Warwick School

Warwick School

Motto	Altiora Peto (Latin for "I seek higher things")
Established	914
Type	Public school Independent day and boarding school
Religion	Church of England
Head Master	A. R. Lock, MA (Senior School), G. R. G Canning, BA (Junior School)
Deputy Headmaster	D. J. Wickes, MA (Senior School), T. C. Lewis (Junior School)
Chairman of Governors	R. M. Dancey
Location	Warwick Warwickshire CV34 6PP England Coordinates: 51°11′48″N 0°37′21″W / 51.196552°N 0.622504°W / 51.196552; -0.622504
DfE number	937/6020
DfE URN	125781 Tables
Staff	ca.130
Students	1150
Gender	Boys
Ages	4–18
Former pupils	Old Warwickians
Website	www.warwickschool.org

Warwick School is an independent school with boarding facilities for boys in Warwick, England. It is believed to be the oldest surviving boys' public school in the world and the fourth-oldest surviving school in the country after King's School, Canterbury, King's School, Rochester and St Peter's School, York. It was active in the reign of King Edward the Confessor (reigned 1042–1066) and probably for a century before that. Its Headmasters have been members of the Headmaster and Headmistresses Conference since 1896.

Enrolment

Entrance to Warwick School is competitive, with entry points at 12+, 13+ and Sixth Form. In the academic year 2012-13 there were 912 boys in the senior school, aged from 11 to 18, and 251, aged from 7 to 11, in the junior school. It forms part of the Warwick Independent Schools Foundation which includes Warwick School (senior & junior), King's High School for Girls and Warwick Preparatory School.

Houses

Boys in the senior school are put into one of six or seven houses (depending on numbers) which compete against each other in sports and other activities, such as debating. The house system is now combined with the system of forms. Six of the houses are named after people connected with the history of the town of Warwick (Tudor, Guy, Greville, Brooke, Oken and Leycester) and the seventh house, formerly for boarders only, is called School. The Junior School has four houses named after more general historical figures (Drake, Scott, Wellington and Nelson).

History

Early Beginnings and The Move to St Mary's

This, the oldest surviving boys' grammar school in the world, was active in the time of King Edward the Confessor (reigned 1042–1066) and probably for a century earlier, most likely in the grounds of Warwick Castle. By 1477 lessons were held in the old church of St John the Baptist in the Market Place, and the school was still there when King Henry VIII re-founded it as "The King's New Scole of Warwyke" in 1545. At this point the new grammar school moved to what is now the Lord Leycester Hospital, and later on to St Peter's Chapel over the Eastgate, now part of King's High School for Girls. It is not clear where the school was in the 17th century, but it had a couple of notable schoolmasters in the form of the epigrammatist John Owen (1595–1622) and Rev Thomas DuGard (1633–49), later Rector of Barford Church, who did so much to record the history and daily life of the school in his Latin diary. The grammar school moved to the disused medieval buildings of the Vicars Choral in St Mary's churchyard around 1697, and stayed there for the next 200 years. Despite initially thriving, with up to 60 boarders, by the end of the 18th century "there were no boarders and very few, if any, free scholars". In 1792 there began the 50-year tenure of Rev George Innes as Master, and the school's fortunes once again fluctuated wildly. Educational reforms and the shake-up of local charities dramatically improved the school under Rev Herbert Hill (1842–76), and a modern curriculum was introduced. It was only in 1871, though, that a list of the 50 or so pupils attending the school began to be kept. Three new schools were proposed in the 1870s, and had all begun operations by 1879. They were; The King's Grammar School, on a new site south of the River Avon, with a classical curriculum, The King's Middle School in The Butts, providing a “commercial education” for "less academic" boys and The King's High School for Girls, in Landor House, Smith Street.

