Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

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Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
t͡ɕ
t͜ɕ
IPA number 215
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ʨ
Unicode (hex) U+02A8
X-SAMPA ts\
Sound
source · help

The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with t͡ɕ (formerly ʨ). The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate occurs in languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Serbo-Croatian.

Features

Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe Abadzekh чъыгы  [t͡ɕəɣə]  'tree'
Bzhedug
Shapsug
Catalan[1] All dialects fletxa [ˈfɫet͡ɕə] 'arrow' See Catalan phonology
Valencian xec [ˈt͡ɕek] 'cheque'
Chinese Cantonese zai1 [tɕɐi˥]'switch'/'button' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Cantonese phonology
Mandarin 北京 Běijīng  [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥] 'Beijing' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Mandarin phonology
Danish tjener [ˈt͡ɕɛ̝ːnɐ] 'servant' See Danish phonology
Japanese 知人 chijin [t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ] 'acquaintance' See Japanese phonology
Korean jip [t͡ɕip̚] 'house' See Korean phonology
Norwegian tjern [t͡ɕæɳ] 'pond' See Norwegian phonology
Polish[2] ćma  [t͡ɕmä]  'moth' See Polish phonology
Russian чуть [t͡ɕʉtʲ] 'narrowly' See Russian phonology
Serbo-Croatian Ловћен / Lovćen [ɫǒ̞ʋt͡ɕe̞n] 'Lovćen' Merges with /t͡ʃ/ in most Croatian and some Bosnian accents. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Swedish Finland kjol [t͡ɕuːl] 'skirt' See Swedish phonology
Thai[3] ฉัน [tɕʰǎn] 'I'
Uzbek[4]
Vietnamese cha [t͡ɕa] 'father' See Vietnamese phonology
Yi ji [t͡ɕi˧] 'sour' Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms

See also

References

  1. Wheeler (2005:12)
  2. Jassem (2003:105)
  3. Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993:24)
  4. Sjoberg (1963:12)

Bibliography

  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191 
  • Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar 
  • Tingsabadh, M.R. Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur S. (1993), "Thai", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (1): 24–26, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004746 
  • Wheeler, Max W. (2005), The Phonology of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7 
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