John of Bohemia

20. Henry III, Duke of Brabant

10. John I, Duke of Brabant

21. Adelaide of Burgundy

5. Margaret of Brabant

22. Guy of Dampierre

11. Margaret of Flanders

23. Matilda of Bethune

1. Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg

24. Louis IX of France

12. Robert, Count of Clermont

25. Marguerite of Provence

6. Louis I, Duke of Bourbon

26. John of Burgundy

13. Beatrix of Bourbon

27. Agnes of Dampierre

3. Beatrice of Bourbon

28. John I of Avesnes

14. John II, Count of Holland

29. Adelaide of Holland

7. Mary of Avesnes

30. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (= 16.)

15. Philippa of Luxembourg

31. Margaret of Bar (= 17.)

References

↑ Richard Vaughan, Philip the Bold, (The Boydell Press, 2009), 80.
↑ Richard Vaughan, Philip the Bold, 80.

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Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg House of Luxemburg Born: 25 February 1337 Died: 7 December 1383
Preceded by Charles	Duke of Luxembourg 1353–1383	Succeeded by Wenceslaus II
Preceded by John III	Duke of Brabant 1355–1383	Succeeded by Anthony

Monarchs of Luxembourg

Counts of Luxembourg (963–1354)

Elder House of Luxembourg (963–1136)	Siegfried (963–998) Henry I (998–1026) Henry II (1026–1047) Giselbert (1047–1059) Conrad I (1059–1086) Henry III (1086–1096) William I (1096–1131) Conrad II (1131–1136)

House of Namur (1136–1189)	Henry IV (1136–1189)

House of Hohenstaufen (1196–1197)	Otto (1196–1197)

House of Namur (1197–1247)	Ermesinde (1197–1247), with Theobald (1197–1214), and then Waleran (1214–1226)

House of Limburg (1247–1354)	Henry V (1247–1281) Henry VI (1281–1288) Henry VII (1288–1313) John I (1313–1346) Charles I (1346–1353) Wenceslaus I (1353–1354)

Dukes of Luxembourg (1354–1794)

House of Limburg (1354–1443)	Wenceslaus I (1354–1383) Wenceslaus II (1383–1388) Jobst (1388–1411) Elisabeth (1411–1443) with Anthony (1411–1415), and then John II (1418–1425)

House of Valois-Burgundy (1443–1482)	Philip I (1443–1467) Charles II (1467–1477) Mary I (1477–1482) and Maximilian I (1477–1482)

House of Habsburg (1482–1700)	Philip II (1482–1506) Charles III (1506–1556) Philip III (1556–1598) Isabella Clara Eugenia (1598–1621) and Albert (1598–1621) Philip IV (1621–1665) Charles IV (1665–1700)

House of Bourbon (1700–1712)	Philip V (1700–1712)

House of Wittelsbach (1712–1713)	Maximilian II (1712–1713)

House of Habsburg (1713–1780)	Charles V (1713–1740) Mary II (1740–1780)

House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1780–1794)	Joseph (1780–1790) Leopold (1790–1792) Francis (1792–1794)

Grand Dukes of Luxembourg (since 1815)

House of Orange-Nassau (1815–1890)	William I (1815–1840) William II (1840–1849) William III (1849–1890)

House of Nassau-Weilburg (since 1890)	Adolphe (1890–1905) William IV (1905–1912) Marie-Adélaïde (1912–1919) Charlotte (1919–1964) Jean (1964–2000) Henri (since 2000)

Persondata
Name	Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg
Alternative names	Wenceslaus of Bohemia; Wenzel I. von Luxemburg (German); Václav Lucemburský (Czech)
Short description	Duke of Luxembourg (1353-1383)
Date of birth	25 February 1337
Place of birth	Prague
Date of death	7 December 1383
Place of death	Luxembourg

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