Crisis

The late Victorian era was initially one of success and growth. A Junior Department (now the Junior School) was opened in 1889, and even a chemistry laboratory was constructed. The number of pupils reached 135 (with six staff) in 1885, and 168 ten years later. Also at this time a Cadet Corps was established, The Portcullis started to be published, school Rules were drawn up, Oxford Scholarships started to be won, the name Warwick School was unofficially introduced, with the motto Altiora Peto, an English school song, Here's a Song For All, was written, with music by John Farmer and The Limes were planted. The years 1896 to 1906 were ones of increasing crisis for the school, however, culminating in its economic collapse and temporary closure, the flight of the headmaster, the sacking of all the staff, the withdrawal of most of the boys and a merger with the King's Middle School in 1906. However, there were some positive achievements during this troubled decade. A new wing was added at right angles to the chapel, the Old Warwickian Association was founded, the House system was started, the chapel was completed (apart from the gallery), the dining room gained its wooden panels, a Science Block (now the music department) was built, the first history of the school was published (A. F. Leach), and a Latin school song, Floreat Domus, was composed for the 1906 Warwick Pageant.

Early Twentieth Century Growth

Under physicist H. S. Pyne (1906–28) the school rapidly grew in numbers. By the late 1920s, there were almost 400 boys in the school, including 146 (very profitable) boarders, almost double the permitted number. The staff grew to 25 at this time.

By 1920 the engineering shop was built, the outdoor swimming pool was opened, electric lighting (instead of gas) was installed throughout the school, a school orchestra was created, a yearly carol service was held in St Mary's, the Town Crier visited yearly, the annual Science Exhibition was started, joint debates with King's High School were held, eight free places were offered to local elementary school pupils and many new Buildings were built.

The First World War had a shattering effect on the school and its headmaster, whose son Eric was killed along with 87 other OWs and two staff. Pyne generously paid for the chapel gallery and west window as a war memorial, but overall the school was getting somewhat run down by the late 1920s despite a new stage being constructed in Big School. The incoming headmaster in 1928, the linguist G. A. Riding from Rugby School, saw himself as a "new broom sweeping clean", and his controversial reign was blighted in particular by two arson attacks in 1930. However, there were many achievements during this era. The design of the present school badge and uniform was created, the first overseas school trips took place and form orders were introduced(with the bottom boy being flogged in front of the whole school).

Politics, music and drama flourished as never before (as did boxing as a school sport) in the mid-1930s under headmaster Eric Percival Smith (1933-6), and the most popular society in the school was The League of Nations Union.

War and Independence

The long headmastership of the Cornish chemist A. H. B. Bishop (1936–62) started badly when he decided to re-open the Junior House, closed in 1935 by agreement with a local preparatory school, as a private junior school in 1938. This led to his temporary suspension from the Headmasters' Conference and a vigorous campaign, which included writing to the most famous OWs of the time, including the Poet Laureate John Masefield, in order to get himself reinstated. Masefield's non-committal reply is displayed in the school museum. Bishop encountered further legal problems when he was sued for damages in 1941 at Birmingham Assizes. A 14-year-old boarder doing unsupervised war-time agricultural work in the summer of 1940 at Charlecote lost an eye as a result of a clod of earth being thrown at him. Bishop initially lost the case, and the boy won £750 damages, but the verdict was reversed on appeal, the boy ending up with nothing, on the grounds that the court thought that supervision had not been necessary.

As in the conflict of 1914-18, the number of pupils in the school actually grew during the Second World War, the total rising to 450 by 1946. It was difficult to appoint and retain adequate staff, and the school was forced to share its premises with an evacuated Birmingham School between 1939 and 1940. Air-raid shelters were dug, gas-masks were assembled, and war-time losses of Old Warwickians were almost as serious as they had been 25 years earlier. The most fundamental change at this time, however, occurred as a result of the 1944 Butler Education Act, one aim of which was to make secondary education free of charge for all pupils. At Warwick the fees had to more than triple (to £16 per term for day-boys) as the substantial Local Education Authority subsidy to the school was going to come to an end. However, the very same LEA would still provide total funding for 45 "free place" boys in every year, and also institute a fees remission scheme for parents earning less than £7 10s per week. In 1946 the governors were forced to declare that Warwick School would have to become independent.

