Voiced bilabial stop

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Voiced bilabial stop
b
IPA number 102
Encoding
Entity (decimal) b
Unicode (hex) U+0062
X-SAMPA b
Kirshenbaum b
Braille ⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)

The voiced bilabial stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨b⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b. The voiced bilabial stop occurs in English, and it is the sound denoted by the letter ⟨b⟩ in boy. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between breathy voiced /bʱ/ and plain /b/.

Features

Features of the voiced bilabial stop:

  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.

Varieties

IPA Description
b plain b
bʷ labialised
b̜ʷ semi-labialised
b̹ʷ strongly labialised
bʲ palatalised
bʱ breathy voiced

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Adyghe бгъуы [bʁʷə] 'nine'
Arabic Standard[1] كتب [ˈkatabɐ]'he wrote' See Arabic phonology
Armenian Eastern[2] բարի  [bɑˈɾi] (help·info) 'kind'
Basque bero [beɾo] 'hot'
Catalan[3] bèstia [ˈbɛstiə] 'beast' See Catalan phonology
Czech bota [ˈbota] 'boot' See Czech phonology
Dutch[4] boer [buːr] 'farmer' See Dutch phonology
English aback [əˈbæk] 'aback' See English phonology
French[5] boue [bu] 'mud' See French phonology
Georgian[6] ბავშვი [ˈbavʃvi]'child'
German Bub [buːp] 'boy' See German phonology
Greek μπόχα bócha [ˈbo̞xa] 'reek' See Modern Greek phonology
Gujarati બક્રી [bəkri] 'goat' See Gujarati phonology
Hebrew בית [bajit] 'house' See Modern Hebrew phonology
Hindi बाल [bɑːl] 'hair'Contrasts with aspirated version(भ). See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian baba [ˈbɒbɒ] 'baby' See Hungarian phonology
Italian[7] bile [ˈbile] 'rage' See Italian phonology
Japanese[8] 番 ban [baɴ] '(one's) turn' See Japanese phonology
Kabardian бгъуы [bʁʷə] 'nine'
Korean 차비
chabi 		[t͡ɕʰɐbi] 'fare'See Korean phonology
Macedonian убав [ˈubav] 'beautiful' See Macedonian phonology
Malay baru [bäru] 'new'
Maltese għatba [aːtˈba] 'threshold'
Marathi बटाटा [bəˈʈaːʈaː] 'potato' See Marathi phonology
Norwegian bål [ˈbɔːl] 'bonfire' See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã pibaóí [ˈpìbàóí̯]'parent'
Polish[9] bas  [bäs] (help·info) 'bass' See Polish phonology
Portuguese[10] bato [ˈbatʊ] 'I strike' See Portuguese phonology
Romanian[11] bou [bow] 'bull' See Romanian phonology.
Russian[12] рыба [ˈrɨbə] 'fish' Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
Slovak byť [bic] 'to be'
Spanish[13] invertir [ĩmbe̞rˈtir] 'to invest' See Spanish phonology
Swedish bra [ˈbrɑː] 'good' See Swedish phonology
Turkish bulut [ˈbuɫut̪] 'cloud' See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian брат [ˈbrɑt̪] 'brother' See Ukrainian phonology
Urdu بال [bɑːl] 'hair'Contrasts with aspirated version(بھ). See Hindi-Urdu phonology
West Frisian bak [bak] 'tray'
Yi ꁧ bbo [bo˧] 'mountain'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[14] bald [bal͡d] 'few'

See also

References

  1. ↑ Thelwall (1990:37)
  2. ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009:13)
  3. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
  4. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
  5. ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
  6. ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  7. ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
  8. ↑ Okada (1991:94)
  9. ↑ Jassem (2003:103)
  10. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
  11. ↑ DEX Online :
  12. ↑ Padgett (2003:42)
  13. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:255)
  14. ↑ Merrill (2008:108)

Bibliography

  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618 
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223 
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company 
  • Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874 
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X 
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191 
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373 
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344 
  • Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94–97, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X 
  • Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505 
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628 
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659 
  • Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266 
 
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