Post War Stability and Growth

By the time A. H. B. Bishop retired in 1962, there were 742 pupils and 44 staff in the senior and junior schools. During the late 1940s and 1950s a new building called The Orlits was built, a new biology laboratory and Memorial Gymnasium were constructed, School Certificate examinations became "O" and "A" levels, and new chemistry and physics laboratories were built, leaving Keeling’s original science block to be taken over by the geography and history departments.

There was a highly successful visit by the Queen Mother in 1958, as well as earlier visits by Viscount Montgomery of Alamein and Sir Anthony Eden (Prime Minister 1955-7).

From 1962 to 1967, Headmaster and historian P. W. Martin continued to modernise the school. Parents' evenings were introduced, Friends of Warwick School and the Community Service Organisation were set up, the compulsory wearing of the school cap was abolished, a language laboratory was created, the school's first computer was built, the School Mathematics Project, the Cambridge Classics Project and Nuffield Science were introduced, the Guy Nelson Hall was constructed, the English and mathematics departments got new teaching blocks, the old Big School was converted into the school library, Bridge House and its land were purchased, the temporary New Buildings were finally demolished after 55 years of use, and the school bought its first blue-and-white minibus.

Towards the New Millennium

Political events over which he had no control soon forced mathematician and Olympic hockey player J. A. Strover (headmaster 1977-88) to consider a number of radical changes. The intake altered as the Assisted Places Scheme replaced the Local Education Authority's arrangement of paying for free places, and corporal punishment was totally abolished in the school, as was Saturday morning school.

Marketing was developed as a concept, and Open Days were introduced. The number of reports on boys by staff was increased, and staff started to be appraised. O-levels were replaced by GCSEs in 1988, and an A-level pass rate of 90% was achieved. Craft, Design and Technology became an academic subject, and the school's first dedicated computer room opened in 1981 with half a dozen Commodore PETs, soon to be replaced in 1986 by a full-size room with 17 BBC micros. Computing became an academic subject.

Instead of being shut down, the boarding house was refurbished. The number of boarding pupils from Hong Kong started to grow.

Physicist Dr P. J. Cheshire (headmaster 1988-2002) saw to it that the facilities of virtually every department in the school were improved. In particular, the 1949 Orlits building was replaced by a purpose-built geography and history block, the music department moved into Keeling's gutted 1905 science laboratories, the 1911 outdoor swimming pool was filled in and replaced by a new Sports Hall, the 1890 gymnasium was converted into a Sixth Form Centre, the library and IT departments moved to a new building named after OW John Masefield, the old library became an extension dining room and functions area (the Pyne Room), and a drama studio was built at the back of the Guy Nelson Hall.

A brand new theatre was built on the site of, and named after, Bridge House, and all staff were issued with laptop computers. An AstroTurf games pitch was built, the entire Junior School was refurbished and extended into a quadrangle, and the school’s first Archivist, Gervald Frykman, was appointed.

The Twenty First Century

Some of the most recent developments under headmaster Edward B. Halse (2002-2013) have been the most financially ambitious in the school’s history.

E-mail became the normal method of communication between staff, and all boys gained internet access. A second history of the school was published (G. N. Frykman and E. J. Hadley) in 2004, the school co-founded the Independent-State School Partnership scheme, sixth-form girls from King’s High School joined the CCF and some joint teaching started, a new maintenance department was built behind the Bridge House Theatre, a new science block (the Cheshire Building) was built on the site of the 1879 sanatorium, the 1957 science block was demolished and replaced with the Thornton Building, containing the mathematics, classics and religion and philosophy departments, floodlit games pitches became available, the 1st XV won the Daily Mail Cup in 2007, and national recognition was won by the school’s concert band and drama students. All teaching in the original 1879 classrooms finished and a museum and OW functions room was opened.

Given that King's School, Canterbury and St Peter's School, York are now co-educational, Warwick School can now claim to be the oldest boys' school in the country. Indeed, while there are several very old European choir schools such as Monserrat and Regensburg still in existence, Warwick School has never been tied to a cathedral and there seems to be no evidence to refute the claim that it is the oldest surviving boys' grammar school in the world.

Two histories of the school have been published. The first appeared in 1906 at the exact time that the existence of the original Grammar School was under threat, as unpublished accounts in the school archives show. The second was published in 2004; of the two co-authors, Gervald Frykman is the school's first Archivist, and used much recently discovered material to bring the school's varied fortunes before World War II to life; while Eric Hadley, the editor of the school's yearly chronicle The Portcullis, portrays the school's continued rise in numbers, and its successes, since then. A second edition of Frykman and Hadley will be published in 2014.

Next door to the main school is the Junior School, opened in 1889. Although it closed and re-opened several times in the first half of the twentieth century, it has been fully operational since 1938, and now caters for approximately 250 boys from 7 to 11 years of age.

Modern buildings

Although its 1879 buildings are still in use, there have been many additions since then, and all teaching now takes place in specialised departmental areas elsewhere.

A new Science Centre, designed by Brown Matthews Architects Ltd., opened for use in June 2007. It houses biology, physics and chemistry laboratories. It was built on the site of the original 1879 sanatorium.

The main hall of the school, the Guy Nelson Hall, was built, following an appeal, between 1969 and 1970. It has seating for about 600 people, which is now far less than the total size of the school. Alderman Guy Nelson, after whom the hall is named, was a long-serving Chairman of Governors (1938–1963).

The school has its own theatre, the Bridge House Theatre, holding around 310 people. It was opened on 1 May 2000 by Dame Judi Dench and was designed by Michael Reardon Associates. It was intended from the start to be used both by the school and by local organisations in the town. The theatre is set out, as many larger theatres are, with both stall and circle seating and space for a small orchestra pit if needed.

The Thornton Building was designed by Brown Matthews Architects Ltd and is one of the newest buildings within Warwick School. It houses Maths, DT, Religious Studies, Philosophy and Classics.

The latest addition is a new frontage to the Sports Centre (named the Halse Sports Pavilion after headmaster Mr Halse) that was opened on 15 March 2013 by Lord Sebastian Coe.^[1]

Headmasters

Academic performance

Warwick School has an outstanding track record of academic results, often putting the school high up in school league tables.

In the 2010 results there was a 100% pass rate at ‘A’ level with 25% A* grades and 89% A* to B grades. At GCSE, there was a 99% pass rate, with 75% A/A* grades.

For all ages, class sizes are small. On average there around 24 boys per form. In the Sixth Form, academic classes are smaller still, with around 12 pupils per class.

The curriculum is designed to provide an extensive range of subject options and many different learning experiences and is consistently updated. Conferences, visits, university links and extensive use of the library and ICT facilities all extend educational horizons.

The vast majority of boys go on to Russell Group universities such as Oxford, Cambridge, St Andrews, Warwick University, UCL, Durham University, Imperial and LSE. In 2010, 13 boys received offers from Oxford or Cambridge.^[2]

Notable Old Warwickians

See also

• List of the oldest schools in the world

References

Further reading

• Arthur Francis Leach (1906). A History of Warwick School with Notices of the Collegiate Church, Gilds, and Borough of Warwick. London: Archibald Constable and Company Limited. 
• G N Frykman and E J Hadley (2004). Warwick School: A History. Gresham Books of Oxford. ISBN 0-946095-46-9. 
• Klaus Boehm and Jenny Lees-Spalding (2005-11-01). "Warwick School". Guide to Independent Schools. Trotman. ISBN 0-85660-984-6. 
• W.B. Stephens (Editor) (1969). "The borough of Warwick — Public education". A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 8: The City of Coventry and Borough of Warwick. pp. 539 – 543.  — The Victoria County History gives a detailed account of the history of education in Warwick from the time of the 1851 census onwards.
• "Warwick School". ISBI. Retrieved 2005-12-19. 
• "Warwick School". BBC News. 2005-10-19. 
• "Warwick School". ISI Reports. Independent Schools Inspectorate. Retrieved 2005-12-17. 
• Roger Wilmut. "Warwick School in 1961". Retrieved 2005-12-17.  — Mr Wilmut attended the school from 1953 to 1961. Pictures on the site include the New Buildings and Orlits, which were demolished in 1974 and 1995 respectively.

External links

• Official website
• ISI Inspection Reports
• What's On at the Bridge House Theatre

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